Term
|
Definition
| Agribusiness-commercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually though ownership by large corporations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Agriculture-the deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth’s surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cereal grain-a grass yielding grain for food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chaff- husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Combine- a machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Commercial agriculture- agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Crop- grain or fruit gathered from a field as harvest during a particular season |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Crop rotation- the practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Desertification- degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Double cropping- harvesting twice a year from the same field |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Grain- seed of a cereal grass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Green revolution- rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Horticulture- the growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hull-the outer covering of a seed |
|
|
Term
| Intensive subsistence agriculture |
|
Definition
| Intensive subsistence agriculture- a form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Milkshed- the area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Paddy- Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a Sawah |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pastoral nomadism- a form of subsistence agriculture based on heading domesticated animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pasture- grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plantation- a large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prime agricultural land- the most productive farmland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ranching-a from of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reaper- a machine that cuts grain standing in the field |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ridge tillage- system of planting crops on ridge tops, in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sawah- a flooded field for growing rice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Seed agriculture- reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds, which result from sexual fertilization |
|
|
Term
| Slash-and-burn agriculture |
|
Definition
| Slash-and-burn agriculture- another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shifting cultivation- a from of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field o another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spring wheat- wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Subsistence agriculture- agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer’s family |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sustainable agriculture- farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Swidden- a patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thresh- to beat out grain from stalks by tramping it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transhumance- the seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Truck farming- commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vegetative planting- reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wet rice- rice planted on dry land in a nursery, and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Winnow- to remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Winter wheat- wheat planted in the fall and harvested in the early summer |
|
|
