Term
| Name the 2 models of aging. |
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Definition
Primary (pessimistic)
Secondary (optimistic) |
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Term
| This model of aging states that aging is associated with an inevitable decline in neuronal function in all systems. |
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Definition
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Term
| This model of aging states that neuronal function remains optimal unless specific trauma or disease occurs |
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Definition
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Term
| This model of aging believes that the lifespan is genetically determined and there are internal causes. |
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Definition
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Term
| This model of aging believes that there are extrinsic causes to neuronal function. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 6 extrinsic causes that could affect neuronal function. |
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Definition
1. Damage from environment
2. Radiation
3. Pollutants
4. Bacteria/Viruses
5. Food/Toxins
6. Catastrophic Insult |
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Term
| The primary model of aging focuses mainly on genetic make-up. Name the 6 things that the secondary model uses. |
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Definition
1. Nutrition
2. Exercise
3. Carcinogens
4. Air pollution
5. Insults
6. Pathologies |
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Term
| The secondary model of aging believe that what 3 things leads to a longer life? |
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Definition
Good nutrition
Dietary restrictions
Exercise (improve CV health, controls obesity, and increases phys and mental functioning) |
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Term
| Why do the models of aging matter to a PT? |
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Definition
1. How we age is determined by how we live
2. We emphasize preventative health care
3. The work to assist older pts who have experienced pathology to return to optimal lifestyles |
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Term
| Falls are prevalent in community-dwelling older adults. __% of people over 65 fall at least once a year |
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Definition
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Term
| Nearly __% of people over age 85 fall at least once a year |
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Definition
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Term
| __% of falls lead to injury needing medical care. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the definition of a fall in clinics |
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Definition
| Pt. found lying on the ground. Uncontrolled descent to the ground. Unplanned contact with a supporting surface (chair, table, wall) |
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Term
| What is the 7th leading cause of death in older adults? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Who published guidelines for preventing of falls in older persons in 2001? |
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Definition
| American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons |
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Term
| Name 11 Risk Factors for falling. |
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Definition
1. Muscle Weakness
2. Hx of Falls
3. Gait Deficits
4. Balance Deficits
5. Use of an A.D.
6. Visual Deficits
7. Arthritis
8. Impaired ADLs
9. Depression
10. Cognitive Impairments
11. Age (>80 yo) |
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Term
| Name 6 Risk factors for falls among hospitalized older adults |
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Definition
1. Gait Instability
2. LE Weakness
3. Urinary Incontinence/Frequency
4. Impaired Cognition, Agitation, confusion, poor judgement
5. History of falls
6. Use of certain medications |
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Term
| What is the therapists job for fall risk pts |
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Definition
| Identify and address intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to a fall - reduce/correct |
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Term
| LE muscle strength can be reduced by __% between 30-80 years old |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscle strength reduction is more severe in __ __ __ with history of falls |
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Definition
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Term
| __ is better preserved than strength but still decreases with age. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Reduction is muscle mass is greater in __ than __ |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 things replace lost muscle mass |
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Definition
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Term
| Motor units decline with age as well as large and small __ fibers |
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Definition
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Term
| Are there age-related changes at the NMJ? |
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Definition
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Term
| __ contractions are more affected by age-related changes in neuromuscular system than __ |
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Definition
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Term
| __ velocity contraction is more affected than __ velocity |
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Definition
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Term
| __% of variance in functional status explained by relative strength |
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Definition
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Term
| __ ___ is more highly correlated with physical function than muscle strength |
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Definition
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Term
| Power training is more effective than __ training for improving physical function in older adults with muscle weakness. |
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Definition
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Term
| The typical 80 y/o threshold value of quads strength is very near what it takes to do what? |
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Definition
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Term
| When __ falls below the threshold needed for a task, functional disbility occurs. |
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Definition
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Term
| Decreased ROM and loss of spinal flexibility can lead to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| __ flexibility shows greatest decline with age compared to other joints |
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Definition
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Term
| Spinal __ shows greatest decline with 50% less extensor flexibility in 70-84 y/o compared to 20-29 y/o |
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Definition
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Term
| There is a compensatory shift in vertical displacement - center of body mass moves where? |
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Definition
| backward toward the heels |
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Term
| Ankle joint flexibility declines 50% in __ and 35% in __ ages 55-85 |
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Definition
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Term
| Peripheral motor execution with age leads to what 3 things? |
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Definition
Weakness
Stiffness
Low endurance |
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Term
| For unstable and stable older adults, __ dominated responses more likely than __ |
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Definition
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Term
| Older adults demonstrate slower onset latencies in __ |
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Definition
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Term
| Older adults demonstrate muscle response organization disrupted - __ muscle activated before __ |
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Definition
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Term
| Older adults demonstrate co-activation of agonist and antagonist musculature which results in what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Older adults use what strategy most when recovering from a loss of balance? |
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Definition
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Term
| __ sensitivity decreases with age |
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Definition
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Term
| Decline of up to __% of sensory fibers innervating peripheral receptors. Leads to peripheral neuropathy. Increased dependency on visual and vestibular system. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 6 things that can happen to vision with increased age. |
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Definition
1. Changes in eye structure
2. Less light trasmitted to retina (visual threshold increases)
3. Loss of visual field
4. Decline in visual acuity
5. Decline is visual contrast sensitivity
6. Increased postural sway in quiet stance when vision is removed |
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Term
| Loss of __% of the vestibular hair and nerve cells by 70 y/o |
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Definition
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Term
| Functions as an absolute reference system to which the somatosensory and visual systems are compared and calibrated. |
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Definition
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Term
| Illusion of movement. Unsteady. Off balance. Faintness. Lightheadedness |
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Definition
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Term
| Term used to describe the loss of more than one sense important for balance and mobility function |
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Definition
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