Term
| Bandwidth (pg. 52): (channel capacity) |
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Definition
| An expression of how much data- text, voice, and so on- can be sent through a communications channel in a given amount of time |
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Term
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Definition
| Very high speed connections |
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Term
| Internet access provider (pg. 53) |
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Definition
| The regional, national, or wireless organization or business that connects you to the internet. |
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Term
| Integrated Services Digital Network (pg. 55) |
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Definition
| Consists of hardware and software that allow voice, video, and data to be communicated over traditional copper-wire telephone lines |
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Term
| Digital subscriber line (DSL) (pg. 55) |
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Definition
| Uses regular phone lines, a DSL modem, and special technology to transmit data in megabits per second |
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Term
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Definition
| Essentially a traditional trunk line that carries 24 normal telephone circuits and has a transmission rate of 1.5 Mbps |
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Term
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Definition
| Connects a personal computer to a cable-TV system that offers an internet connection |
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Term
| Communications satellite (pg. 57) |
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Definition
| A space station that transmits radio waves called microwaves from Earth-based stations |
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Term
| Wireless network (pg. 58) |
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Definition
| Uses radio waves to transmit data |
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Term
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Definition
| The name given to any of several standards- so-called 802.11 standards- set by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) for wireless transmission |
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Term
| Access point, or hot spot (pg. 58) |
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Definition
| A station that sends and receives data to and from a Wi-Fi network; public access to Wi-Fi networks |
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Term
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Definition
| Stands for “third generation”; loosely defined as high-speed wireless technology that does not need access points because it uses the existing cell phone system |
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Term
| Internet service provider (ISP) (pg. 58) |
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Definition
| A local, regional, or national organization that provides access to the internet |
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Term
| Network access point (NAP) (pg. 61) |
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Definition
| A routing computer at a point on the internet where several connections come together |
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Term
| Internet backbone (pg. 62) |
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Definition
| High-speed, high-capacity transmission lines that use the newest communications technology to transmit data across the internet |
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Term
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Definition
| Set of rules that computers must follow to transmit data electronically |
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Term
| TCP/IP (pg. 62): (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) |
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Definition
| The protocol that enables all computers to use data transmitted on the internet |
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Term
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Definition
| Fixed-length blocks of data for transmission |
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Term
| Internet Protocol (IP) address (pg. 63) |
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Definition
| Uniquely identifies every computer and device connected to the internet |
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Term
| ICANN (pg. 63): (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) |
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Definition
| Was established to regulate human-friendly internet domain names- those addresses ending with .com, .org, .net, and so on, that overlie IP addresses and identify the website type |
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Term
| Universal Resource Locator (URL) (pg. 66) |
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Definition
| A string of characters that points to a specific place of information anywhere on the web |
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Term
| HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) (pg. 67) |
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Definition
| The communications rules that allow browsers to connect with web servers |
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Term
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Definition
| Simply a location on the internet, the particular web server |
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Term
| Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) (pg. 68) |
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Definition
| The set of special instructions (called “tags or “markups”) that are used to specify document structure, formatting, and links to other multimedia documents on the web |
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Term
| Hypertext link, or hyperlinks, hotlinks, or links (pg. 69) |
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Definition
| Connections to other documents or web pages that contain related information; a word or phrase in one document becomes a connection to a document in a different place |
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Term
| Web portal (pg. 73): (portal) |
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Definition
| A type of gateway website that functions as an “anchor site” and offers a broad array of resources and services, online shopping malls, email support, community forums, current news and weather, stock quotes, travel information, and links to other popular subject categories |
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Term
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Definition
| The subject word or words of the topic you wish to find |
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Term
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Definition
| Programs that enable you to ask questions or use keywords to help locate information on the web |
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Term
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Definition
| Do-it-yourself labels that people can put on anything found on the internet, from article to photos to videos |
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Term
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Definition
| You send and receive messages by interacting via a browser with a website |
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Term
| File transfer protocol (FTP) (pg. 88) |
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Definition
| A software standard for transferring files between computers with different operating systems. You can connect to a remote computer called an FTP site and transfer files to your own microcomputer’s hard disk via TCI/IP over the internet |
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Term
| Real-time chat (RTC) (pg. 90) |
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Definition
| Participants have a typed discussion while online at the same time |
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Term
| Internet telephony, or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) phoning (pg. 92): |
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Definition
| Using the net to make phone calls, either one to one or for audio-conferencing |
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Term
| Plug-in (pg. 93): (player or viewer) |
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Definition
| A program that adds a specific feature to a browser, allowing it to play or view certain files |
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Term
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Definition
| A program that adds a specific feature to a browser, allowing it to play or view certain files Small programs (software) that can be quickly downloaded and run by most browsers |
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Term
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Definition
| A Complex programming language that enables programmers to create animated and interactive web pages |
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Term
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Definition
| Software that automatically downloads information to personal computers |
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Term
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Definition
| Customized text, video, and audio are sent to you automatically on a regular basis |
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Term
| RSS newsreader or RSS aggregator (pg. 96) |
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Definition
| Programs that scour the web, sometimes hourly or more frequently, and pull together in one place web “feeds” from several websites |
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Term
| Extensible markup language (XML) (pg. 96) |
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Definition
| A web-document tagging and formatting language that is an advance over HTML and that two computers can use to exchange information |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| E-commerce, or electronic commerce (pg. 97) |
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Definition
| Conducting business activities online |
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Term
| B2B (business-to-business) commerce (pg. 97) |
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Definition
| The electronic sale or exchange of goods and services directly between companies, cutting out traditional intermediaries |
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Term
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Definition
| The forgery of an email sender name so that the message appears to have originated from someone or somewhere other than the actual source |
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Term
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Definition
| (1) The sending of a forged email that (2) directs recipients to a replica of an existing web page, both of which pretend to belong to a legitimate company. The purpose of the fraudulent sender is to “phish” for, or entice people to share, their personal, financial, or password data |
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Term
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Definition
| Thieves implant malicious software on a victim’s computer that redirects the user to an imposter web page even when the individual types the correct address into his or her browser. |
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Term
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Definition
| Little text files- such as your log-in name, password, and preferences- left on your hard disk by some websites you visit. The websites retrieve the data when you visit again |
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Term
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Definition
| Deceptive software that is surreptitiously installed on a computer via the web; once installed on your hard disk, it allows an outsider to harvest confidential information |
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Term
| Adware (pg. 102): (pop-up generators) |
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Definition
| A kind of spyware that tracks web surfing or online buying so that marketers can send you targeted and unsolicited pop-up and other ads |
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Term
| Browser hijackers (pg. 102) |
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Definition
| Change settings in your browser without your knowledge, often changing your browser’s home page and replacing it with another web page |
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Term
| Search hijackers (pg. 102) |
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Definition
| Intercept your legitimate search requests made to real search engines and return results from phony search services designed to send you to sites they run |
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Term
| Key loggers (pg. 103): (keystroke loggers) |
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Definition
| Can record each character you type and transmit that information to someone else on the internet, making it possible for strangers to learn your passwords and other information |
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Term
| 1. Contrast dial-up connections with ISDN, DSL, and T1 connections. (pgs. 53-56) |
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Definition
ISDN: Consists of hardware and software that allow voice, video, and data to be communicated over traditional copper-wire telephone lines. It is the slowest of high-speed internet options
DSL: Uses regular telephone lines, a DSL modem, and special technology to transmit data in megabits per second. You must live within 3.3 miles of a phone company central switching office
T1 line: Essentially a traditional trunk line that carries 24 normal telephone circuits and has a transmission rate of 1.5 Mbps. This is the quickest high-speed internet option |
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Term
| 2. Explain how a cable modem differs from other types of connections. (pgs. 56-57) |
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Definition
| Cable modem: Connects a personal computer to a cable-TV system that offers an internet connection |
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Term
| 3. Contrast the three types of wireless connections. (pgs. 57-58) |
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Definition
Communications satellite: A space station that transmits radio waves called microwaves from earth-based stations
Wi-Fi: The name given to any of several standards- so called 802.11 standards- set by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) for wireless transmission.
Wireless 3G: High-speed wireless technology that does not need access points because it uses the existing cellphone system |
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Term
| 4. Contrast the three types of internet access providers. (pgs. 58, 60) |
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Definition
Internet service provider: A local, regional, or national organization that provides access to the internet
Commercial online service: Members-only company that provides not only internet access but other specialized content as well (i.e. AOL, MSN)
Wireless internet service: Enables users with computers containing wireless modems to gain access to the internet |
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Term
| 5. How does TCP/IP handle data transmission on the internet? (pgs. 62-63) |
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Definition
A set of rules that computers must follow to transmit data electronically
Determines how the sending device will indicate that it has finished sending a message and how the receiving device will indicate that it has received the message
Breaks the data in a message into separate packets |
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Term
| 6. The Institutes’ web address is http://www.aicpcu.org. Explain the components of this address. (pgs. 66-67) |
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Definition
http://: protocol
www.aicpu.org : domain name (web server name) |
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Term
| 7. What is a web portal? What are its useful features? (pgs. 73-74) |
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Definition
A type of gateway website that functions as an “anchor site” and offers a broad array of resources and services
Online shopping malls, email support, community forums, current news and weather, stock quotes, travel information, and links to other popular subject categories |
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Term
| 8. Describe each of the four types of web search tools. (pgs. 75-76) |
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Definition
Keyword index: Allows you to search for information by typing one or more keywords, and the search engine then displays a list of web pages, or “hits”, that contain those key words
Subject directories: Allows you to search for information by selecting lists of categories or topics
Metasearch engine: Allows you to search several search engines simultaneously
Specialized search engine: Help locate specialized subject matter, such as material about movies, health, and jobs |
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Term
| 9. Contrast email programs and web-based email. (pgs. 81-82) |
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Definition
Email program: Enables you to send email by running email software on your computer, which interacts with an email server at your internet access provider to send and receive email
Web-based email: You send and receive messages by interacting via a browser with a website |
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Term
| 10. Erin Jones’s email address is erinj@aitstudent.org. Explain the components of this address. (pg. 83) |
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Definition
erinj: User name (User ID)
aitstudent.org: Domain name
aitstudent: Domain (location)
.org: Top-level domain (domain type) |
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Term
| 11. Contrast instant messaging (IM) with email and real-time chat. (pgs. 86-88, 90) |
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Definition
Instant messaging (IM): Any user on a given email system can send a message and have it pop up instantly on the screen of anyone else logged onto that system
Real-time chat: participants have a typed discussion (“chat”) while online at the same time
Unlike instant messaging (IM), which tends to involve one-on-one conversation, real-time chat usually involves several participants. |
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Term
| 12. Describe the basic rules of netiquette. (pgs. 91-92) |
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Definition
Consult FAQs
Avoid flaming
Don’t SHOUT
Be careful with jokes
Avoid sloppiness, but avoid criticizing others’ sloppiness
Don’t send huge file attachments, unless requested
When replying, quote only the relevant portion |
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Term
| 13. Contrast VoIP phoning with a traditional phone connection. (pgs. 92-93) |
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Definition
| Using the net, rather than a traditional phone line, to make phone calls, either one to one or for audio-conferencing |
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Term
| 14. Describe the tools needed for viewing multimedia on the web. (pgs. 93-95) |
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Definition
| Plug-in: (player or viewer) A program that adds a specific feature to a browser, allowing it to play or view certain files |
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Term
| 15. Describe webcasting, blogging, and podcasting. (pgs. 95-97) |
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Definition
Webcasting: Customized text, video, and audio are sent to you automatically on a regular basis
Blogging: Diary-style web page
Podcasting: Involves the recording of internet radio or similar internet audio programs |
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Term
| 16. Describe the benefits of e-commerce. (pgs. 97-99) |
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Definition
| It is not only widening consumers’ choice of products and services but also creating new businesses and compelling established businesses to develop internet strategies |
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Term
| 17. Explain how an individual or organization can protect against the following: (pgs. 99-103) |
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Definition
a. Snooping
Install software on your computer that encodes and decodes messages
Don’t put any sensitive or embarrassing information in your email
b. Spoofing, phishing, and pharming
Be suspicious of any email that directs you to a website that requests confidential information.
Make sure you go to special secure web pages.
c. Cookies
Delete your cookies
d. Spyware
Download an anti-spyware program to your computer |
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