Term
| 4 Areas of Agreement on basic principles of information processing system |
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Definition
1. Assumption of a limited capacity
2. Some type of control system for dealing with stimuli
3. Interaction of new information with stored information
4. Humans have genetic traits that dictate the method by which they gain new information |
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Term
| Two sytems of interaction of new information with stored information |
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Definition
1. Bottom-up system: Brain attempts to match new information (initiator) with existing concepts
2. Top-down system: Existing information is the initiator, memory is evaluated, then matched to stimuli |
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Term
| Multi-Stage Model of Memory |
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Definition
1. Receive a stimuli
2. Goes to sensory memory
3. If not forgotten, goes to short-term memory
4. In short term memory, information can be forgotten, retrieved, and rehearsed
4. Encoding: Can go to long-term memory
5. Retrieval: Information from long-term memory can be retrieved to short-term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| Initial stage of stimuli perception, associated with the senses. Information stored here begins to decay quickly if not transferred to the next stage. |
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Term
| Short-Term/Working Memory |
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Definition
| Active or conscious memory, actively processed while new information is being taken in |
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Term
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Definition
| Houses all previous perceptions and information learned by an individual, but is not a static file system used only for information retrieval. |
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Term
| Two Major Influences on Sensory Memory |
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Definition
1. Attention: Focus on a stimulus while consciously trying to ignore other stimuli
2. Automaticity: When tasks become habitual, attention requirements are minimal |
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Term
| Three Models of Pattern Recognition |
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Definition
1. Template Matching: There are exact representations of previous stimuli trapped in the mind. Pattern recognition occurs by matching input with a specific specimen in memory.
2. Prototype: Stored unit is a generalized or abstracted form of the knowledge unit and pattern recognition is based on a comparison of the input to the prototype.
3. Feature Analysis: Incoming information is judged based on characteristic rather than a whole idea. |
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Term
| Three Ways in which Retention Occurs |
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Definition
1. Assimilation: A stimulus can be an almost exact match with existing structures. Simply added to mental representation, no change made.
2. Accommodation: New stimulus does not exactly match the existing structure, structure is adapted.
3. If the new stimulus were vastly different from any existing structure, a totally new one would be created |
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Term
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Definition
| Memory is not three-staged, stimulus information is processed at multiple levels simultaneously. |
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Term
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Definition
| Encoding occurs during the initial processing of a stimulus or event |
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Term
| Structuring and Organizing Information |
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Definition
| Structuring and organizing information occurs as the learner processes and stores information |
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