Term
| A conservation buffer is designed to accomplish which of the following goals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Under the Conservation Reserve Plan (CRP), producers: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Seed that are viable (alive) may fail to germinate when planted. Failure of this seed to germinate may be caused by: |
|
Definition
| hard seed coat or dormancy |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following crop species are primarily cross pollinated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Application of nitrogen to legume forage crops such as alfalfa and red clover is not recommended since: |
|
Definition
| with the help of bacteria, these crops can fix atmospheric nitrogen |
|
|
Term
| You have a bunker silo that will hold 400 tons of wet corn silage packed at an average density. If you anticipate corn silage yields of 5 tons per acre of dry matter (harvested at 35% dry matter), how many acres of corn will you need to plant in order to fill your bunker silo at harvest? Round your answer to the nearest whole number. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Johnsongrass is a serious weed problem in crops such as corn and sugarcane because: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Your cousin, who lives in southern Illinois, has a new job selling seed corn. He has four varieties that he thinks you should try. Varieties A and B are 120 day corn, variety C is a 100 day corn and variety D is a 95 day corn. According to his yield trial data, variety A yields more than variety B, but does not dry down as fast. Both A and B yield much more than variety C or D. Variety D out yields variety C. Since you do not trust your cousin, you don't want to buy any seed from him. However, he agrees to give you a free bag of seed to try of one variety, but not of all four. Which variety would you try? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Each year, millions of acres of winter wheat in the central Plains of the US are utilized as a dual purpose crop (forage and grain). The wheat is grazed early in the growing season and cattle are subsequently removed. In order to get a grain crop, the livestock must be removed before: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first mechanical seed drill was invented in 1730 by: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Your neighbor had a field sprayed about two weeks ago while it was windy. Over the period your lawn and flowers started turning yellow and died. Your shrubs also have some die back. Which of the following herbicide modes of action most likely caused this damage? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following species is a monocot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Legumes can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere. Which of the following is a legume? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is considered a secondary nutrient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which soil texture tends to have the highest Cation Exchange Capacity range? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At which stage does corn require the most water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your soil test recommends 190 pounds of nitrogen per acre applied to your 22 acre rice field. How much urea (46-0-0) do you need to apply to meet the recommendation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following pesticide formulations is most damaging to spray equipment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most important concept when applying pesticides? |
|
Definition
| Read and follow the label |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is most toxic? |
|
Definition
| An insecticide with an LD of 700 |
|
|
Term
| Generally, which nutrient deficiency causes tissues to turn yellow at a pH above 7.2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following nutrients is most mobile in soil solution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following soil types would have the highest organic matter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You are applying Aatrex 4E at a rate of 1 quart per acre using 10 gallons of water per acre of application. You are traveling at 4.5 MPH, the nozzles are 20 inches apart, and your boom length is 90 feet. How much Aatrex and water would you need for an 8 acre field? |
|
Definition
| 2 gallons of Aatrex and 80 gallons of water |
|
|
Term
| On what part of the plant does a bollworm feed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following groups of essential elements are classified as micronutrients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Maganese is essential to a crop plant for which of the following reasons? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plants grown on alkaline soils can suffer ill effects from: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pesticide is most likely to move offsite if it has which of the following characteristics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To raise the potassium level of the soil in your field from 130 to 150 you would probably want to spread _______ on your field. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pesticide that can only be handled and applied by a certified applicator is called a ______ use pesticide. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Soil herbicides that exhibit differential selectivity are generally based on what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You are applying 2,4-D and it is important that you minimize spray drift. Which of the following nozzle types would be the WORST choice to use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A "transgenic" crop is any plant that: |
|
Definition
| has one or more foreign genes inserted via molecular techniques |
|
|
Term
| What plant characteristics should NOT be a primary consideration when selecting a cultivar for planting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Farmer Sarah has a half section of dryland wheat in western Kansas. She has her wheat custom harvested and is quoted a cost of $11 per acre plus $0.21 per bushel Sarah expects a yield of 45 bushels per acre. What are her total harvest costs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many acres are there in a rectangular parcel of land that measures 900 feet long and 620 feet wide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Grassy weeds can be identified based on morphological traits such as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plant pathogens consist of four main groups. They are: |
|
Definition
| viruses, fungi, bacteria, and nematodes |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following diseases are bacteria most likely to cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tiny little parasitic worms |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following would be an advantage of increased organic matter? |
|
Definition
| all of these are advantages |
|
|
Term
| Generally, which of the following nutrient deficiencies causes interveinal chlorosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following crops uses the most nitrogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Liebig's 1840 "Law of the Minimum" stated that: |
|
Definition
| the least available nutrient will limit yield |
|
|
Term
| Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) affects which of the following crops? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The fertilizer recommendations that a farmer receives with the soil test results typically vary the most with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You are planting 35 acres of pinto beans. You want to plant 60 pounds of viable seed per acre. The seed you purchased is 95% pure with a germination of 93%. How many actual pounds must you plant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following tillage systems and residues would provide the most water infiltration 1 hour after a rain? |
|
Definition
| no tillage, 80% residue cover |
|
|
Term
| How many pound of alfalfa are in a 50 pound bale of alfalfa hay? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a micro-nutrient that would cause the leaves to appear somewhat striped when the pH is high and it becomes deficient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following activities is most apt to result in a long-term soil pH increase? |
|
Definition
| irrigation with water containing high levels of salt |
|
|
Term
| A corn producer wants to apply a total of 300 pounds of nitrogen per acre on his corn field. He has spread 10 tons per acre of dry manure with an average analysis of 15 pounds of nitrogen per ton. How many additional pound of nitrogen must he apply? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following nutrients is most mobile in the plant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The loam soil textural group contains many subdivisions. An ideal loam may be defined as: |
|
Definition
| a mixture of sand, silt, and clay particles that exhibits light and heavy properties in about equal proportions |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following soil types would require the greatest amount of lime to bring up a low pH condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The highest concentration of phosphorus in a plant is usually found in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Given that the atomic weight of phosphorus is 31 and oxygen is 16, what is the percentage of phosphorus in 100 pounds of P₂O₅? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio in soil is important for at least two reasons. First, competition for available nitrogen results when residues having a high C/N ratio are added to soils. Second, because this ratio is relatively constant in solids, the maintenance of carbon (and hence soil organic matter) is largely dependent on: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You are with a non-FFA friend at a local home and garden supply store and you pass through the fertilizer aisle. Your friend notices that all of the bags have three numbers on them, each separated by a hyphen. Your friend also notices a bag that has a very high first number and much lower second and third numbers. You explain to your friend that this designation means that the fertilizer: |
|
Definition
| has a high nitrogen content and is probably intended for lawn application |
|
|
Term
| You have a rice field that measures 1350 ft. by 1452 ft. Your soil test recommends that you apply 100 pounds of nitrogen per acre to this field. How much urea (46-0-0) do you need to apply to this field to meet the recommendations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the biochemical oxidation of ammonium to nitrate |
|
|
Term
| Which nutrient must be applied, if deficient, for all grain crops? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When using the Feekes Scale for staging wheat growth, to what does stage 10 refer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In corn production, R1 refers to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phosphorus is essential to a crop plant for which of the following reasons? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypogeal seedling emergence is characteristic of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Photosynthesis is the process whereby plants convert solar energy into chemical energy. This process consists of a "dark" reaction and a "light" reaction. The "dark" reaction refers to: |
|
Definition
| synthesis of glucose from CO₂ and H₂ |
|
|
Term
| Vernalization is a common requirement for temperate climate species before reproduction can occur. This term refers to: |
|
Definition
| cold treatment of a plant or a seed |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following plants is a dicotyledonous (2 sets of chromosomes) species in the botanical family Gramineae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do some plants not re-grow after they are cut? |
|
Definition
| they are annuals and determinant |
|
|
Term
| Parallel venation in a plant leaf would be characteristic of which of the following plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following plant diseases is caused by a virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following diseases are viruses most likely to cause? |
|
Definition
| Tobacco Mosaic (TMV), Tomato Spotted Wilt (TSWV) |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following insects is considered a beneficial or predatory insect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following factors in seed germination are NOT enzymatically controlled? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Over 50% of the world's food supply comes from three crop sources. They are: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A bushel of corn at 15.5% moisture weighs 56 pounds. How much does a bushel of corn weigh at 19% moisture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The main purpose of flooding a rice field is to control weeds. However, deep water can negatively impact rice production. How? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is a sugarcane field established? |
|
Definition
| It is planted using sugarcane stem pieces called brillets |
|
|
Term
| If the recommended seeding rate for wheat is 13 to 21 seeds per foot within a 7 inch row, what would happen if the rate was increased to 50 seeds per food within a 7 inch row? |
|
Definition
| disease and lodging would increase |
|
|
Term
| How many acres are there in a rectangular parcel of land that measures 800 feet long and 620 feet wide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tools does the USDA use to detect and monitor a new crop disease problem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of these conditions favor the spread of a new disease from South America into the US, such as Soybean Asian Rust? |
|
Definition
| large tropical storms and hot, humid weather |
|
|
Term
| Your broadleaf plants exhibit cupping of the leaves and epinasty. Which of the following herbicide types would most likely cause such injury? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You are applying Banvel 4F at a rate of 1/2 pint per acre using 20 gallons of water per acre of application. You are traveling at 4.5 MPH. The nozzles are 20 inches apart. What is the output for each nozzle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pesticide is most likely to pollute groundwater if it has which of the following characteristics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Looking at an Atrazine 4F label, what does the F stand for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You are applying Prowl 3.3EC at a rate of 2 pints per acre using 20 gallons of water per acre of application. You are traveling at 4.5 MPH. The field size is 1000 feet by 1089 feet. The nozzles are 20 inches apart. How much herbicide and water will you need to treat the field? |
|
Definition
| 6.25 gallons of Prowl and 500 gallons of water |
|
|
Term
| A Colorado producer has a center pivot sprinkler irrigating 200 acres of pinto beans. To control weeds, he will chemigate 4.2 ounces of herbicide per acre on his field. How many gallons of herbicide must he use to do this application? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Conservation programs, such as CRP (Conservation Reserve Program) and EQIP (Environmental Quality Incentives Program) are administered by which of the following governmental agencies? |
|
Definition
| National Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) |
|
|
Term
| USDA defines "Highly Erodible Land" (HEL) as land having an erodibility index (EI) of 8 or more. This EI is a ratio of the inherent erodibility of a soil to the soil loss tolerance. The soil loss tolerance, or "T" value, is: |
|
Definition
| an estimate of the rate of soil erosion that can occur on a given soil without significant long-term productivity loss |
|
|
Term
| Generally, which nutrient deficiency causes tissues to turn purple? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following groups of essential elements are classified as primary? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A local farmer wants to apply a total of 200 pounds of nitrogen per acre on his corn field. He has spread 9 tons per acre of dry manure with an average analysis of 10 pounds of nitrogen per ton. How many additional pounds of nitrogen must he apply? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The smallest particle in soil is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following would be a disadvantage for applying manure to a field? |
|
Definition
| potential nitrogen runoff |
|
|
Term
| Fertilizers are chemical compounds. The ratio of elements in a particular fertilizer (chemical) can be easily calculated by knowing the weight of the individual components. Given that the atomic weight of potassium is 39.1 (and you have two of these!) and oxygen is 16, what is the percentage of potassium in 200 pounds of K₂O? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A soil is classified as "acidic" if the pH is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The primary source of error from a soil test is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A fertilizer is being advertised as an all purpose 13-13-13. What does the 13-13-13 indicate? |
|
Definition
| 13% nitrogen, 13% phosphorus, 13% potassium |
|
|
Term
| Giberellins used as a plant growth regulator |
|
Definition
| intensify enzyme production and stimulate cell growth |
|
|
Term
| What part of a plant cell contains non-nuclear DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In soybean growth staging, which of the following refers to full bloom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As a rice, wheat, or other grain crop plant emerges through the soil surface, the primary leaf or plumate is protected by the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The vascular tissue in a crop plant that conducts nutrients is the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| with pods forming at the end of pegs below ground |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a warm season (C4) grass? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do some forage plants not re-grow after they are cut? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The leaf blade of a grass plant is attached to a leaf sheath, which in turn attaches to the stem of the plant at the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phototropism is caused by plant hormones that cause a plant to: |
|
Definition
| lean toward a light source |
|
|
Term
| An example of a biological pesticide is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two insecticides that can inhibit the important enzyme cholinesterase, resulting in rapid twitching and paralysis? |
|
Definition
| organophosphates and carbonates |
|
|
Term
| Always read the label of a pesticide at least: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The proper mixing order for pesticides is: |
|
Definition
| wettable powders - dispersible granules - emulsifiable concentrates - surfactants |
|
|
Term
| The weeds in your field are turning white. Which of the following herbicide types would most likely cause such injury? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following statements appears in some form on every pesticide label? |
|
Definition
| Keep out of reach of children |
|
|
Term
| If you wanted to make a banded herbicide application that would apply an equal amount of herbicide over the banded area, you would use what type of nozzle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The large phylum Arthropoda includes: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pink bollworms damage cotton by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following soybean disorders is caused by a microscopic pathogenic roundworm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following insects is necessary for pollinating cucumbers, squash, watermelon, and cantaloupe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following insects is best describes as a beetle with copper colored wings and a jade green head? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following weeds contains compounds (alkaloids) that are toxic to animals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following pathogens would cause a mottled or mosaic effect in leaf tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Earliest planting date for a crop species is determined by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main purpose for flooding rice during production? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A friend wants to plant his 125 acre corn field with a population of 32,000 plants per acre. The seed he will purchase has 80,000 kernels per bag. The germination rate is 99%. How many bags of seed does he need to purchase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An accurate estimate of a plant population per acre can be obtained by counting the number of plants in a length of row equal to one-thousandth (1/1000) of an acre. How many feet equals one one-thousandth of an acre based on 30 inch row spacing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the highest acceptable moisture content for long term storage of corn for grain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You are purchasing hay and have a choice between two lots of alfalfa hay that are equal in quality and both are selling for $150 a ton. There is only one difference: lot A is 10% moisture and lot B is 15% moisture. What is the actual price per ton of dry matter for each lot of hay? Round to the nearest dollar. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You have planted 100 acres of winter wheat, and you realize that the price of cattle is pretty good and the price of wheat is uncertain. So, you decide to contract graze some stocker cattle on your wheat. You can graze their cattle for approximately 42 days from about mid-February until April 1st (you need to remove the cattle by the first hollow stem since you want to retain the option of a grain harvest). You estimate that you can safely remove 1500 lbs/acre of forage (on a dry basis) over the 42 day period (about 35 lbs per acre per day). Animals are expected to gain 2 lbs per day. Average animal forage intake is 3% of body weight per day (dry forage). How many 500 lb steers should you contract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You have planted your corn along the river in a field that is very heavy clay. Right after planting, you received a heavy rain and the soil crusted badly. You are worried about your corn being able to emerge through the hard crust. What can you do about this situation? |
|
Definition
| borrow your neighbor's rotary hoe (and use it on this field) |
|
|
Term
| Generally, which nutrient deficiency causes grass leaves to have yellow margins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following groups of essential elements are classified as secondary? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A local farmer wants to apply a total of 190 pounds of nitrogen per acre on his rice field. He has spread 8 tons per acre of dry manure with an average analysis of 10 pounds of nitrogen per ton. How many additional pounds of nitrogen must he apply? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The largest particle in soil is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A limitation of a no-till cropping system is: |
|
Definition
| certain crop disorders may be more of a problem |
|
|
Term
| A soil is classified as "alkaline" if it has a pH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The forms of nitrogen available for plant use are: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A soils cation exchange capacity or CEC is determined by its organic matter content and the amount of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vernalization is a process some plants require to flower and produce seed. This process involves exposure to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sweet corn hybrid XYZ is ready for picking at 82 days in Fairfield, Michigan, but it takes 102 days for the same sweet corn to be ready in Fairfield, Washington. The best explanation for this is difference in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In corn production, VT refers to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Geotropism is caused by plant hormones that cause a plant to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following crops is a dicot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In small grain production (rice, wheat, rye, barley, or oats), jointing refers to which of the following? |
|
Definition
| the first node is visible (Feekes stage 6) |
|
|
Term
| What role does Nitrogen play in a plant? |
|
Definition
| Used for synthesis of proteins |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following crops uses the most nitrogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drought has a severe impact on yield of most grain crops during: |
|
Definition
| flowering, reproductive stages |
|
|
Term
| Why would you add a surfactant to a pesticide for application? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The broadleaf weeds in your sorghum field are showing cupped leaves and epinasty. Which of the following herbicide types would most likely cause such injury? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The selectivity of a herbicide if a measure of the: |
|
Definition
| species of weeds it will kill or control |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following measures can be used to prevent herbicide resistance from developing in your crops? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You are applying Banvel 4EC at a rate of 2 pints per acre using 20 gallons of water per acre of application. You are traveling at 5.0 MPH. The field size is 1500 ft. x 1089 ft. The nozzles are 30 inches apart. How much herbicide and water will you need to treat the field? |
|
Definition
| 9.3 gallons of Banvel and 750 gallons of water |
|
|
Term
| The reason for adding liquid fertilizer solution to pesticide applications is to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a common class of herbicides used at very low rates (less than 1 oz/acre) in cereal crops? |
|
Definition
| Sulfonylurea (SU) "amino acid inhibitor" |
|
|
Term
| Foliar applied herbicides that exhibit differential selectivity are generally based upon what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following diseases contain certain compounds (alkaloids) that are toxic to animals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stewarts wilt (Pantoea stewartii) on sweet corn is caused by a(n): |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Powdery mildew can be controlled by using which of the following types of crop protection product(s)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following insects is considered a beneficial or predatory insect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With a systemic insecticide the insect may be killed by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The grain that you had stored is full of holes. Which of the following insects most likely caused this damage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following insects is best describes as a yellow beetle with black stripes and a black triangle directly behind the head? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following insects serves as a vector for Stewart's wilt on sweet corn? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following pathogens would cause a streaming or water-soaked effect in leaf tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following insects has a gel-like body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Green manuring is a process of: |
|
Definition
| growing a crop and plowing it under before planting the next crop |
|
|
Term
| You are planting a field of pinto beans 1000' x 697'. The seed you purchase is 98% pure and has a germination rate of 94%. You want to plant 60 pounds of viable seed per acre. How many actual bags of seed should you buy? The seed comes in 50 pound bags. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An agrichemical has been spilled on the same site year after year and has ended up in ground waster. This situation would be termed: |
|
Definition
| a point source contamination problem |
|
|
Term
| You are spraying a field at 6 MPH. Your nozzle output is 0.45 GPM. The nozzles are 35 inches apart. How much spray mixture do you need per acre? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You are estimating the plant population for your peanut field. In 17 feet 5 inches you counted 25 plants. What is your average plant population per acre? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You have a center pivot irrigating 148 acres of tomatoes. To control weeds, you will chemigate 4.5 ounces of herbicide per acre on this field. How many gallons of herbicide must you use for this application? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You have a half section of dryland wheat in western Kansas. You have your wheat custom harvested and are quoted a cost of $15 per acre plus $0.25 per bushel. You expect yield of 48 bushels per acre. What are your harvest costs per acre? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| If a soil test indicates that your field is low in phosphorus and potassium, the fertilizer recommendation might suggest that you: |
|
Definition
| use more fertilizer than crop removal to build the soil test in the low test areas |
|
|
Term
| You are deciding on nitrogen fertilizer for your 128 acre sorghum field. The soil test recommendation is for 195 pounds of nitrogen per acre. Which of the following options is most economical? You have all the needed equipment for application. |
|
Definition
| anhydrous ammonia (82-0-0) at $425 per ton |
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|
Term
| Prolonged applications of animal manure or biosolids can result in a build up of which of these nutrients? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Mary Hill owns a wheat farm in Kansas. The soil tests show she needs to apply 45 lbs. of nitrogen per acre to meet her crop goals. She has decided to apply anhydrous ammonia which contains approximately 82% nitrogen to her half section (320 acres) which will be in crop. If anhydrous ammonia costs $0.62 per pound, what will it cost her to fertilize? (Round to two decimal points.) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Your rice plant has yellow lower leaves. The newer leaves appear greed. The immediate leaves show yellowing from the tip down to the midvein. Which nutrient deficiency likely caused this damage? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which of the following crops consumes the most nitrogen, whether as commercial fertilizer or biologically fixed nitrogen? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following soil components has the largest surface area per cubic foot of soil? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following soil types would have the highest Cation Exchange Capacity? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which of the following is not a micronutrient needed for plant growth? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The endosperm is _______ to an emerging seed. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In corn production, VE refers to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first true leaves of a soybean plant are: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following species has a spiked inflorescence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following weed species is a biennial? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In small grain production (rice, wheat, rye, barley, or oats), which of the following leaves is most important to grain fill? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What role does phosphorus play in a plant? |
|
Definition
| It is used for energy storage and transfer |
|
|
Term
| On a grass plant, which part is a clasp-like structure located where the blade attaches to the stem? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following structures would be considered an underground stem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Certain genetic lines of corn, soybeans, and cotton have been genetically modified to be tolerant to what commonly used herbicide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The broadleaf weeds in your corn field are showing a white coloration. Which of the following herbicide types would most likely cause such injury? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The movement of pesticides downward through the soil to the water table is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of the best ways to avoid herbicide resistance from occurring is to: |
|
Definition
| Use herbicides with different modes of action to control weeds |
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|
Term
| Looking at the Accent 4DF label, what does the DF stand for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Paraquat is a contact herbicide extensively used in many cropping systems. This material is not effective against perennial weeds such as ________. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| You are doing a banding application of a pesticide. Your band width is 12 inches. Your nozzles are 35 inches apart. Your speed is 4.5 MPH. You are using 12 gallons per acre. What is your nozzle output? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Barley yellow dwarf is caused by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your oat crop has a black growth where the seed should be. This blows in the wind. This disease is probably caused by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Johnsongrass is a serious weed problem in most states due to its spread by both seed and rhizome. Which of these methods would best control this weed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wheat flour that came from storage has small black insects in it. Which of the following insects is most likely to be the problem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This disease spreads by water splash and causes problems with water uptake in the plant as it grows in the vascular tissue. The cause is most likely a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following weeds would most likely be controlled by a lipid synthesis inhibitor herbicide such as Poast? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Of the beetles listed, which is the smallest? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Environmental concerns require farmers to recognize the danger of excessive nitrogen (N) application rates. What form of applied commercial N or form of N resulting from soil organisms altering applied N and manure is most subject to leaching loss from soil? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| You are planting a field of red kidney beans 1000' x 697'. The seed you purchase is 99% pure and has a germination rate of 92%. You want to plant 60 pounds of viable seed (PLS) per acre. How many actual bags of seed should you buy? The seed comes in 50 pound bags. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| You are spraying a field at 7 MPH. Your nozzle output is 0.32 GPM. The nozzles are 32 inches apart. How much spray mixture do you need per acre? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The PSNT (Pre-sidedress nitrogen test) is used when corn is at what stage of growth to estimate the soil's potential for mineralizing N from organic sources in the soil? |
|
Definition
| When the corn is about 12 to 14 inches tall and about to enter its rapid growth phase |
|
|
Term
| Mass flow uptake of nutrients is increased by all but which of the following factors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The water pH of a soil is an accurate measure of what? |
|
Definition
| The concentration of hydrogen ions in the soil solution |
|
|
Term
| In certified organic operations, which of the following fertilizers can be used on acid soils and still provide P for crop uptake? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| By cutting alfalfa too late in the fall, the farmer will: |
|
Definition
| Weaken the stand next spring or reduce yields next spring |
|
|
Term
| Over repeated applications biosolids and animal manures can cause a buildup of ____________ in the soil. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Steve Miller owns a vegetable farm in California. The soil tests show he needs to apply 120 lbs. of nitrogen per acre to meet his yield goal for sweet corn. He has decided to apply urea which contains approximately 46% nitrogen to his half section (320 acres) which will be in crop. If urea costs $.39 per pound, what will it cost him for fertilizer? (round to two decimal points) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Your cucumber crop is showing chlorosis starting with the leaf margins of the older leaves. Which of the following nutrients most likely is deficient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not a primary nutrient for plant growth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A soil is classified as “acid” if it has a pH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your soil has a pH of 7.5. You need to lower it to 7.0. What can you do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following components of soil would have the least surface area per cubic foot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following nutrients is considered a micronutrient needed for plant growth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not a liming material? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following crops would require the most phosphorus during the growing season? |
|
Definition
| Alfalfa – 6 dry tons per acre |
|
|
Term
| In corn production, VT refers to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following species is a simple perennial? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first true leaves on a soybean plant are __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A soybean plant has the top of the plant eaten by a ground hog. The plant recovers and continues to grow. What part of the plant makes this possible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What role does Nitrogen play in a plant? |
|
Definition
| It is a major component of chlorophyll. |
|
|
Term
| In small grain production (rice, wheat, rye, barley or oats), which of the following leaves is most important to grain fill? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following has a spiked inflorescence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| On a grass plant which part is a membranous or hairy structure located where the blade attaches to the stem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In small grain production jointing occurs at __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The part of the seed that becomes the first root is called the ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following statements appears on all pesticide labels? |
|
Definition
| Keep out of reach of children. |
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|
Term
| All of the weeds in the field are turning yellow (chlorotic) about ten days after application. Which of the following herbicide types most likely caused these symptoms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contact cell membrane disrupter herbicides like Gramoxone Extra are used for harvest aids and weed control in many cropping systems. Which of the following weeds would most likely not be controlled by these herbicides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When looking at a label for Banvel 4F, what does the F stand for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the best way to avoid herbicide resistance? |
|
Definition
| Rotate crops using different herbicide families. |
|
|
Term
| The movement of pesticides through air currents from the application site is called ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You are doing an application of Balance Pro prior to planting your corn crop. Your nozzles are 36 inches apart. Your speed is 5.0 MPH. You are applying 15 gallons of spray per acre. What is your nozzle output? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A thick, waxy plant cuticle: |
|
Definition
| increases the amount of herbicide needed |
|
|
Term
| Rainfall or irrigation is needed after a preemergence herbicide application to: |
|
Definition
| move the herbicide into the weed germination zone |
|
|
Term
| Certain genetic lines of corn, soybeans and cotton have been genetically modified to be tolerant to what commonly used herbicide: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ergot, a disease of cereal grains, may have been responsible for the Salem Witch Trials. It forms black sclerotia that overwinter. This is caused by what agent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Canada thistle is a problem weed that spreads by creeping roots. Which of these methods would best control this weed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following insects is considered beneficial or predatory? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your tobacco leaves look mottled and twisted. Nothing has been sprayed in the area. What is the most likely cause listed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why would you add a surfactant to a pesticide for application? |
|
Definition
| All of the answers listed |
|
|
Term
| With a systemic insecticide the insect may be killed by: |
|
Definition
| Ingesting a portion of the plant; Contact with the insecticide from spraying the field |
|
|
Term
| Stewarts wilt (Pantoea stewartii) on sweet corn is caused by a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following pathogens would cause a streaming or water-soaked effect in leaf tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two insecticides that can inhibit the important enzyme cholinesterase, resulting in rapid twitching and paralysis? |
|
Definition
| Organophosphates and carbamates |
|
|
Term
| Johnsongrass is a serious weed problem in crops such as corn and sugarcane because |
|
Definition
| All of the answers listed |
|
|
Term
| What tools does the USDA use to detect and monitor a new crop disease problem such as Asian soybean rust? |
|
Definition
| All of the answers listed |
|
|
Term
| Your tomatoes are planted in 30 inch rows. In 17 ft. 5 in. of row length you count 21 plants. What is your estimated plant population per acre? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Earliest planting date for a crop species is determined by . . . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A friend wants to plant his 55 acre lettuce field with a population of 26,000 plants per acre. The recommended seeding rate for the selected variety is 7 pounds per acre. The germination rate is 98%. How many pounds of seed does he need to plant to cover the field? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the recommended seeding rate for oats is 13 to 21 seeds per foot within a 7 inch row, what would happen if the rate was increased to 58 seeds per foot within a 7 inch row? |
|
Definition
| Disease and lodging would increase |
|
|
Term
| An agrichemical has been spilled on the same site year after year and has ended up in ground water. This situation would be termed: |
|
Definition
| A point source contamination problem |
|
|
Term
| You are planting a field of pinto beans 1200’ X 797’. The seed you purchase is 98% pure and has a germination rate of 94%. You want to plant 60 pounds of viable seed per acre. How many actual bags of seed should you buy? The seed comes in 50 pound bags. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Green manuring is a process of: |
|
Definition
| Growing a crop and plowing it under before planting the next crop |
|
|
Term
| Depth of fertility soil sampling should: |
|
Definition
| Reflect depth of tillage and crop characteristics |
|
|
Term
| Mg, magnesium, is an important element that may have to be added to soils to prevent which of the following conditions in ruminant animals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A biennial weed will live for ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The major casual agent of plant disease is ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A nematode is a type of ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A type of regulatory control is ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The control practice that relies on the introduction of parasites and predators is ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A threshold level is also known as the ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pesticide used to control diseases is a/an ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An example of an inorganic pesticide is ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The total amount of pesticides used annually in the United States is ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A preemergence herbicide is applied ________. |
|
Definition
| before the weed or crop is present |
|
|
Term
| Which herbicide family inhibits photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An example of botanical insecticide is ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pesticide registration often takes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pesticide risk can be decreased by ________. |
|
Definition
| all of the answers listed |
|
|
Term
| The signal word(s) for a highly toxic pesticide is ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An example of protective clothing or gear that will minimize inhalation of a pesticide is ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The number of lethal pesticide poisoning cases per year is ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The primary function of the root is to ________. |
|
Definition
| anchor the plant and supply water and nutrients |
|
|
Term
| The portion of the root that takes in the water and plant nutrients is the ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The major types of root systems are ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The area of cell division is ________. |
|
Definition
| responsible for the production of new cells on the tip of the root |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carries the manufactured food from the leaves to the roots |
|
|
Term
| Herbaceous stems ________. |
|
Definition
| are green and are not winter hardy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the part of the stem where the leaf is attached |
|
|
Term
| The study of functions and the complex chemical processes that allow plants to grow is known as ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chlorophyll is important in plants because it ________. |
|
Definition
| is also known as the chloroplasts |
|
|
Term
| The rate at which photosynthesis is carried out depends on ________. |
|
Definition
| the light intensity, temperature, and concentration of carbon dioxide |
|
|
Term
| Photosynthesis will work best in which temperature range? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses food for plant energy |
|
|
Term
| Plant nutrition is ________. |
|
Definition
| use of basic chemical elements in the plant |
|
|
Term
| Moderate and frequent irrigation would normally be most appropriate for a corn crop growing in a |
|
Definition
| light-textured soil, such as a loamy sand |
|
|
Term
| Nitrogen deficiency is first detected in the older leaves because |
|
Definition
| nitrogen is a mobile element |
|
|
Term
| Soil sampling should not be conducted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Band applications of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K): |
|
Definition
| concentrate nutrients for rapid growth |
|
|
Term
| A nutrient has greater potential to move into groundwater on a soil with: |
|
Definition
| high sand content, such as a sandy soil |
|
|
Term
| Phosphorus will not move a great deal in soil because: |
|
Definition
| it is an anion and reacts with calcium, iron, aluminum and clay surfaces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acidity or alkalinity in soil |
|
|
Term
| Depth of fertility soil sampling should: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Potassium is held in soil: |
|
Definition
| by binding to electrical charges on/in minerals and clays |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following should be considered when crediting nitrogen from animal waste? |
|
Definition
| the type of animal producing the waste |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following crops would use the most nitrogen during the growing season? |
|
Definition
| alfalfa – 6 dry tons per acre |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following stages of wheat growth comes first in the development of a wheat plant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following species is a biennial? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a V2 sweet corn plant has the top eaten by a deer, how does it continue to grow? |
|
Definition
| growing point was below ground |
|
|
Term
| What role do rhizobia bacteria play in white clover plant development? |
|
Definition
| fix nitrogen from the air and make it available to the plant. |
|
|
Term
| What role does nitrogen play in a plant? |
|
Definition
| it is a major component of chlorophyll. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following has a panicle inflorescence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| On a grass plant which part is the clasping part that holds the leaf to the stem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In corn production at which growth stage does the plant need the most water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The part of the seed that is food for the embryo is called the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your tomato plants are twisting toward the ground and dying. Which of these type of herbicides most likely caused this damage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When looking at the Counter 5G label, for what does the G stand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You are doing an application of Balance Pro prior to planting your corn crop. Your nozzles are 40 inches apart. Your speed is 5.0 MPH. You are applying 10 gallons of spray per acre. What is your nozzle output? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A herbicide application made before the crop or weeds emerges is: |
|
Definition
| a preemergence application |
|
|
Term
| Rainfall is needed after a preemergence application to: |
|
Definition
| move the herbicide into the weed germination zone |
|
|
Term
| Certain genetic lines of corn and soybeans have been genetically modified to be tolerant to what commonly used herbicide: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The reason for adding liquid fertilizer solution to pesticide applications is to: |
|
Definition
| All of the answers listed |
|
|
Term
| You are doing a banding application of a pesticide to your onions. Your band width is 12 inches. Your nozzles are 34 inches apart. Your speed is 5.0 MPH. You are using 10 gallons per acre. What is your nozzle output? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Weeds such as nightshade are hard to control in crops like tomato because: |
|
Definition
| they are in the same family. |
|
|
Term
| Corn mushroom (smut) is considered a delicacy in some cultures. What causes this disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Johnsongrass is a problem weed that spreads by rhizomes. Which of these methods would best control this weed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following weeds contains alkaloids that can cause hallucinations or death if ingested? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Barley yellow dwarf is caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following insects is naturally pollinates crops such as cucumber, watermelon, and cantaloupe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wheat flour that came from storage has small black insects in it. Which of the following insect is most likely to be the problem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This disease spreads by water splash and causes problems with water uptake in the plant as it grows in the vascular tissue. The cause is most likely a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following insects has a gel-like body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following insects serves as a vector for Stewart’s wilt on sweet corn? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You are called by your neighbor to look at his cucumbers. The foliage is covered with white spots. With close inspection the spots appear powdery. Which of the following most likely caused the problem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Weeds are a problem year after year because: |
|
Definition
| the seed can be dormant in the soil |
|
|
Term
| A recognizable compaction layer in a field is often called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jessie is fertilizing her horse pasture with a 12’ spreader She has marked the tire on the spreader and has found that by turning the tire one revolution she travels 5’. Next she borrows a pan from the fertilizer dealer and attaches it to the spreader to measure the amount of fertilizer dropped by the spreader. She pulls the spreader with her tractor so the tire on the spreader turns a total of 6 revolutions. She then weighs the fertilizer. ¾ pound of fertilizer was collected. At this rate how much is she applying per acre to her pasture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A friend wants to plant his 45 acre lettuce field with a population of 28,000 plants per acre. The recommended seeding rate for the selected variety is 7.5 pounds per acre. The germination rate is 97.8%. How many pounds of seed does he need to plant to cover the field? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moves throughout the plant |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a way to prevent pesticide resistance? |
|
Definition
| rotate pesticides with different moves of action |
|
|
Term
| Your soil test recommends 85 pounds of nitrogen per acre applied to your 75 acre canola oilseed crop. How much 36-0-0 do you need to apply per acre to meet the recommendation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cropping systems can modify soil structure by: |
|
Definition
| All of the answers listed |
|
|
Term
| Most soil compaction results from: |
|
Definition
| driving on or tilling wet ground |
|
|
Term
| Reduced root growth and poor water and nutrient uptake may indicate: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the make up of soil particles; usually viewed as a percent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of converting nitrogen gas into nitrogen usable by plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Material from which a soil is formed, determines composition and properties of the soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a specific layer or stratum of soil or subsoil in a vertical cross section of land |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sediment and rocks deposited from a glacier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any of various pale or ashy mosses of the genus Sphagnum whose decomposed remains form peat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an area of waterlogged soil that tends to be peaty; fed mainly by precipitation; low productivity; some bogs are acidic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| components that achieve one or more purposes of a fertilizer mixture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the solid layer of rock beneath the soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a change or addition to soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the smallest soil particle that is plastic when moist but hard when dried |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contains all primary plant nutrients (N,P,K) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of gravity deposit - materials fall and move down steep slopes by gravitational forces. Unsorted materials contain angular rock fragments with source rock in close proximity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| weathered rock components in soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| soil deposited around lakes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| medium-textured soil; contain equal parts of sand, silt and clay |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a technique of growing plants (without soil) in water containing dissolved nutrients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all materials that can support plant life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spraying fertilizer directly onto plant leaves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measure of how acidic or basic a solution is, ranging in a scale from 0 to 14 |
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Term
|
Definition
| growing plants with roots suspended in air while being misted regularly with a nutrient solution |
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Term
|
Definition
| using sand, gravel or marbles to support plant roots |
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Term
|
Definition
| soils deposited by streams or rivers |
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Term
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Definition
| windblown deposits of fine-grained sediments |
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Term
|
Definition
| penetrable; porous; allowing liquids or gas to pass through |
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Term
|
Definition
| a vertical section of the Earth's crust showing the different horizons or layers |
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Term
|
Definition
| another name for soil aggregates |
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Term
| Water culture, solution culture, or nuticulture |
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Definition
| growing plants with roots immersed in water containing dissolved nutrients |
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Term
|
Definition
| a specific material that supports plant life |
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Term
|
Definition
| the second smallest soil particle that is slick on your fingers when wet and powdery when dried |
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Term
|
Definition
| a layer of soil beneath the topsoil that has lower organic content and higher concentrations of fine mineral particles; often contains soluble compounds and clay particles carried down by percolating water |
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Term
|
Definition
| the uppermost layer of soil suitable for plant growth |
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Term
|
Definition
| proportions of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| the downward movement of water through soil and rock due to gravity |
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Term
|
Definition
| broken down or disintegrated by rot |
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Term
|
Definition
| a chemical used for water absorption and adding aeration to soil |
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Term
|
Definition
| mixing fertilizer into soil |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| soil composed mainly of decaying leaves |
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Term
|
Definition
| diluted mixture of fertilizer used when plants are transplanted |
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Term
|
Definition
| sponge rock, water absorption, coarse, drainage, can only hold its weight by volume |
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Term
| Band application of fertilizers |
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Definition
| places fertilizers about 2 in. to one side of and slightly below the seed |
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Term
|
Definition
| spreading evenly over the entire surface |
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Term
|
Definition
| pH values below 7 (sour soil) |
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Term
|
Definition
| soil amendment used to reduce the alkalinity of soils |
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Term
| Continuous-flow hydroponic systems |
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Definition
| growing plants with a nutrient solution constantly flowing over plant roots |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| (of farmland) capable of being farmed productively |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| special compounds containing nitrogen and oxygen |
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Term
|
Definition
| pH values above 7 (sweet soil) |
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Term
|
Definition
| nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) |
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Term
|
Definition
| a blackish-brown material that forms when mosses become compressed into layers over time |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| done by placing fertilizer in bands about 8 in. from the row of growing crops |
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Term
|
Definition
| the largest soil particle that absorbs very little water or nutrient |
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Term
|
Definition
| soils form in place without first being moved by wind or water |
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Term
|
Definition
| applying fertilizer in the form of gas (i.e. anhydrous ammonia) into the soil using knives |
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Term
|
Definition
| remove soluble parts by running water over or through a substance |
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Term
|
Definition
| procedure where fertilizer is broadcast lightly over close-growing plants |
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Term
|
Definition
| a mixture of various decaying organic substances, as dead leaves or manure, used for fertilizing soil |
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Term
|
Definition
| no ligule, head rolled into the grass at base |
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Term
|
Definition
| parallel veins and long narrow leaves growing in a whole arrangement close to the ground |
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Term
|
Definition
| trifoliate leaves (three)-small notches on the very tip of the leaf |
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Term
|
Definition
| look at the folded bud like on orchard grass |
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Term
|
Definition
| widest leaf of cereal grains, large clasping auricles, no hair |
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|
Term
| Nitrogen fixation in soybean occurs in specialized root structures called |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Growth staging in soybeans are divided into vegetative and reproductive stages. The R1 stage is defined as |
|
Definition
| beginning bloom: one open flower at any node on the main stem |
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|
Term
| The stage of growth of soybeans known as V3 indicates |
|
Definition
| three internodes have leaves |
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|
Term
| High night temperatures during seed fill may decrease soybean yield by increasing |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Soybeans do not need the nutrient ________ if they have been properly inoculated |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Very early mechanical weed control in an early emerged soybean crop may be accomplished by the use of a |
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Definition
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|
Term
| You delivered 30,000 pounds of soybeans to the grain elevator at the price of $13.00 per bushel. How much money should you receive? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Post-emergence herbicides are applied |
|
Definition
| after the crop and weeds are up |
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|
Term
| A farmer has counted an average of 83 beans in 10 square feet after harvesting soybeans. If an acre contains 43,560 square feet and 3,000 seeds per pound what is his harvest loss in bushels per acre? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The suggested winter storage temperature for grains and oilseeds in the Upper Midwest is |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The maximum moisture content at which soybeans can be marketed without discount for moisture is |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The hilum of the soybean seed is |
|
Definition
| the part of the seed attached to the pod and is usually black, brown or yellow in color |
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|
Term
| An optimum population per acre for high combine harvested yield of soybeans is |
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Definition
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|
Term
| If soybean plant populations are low, soybeans will compensate for much of the low density by |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Edible seeds of legumes such as soybeans are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The active ingredient in the herbicide used on most soybean acreage is |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The oil and protein in soybean seed is typically in the ratio of |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Under favorable conditions of moisture and soil structure soybeans should be planted how deep? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which one of the following is effective at reducing soybean aphid damage? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which of the following is the best description of iron chlorosis symptoms? |
|
Definition
| interveinal chlorosis on the trifoliate leaves |
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|
Term
| Cool season grassy weeds, such as wild oats can best be controlled by non-chemical methods through |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Barley normally forms tillers which are |
|
Definition
| additional seed-producing stems |
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|
Term
| The recommended seeding rate of barley per acre is about |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Barley harvest can make you itch because of its rachilla hairs. The rachilla is attached to the |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Some barley varieties can be differentiated based on their aleurone color of blue or white. The aleurone layer is part of the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Barley belongs to a group of crop plants known as |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The threshed caryopsis (grain) of barley is covered by |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The structure that protects the first leaf of barley as it emerges through the soil during germination is the |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Barley has a root system described as |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Farmers must be careful not to over fertilize barley with ________ because it will increase lodging and grain protein content which are both undesirable |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The species most difficult to control in a growing crop of barley |
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Definition
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|
Term
| At the "boot" stage of development the plant is near |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Barley is usually planted in a row spacing of |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Malting barley must have low values of the following |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The normal planting depth of barley in inches is |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Barley is a self-pollinated crop; consequently seed saved from the crop will be genetically ________ to the variety planted |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Maximum moisture content for safe storage of barley grain is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the field, barley grain is considered physiologically mature when |
|
Definition
| upper internode supporting the head has lost all green color |
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|
Term
| One of the major diseases of barley is |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Seed treatment before planting is effective for the control of which barley disease |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| After taking a soil test, the final decision on the amount of fertilizer to apply for barley will be determined by |
|
Definition
| All of the answers listed |
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|
Term
| One of the key concepts of integrated pest management in crop production is |
|
Definition
| wait until a problem exceeds the economic threshold before any treatment action is taken |
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|
Term
| The two morphological types of barley are |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The two main end-use classifications of barley are |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| specialized roots that grow from uncommon places, such as stems and leaves |
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Term
|
Definition
| top-most layer of the leaf, waxy protective covering of the leaf |
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Term
|
Definition
| male part of the flower that contains the pollen, anther and filament |
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Term
|
Definition
| thimble-shaped mass of cells covering and protecting the growing tip of a root |
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Term
|
Definition
| a segment of a stem between two nodes |
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Term
|
Definition
| transfer of pollen from anther to stigma |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| one main root that grows deep into the soil |
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Term
|
Definition
| tissue of the leaf where photosynthesis occurs |
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Term
|
Definition
| collectively, all of the petals of the flower |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| a bud at the tip of a stem that will produce further stem growth |
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Term
|
Definition
| enlarged terminal part of the pistil |
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Term
|
Definition
| brightly colored, sometimes fragrant portion of the flower |
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Term
|
Definition
| the wide portion of the leaf in which photosynthesis occurs |
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Term
|
Definition
| cells that surround the stoma |
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Term
|
Definition
| modified leaf that is often brightly colored and showy |
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Term
|
Definition
| portion of the male part that contains and manufactures the pollen |
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Term
|
Definition
| two or more leaves arising from a common point on the stem |
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Term
|
Definition
| the above ground part of plants that supports leaves and flowers |
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Term
|
Definition
| modified underground stems that store large amounts of food (usually starch) |
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Term
|
Definition
| small grains that are necessary for fertilization in the flower |
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Term
|
Definition
| reproductive part of the plant |
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Term
|
Definition
| a single leaf arising from a plant stem |
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Term
|
Definition
| stems that are tender and non-winter hardy |
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Term
|
Definition
| area of the root where plant cells grow and add length to the root |
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Term
|
Definition
| a fruit or seed contained within a removable outer cover |
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Term
|
Definition
| systematic classification of plants and animals |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| plant growth in response to light |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| area of the root where plant cells reproduce |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants; consisting of stipule, petiole and blade |
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Term
|
Definition
| small openings, usually on the lower side of the leaf that control movement of gases |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| small green leaflike structures found at the base of the flower |
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Term
|
Definition
| lower, irregular layer in the leaf that allows the veins, or vascular bundle, to extend into the leaf |
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Term
|
Definition
| part of a root system in which roots branch to such an extent that no single root grows larger than the rest |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the basic unit in the classification system whose members have similar structure, common ancestors, and maintain their characteristics; subgroup of genus |
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Term
|
Definition
| part of the pistil that receives the pollen |
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Term
|
Definition
| a bud at the tip of a stem that will produce flowers |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| flower that is missing one or more of the following parts: stamen, pistil, petals or sepals |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| female part of the flower consisting of the stigma, style, ovary and ovules |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a strand of vascular tissues (both xylem and phloem) in a plant stem |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| short, vertical underground stem that stores food (occurs in gladioli, crocuses and water chestnuts) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a bud at the tip of a stem |
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Term
|
Definition
| collectively, all the sepals of a flower |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| plants grown for the beauty |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| flower containing all of the parts: stamen, pistil, petal and sepals |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot or branch. The bud appears in the angle formed between a leaf and a stem |
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Term
|
Definition
| area of the root where cells mature |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| any herbaceous plant whose fruit, seeds, roots, tubers, bulbs, stems, leaves or flower parts are used as food |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| female organ that produces eggs or female sex cells; also, that portion of the flower that contains the ovules or seeds |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| tiny hair like extensions that increase the surface area of the root |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the angle between the upper side of the stem and a leaf, branch or petiole |
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Term
|
Definition
| small pores on the stem that allow for passage of gases |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| (plural is genera) a closely related and definable group of plants comprising one or more species; the taxonomic category between family and species |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| short, underground stem that's surrounded by leaves that contain stored food (occurs in tulips, lilies and onions) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a subdivision of a species, it has various inheritable characteristics of form and structure that are continued through both sexual and asexual propagation |
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Term
|
Definition
| surface layer on the lower and upper side of the leaf |
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Term
|
Definition
| structure that supports the anther |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| elongated, vertical cells that give the leaf strength and manufacture food |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following plants can symbiotically fix nitrogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A fertilizer that is a high pressure liquid and 82.2% nitrogen is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Potassium fertilizer would be needed most on |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Soil structure is defined as |
|
Definition
| the way sand, silt and clay are grouped together |
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|
Term
| The soil with the best water holding capacity would be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wind erosion that moves small sized particles over great distances is what type of erosion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An insecticide that moves throughout the plant is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following signal words represent the greatest hazard? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One limitation of a no-till system is |
|
Definition
| certain pests may be more of a problem |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| offspring of two parents that are different in one or more heritable characteristics |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a cultivated variety within a plant species that is different from other members of its species |
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|
Term
| The label directs you to add a spreader-sticker to the tank mix. The application rate for the spreader-sticker (surfactant) is 3 quarts per 100 gallons of water. You need to mix 115 gallons of spray. How much spreader-sticker do you need? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You have a fungicide with a 50WP formulation. The label recommends 3 pounds of active ingredient per acre applied. How much product do you need to apply to meet this recommendation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You are planting 40 acres of pinto beans. You want to plant 60 pounds of viable seed per acre. The seed you purchased is 95% pure with a germination of 95%. How many actual pounds must you plant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Integrated pest management (IPM) is pest control based on the principle of |
|
Definition
| management of pest populations through chemical and nonchemical procedures |
|
|
Term
| Plant diseases native to an area and generally at a low level are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most fungicides are applied |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plant diseases occur when the following occur at the same time: |
|
Definition
| a susceptible plant, a virulent pathogen and a favorable environment |
|
|
Term
| Management of plant diseases |
|
Definition
| can be successfully accomplished with an integrated approach utilizing resistant plants, cultural controls and chemicals |
|
|
Term
| It may be necessary to repeat an application of a foliar *ex. Leafblights) fungicide because |
|
Definition
| the plant continues to produce new unprotected foliage |
|
|
Term
| Viruses are transmitted between plants |
|
Definition
| by insects, mechanically, or by pollen |
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|
Term
| An example of an insect that is a predator is a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There are _____ sections of land in a township |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The lifecycle of a plant that grows vegetation the first year then flowers and produces seed the next year is a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Winter varieties of crops need a cool or freezing period in order to insure the plant will flower the next year. For example winter wheat. This process is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The tillers of a plant can best be described as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common type of corn grown in the United States is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Select the condition that could help reduce pesticide volatilization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spray drift is the least when which of the following conditions exist? |
|
Definition
| droplet size increases, wind speed decreases |
|
|
Term
| Drift problems can be reduced by |
|
Definition
| placing a spray boom as close to the target as possible |
|
|
Term
| The average water needs of a plant are greatest when |
|
Definition
| the plant is nearing or in reproductive stage |
|
|
Term
| What improves the chances that a corn plant survives a frost? |
|
Definition
| location of the plant growing point |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following plants best tolerates drought? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The primary advantage of fallowing land is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What advantage does a crop rotation system have over a single crop system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The symptoms are: chlorotic leaves, with yellowish, reddish or purplish tints developing, leaves falling prematurely and smaller plants with a lower yield. All symptoms of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following nutrients becomes more available as the pH increase? (becomes more alkaline) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In small grain production, jointing refers to which of the following? |
|
Definition
| the first node is visible |
|
|
Term
| Your agronomist suggests applying a 35-0-0-10 fertilizer to your land. The 10 represents 10% |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In some cases, one can estimate the amount of organic matter found in the soil until it becomes totally black. Soil is black when the organic matter content is equal to or greater than _____ percent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your soil test recommends 150 pounds of nitrogen per acre applied to your 25 acre field. How much 35-0-0 do you need to apply to meet the recommendation for this field? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is NOT a plant pathogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In general, the optimum pH for the growth of most plants is between |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following definitions best describes a petiole? |
|
Definition
| the stem attached to the leaf |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following conditions is best for long-term seed storage? |
|
Definition
| low temperature, low relative humidity |
|
|
Term
| ________ is when a plant produces a chemical toxin that impairs the growth of a different plant |
|
Definition
|
|
