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| German philosopher who stated that “God is dead” and that morality, reason, democracy, and progress were all worn out and they only served to suffocate self-realization and excellence. He believed people should acknowledge their meaningless. |
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| The idea that all statements must be proved with facts. Followers of this philosophy rejected questions such as “Does God exist” and “What is the meaning of happiness” |
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| Austrian philosopher who later lived in England. He argued that questions about God, freedom, morality, could not be proven with mathematics or science and therefore were meaningless. |
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| a philosophical movement that views the individual, the self, the individual's experience, and the uniqueness therein as the basis for understanding the nature of human existence. This movement had many un-unified followers after the war. |
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| French existentialist who believed that human beings simply existed, they appear and then they do things. They are troubled by the meaninglessness of life. |
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| German physicist who is considered to be the father of quantum science. He determined that atoms emit subatomic energy in spurts called quanta. |
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| Genius who developed the theory of special relativity. |
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| Psychologist who calculated the three sections of the mind. The id controlled the primal human desires, the ego controlled rational thought, and the superego controlled morality. |
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| French novelist who locked himself in a soundproof apartment for ten years in order to reflect on his past. |
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| literary style in which the series of internal monologues, ideas, and emotions from different period of time randomly form a continuous thought. |
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| Irish novelist who wrote Ulysses, a book about the ordinary life of a ordinary man, he ends up comparing this man to Homer’s great hero, Ulysses. |
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| High school teacher who published a book which stated that every culture has a life cycle of growth and decline. He claimed that western society was coming to an end and the Asians would take over. |
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| American author who depicted the world as growing in desolation, but later when he converted to Catholicism, he started to hope humanity’s salvation. |
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| German-Jew who displayed individuals in hopeless situations |
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| Englishman author who wrote satires on Stalinist Russia. |
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| Swiss genius who said that a house is a machine for living in. |
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| Leader of the Chicago school of architects. They used cheap steel, reinforced concrete, and electric elevators to build skyscrapers and office buildings. They did not put any ornamentation on these buildings. |
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| German designer who made a building out of iron and glass. He later merged the schools of fine and applied arts into a single school. |
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| The amalgamation of all the fine and applied arts schools at Weimar. This school attracted many leading architects, designers, and theatrical innovators. |
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| Form of art where the artist tries to capture the fleeting moment, rather than reproduce reality. This was a form of abstract art. |
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| Dutch artist who painted the image of his mind’s eye. |
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| French painter who used expressionist techniques to infuse his works with tranquility and mysticism. |
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| French artist who emphasized form rather than light. |
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| Extremist expressionist painter whose exhibition was called “the wild beasts” by contemporary critics. |
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| Russian artist who completely avoided nature in his works. |
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| Artistic movement which did not make any sense. An example of a Dadaist work would be the painting in which somebody put a mustache on the Mona Lisa. |
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| Spanish painter who invented Cubism. He painted some very influential works, including Guernica. |
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| Artistic movement which involved fantastic worlds of wild dreams and complex symbols. |
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| Soviet film director who dramatized the communist view of Russia history. |
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| English economist who denounced the Treaty of Versailles and claimed that Germany’s punishment would hurt all the other countries economically. |
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| Industrial area of Germany which was seized by the French following the Weimar republic’s failure to pay their reparations. This was a huge crisis in the 1920s. |
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| Pact which acknowledged the borders of Germany and France and established a sense of continental security. |
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| Pact which made the signing countries agree to try to solve their disputes with peaceful methods rather than war. However, the pact did not outline any specific plans for what was to occur if one of the countries did wage war. |
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| New political party which replaced the Liberal party as the main opponent of the Conservative party. The Labour party was for workers rights, and they moved toward socialism gradually and democratically. |
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| Very severe economic depression which lasted from 1929 to 1933. This depression struck the entire world. |
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| The method that Scandinavia used during the Great Depression to help the economy. It was a compromise between capitalism and communism. |
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| A political alliance between the communists, socialists, and radicals for the national elections of France in May 1936. |
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