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| What are the 5 major rivers in Africa? |
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Definition
| Nile, Congo, Niger, Zambezi, Orange. |
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| What are the 3 main mountain ranges in Africa? |
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Definition
| Kilimanjaro, Mt Kenya and Mt Rawenzori. |
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| What are the 4 language families in Africa? |
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Definition
| Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan, Niger-Congo and Khoisan. |
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| Which language family has the largest number of languages? |
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| What is the most common language in the Niger-Congo language family? |
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| Which language family consists of hunter gatherers? |
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| What mountain is known as the wettest spot in Africa and how much rain does it get? |
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Definition
| Mt Cameroon with 400" annually |
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| What percent of Africa is a rural setting? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is Africa known as the cradle of humankind? |
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Definition
| Because the origins of human species are from Africa? |
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Term
| By what year had humans spread throughout the world and adapted to the climate differences? |
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Term
| Where is Olduvai Gorge located? |
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Definition
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| What is the most important site with regards to human origin? |
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Definition
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| What are the oldest human remains found in Olduvai Gorge? |
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| Who developed the theory that Africa is the cradle of human kind? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 earliest means of acquiring food? |
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Definition
| Hunter/gatherer and food production like growing plants. |
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Term
| What is the name of the civilization that depended on water, caught lots of fish and created earliest forms of pottery and harpoons? |
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Definition
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| Where was the Aquatic civilization located and when were they around? |
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Definition
| Sudanic belt and 8000 - 6000 BC |
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Term
| Who ruled the great Mesopotamia Empire? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did the sumerians reach the height of their civilization? |
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Definition
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| What contributions did the sumerians make in African society? |
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Definition
| They were skilled agriculturists, erected cities, and invented writing? |
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Term
| Where did the sumerians claim they were from? |
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| Africans that migrated to India and became some of its early inhabitants. |
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Term
| Who was referred to as "Black Europeans" or " Asiatic Europeans and why? |
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Definition
| Dravidians because they had broad nose, dark skin and whooly hair. |
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Term
| When did the Dravidians reach the height of their development? |
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Definition
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Term
| What accomplishments were the Dravidians known for? |
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Definition
| Bathrooms, Domestication of animals, wheat, cotton, bronze and iron work. |
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Term
| What type of Agriculture is practiced in West Africa? |
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Definition
| Planting part of parent plant. |
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Term
| What type of Agriculture is practiced in South West Ethiopia? |
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Definition
| Used stem of plant to produce another plant. |
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Term
| What type of Agriculture is practiced in the horn of Africa? |
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Definition
| Used seeds to grow plants. |
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Term
| What type of Agriculture is practice in the sudanic region? |
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Definition
| Cultivate grains and raise livestock. |
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Term
| Which people started Wilton Industries and what did this company do? |
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Definition
| Khoisan People. They made small tools such as arrow tips and spears. |
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Term
| Where were there large communities of khoisan people? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which people lived in small groups, had decentralized decision making and split labor by gender lines? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do heardsman measure wealth? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where did the governments revenue come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary system of commerce? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some of the main economic institutions in Africa? |
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Definition
| Mining Gold and artisaning baskets textiles and wood carvings. |
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Term
| What was significant about Nok Culture? |
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Definition
| They had a highly advanced social system. |
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Term
| Where and when did Nok Culture begin and end? |
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Definition
| It began in Nigeria in 1000 BC and ended inwest africa in 300 AD. |
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Definition
| Marriage where female has 1 or more spouses. |
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Definition
| Marriage where male has 1 or more spouses. |
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Term
| What is the difference between patrilineal and matrilineal? |
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Definition
| Patrilineal is the descent of fathers side and matrilineal is descent on mothers side. |
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Term
| What is the name of the association that turns boys into men? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the womans association that transitions girls into women. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of women in the family? |
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Definition
| Wife and mother that nurtures and teaches culture. |
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Term
| What are womens role in society? |
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Definition
| trade/commerce, farmers and crafts. |
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Term
| What are the 5 political organizations in Africa? |
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Definition
| Non-centralized states, Isolated family States, Clan states, village states and kingdoms. |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of kingdom families? |
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Definition
| Royal family, electring family and enthroning family. |
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Term
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Definition
| Kings / Chief, Provincial governors, district chiefs, local / village chiefs |
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Term
| Where was ancient Ghana located? |
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Definition
| northern senegal and Mauritania area. |
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| 4th century AD, earliest west african state. capital trading town Kumba Saleh. Derived power and wealth from gold, slaves, salt and water. Introduced camel in trade. |
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Definition
| Spanish Muslim geographer visited and described Ancient Ghana in 1062 to 1067 AD. |
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| 7th century AD. First great west african muslim state |
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Term
| Who was Mansa Kankan Musa? |
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Definition
| 14th century ruler in ancient mali that took pilgramage to mecca in 1324 and devalued gold because he brought so much with him. |
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Definition
| Historian that described ancient mali and critisized Mansa Kankan Musa'a meanness. |
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Definition
| 7th century AD. Was under control of Ancient Mali |
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Definition
| 15th century ruler of songhay that made it the most powerful kingdom in west africa. |
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Term
| Who was Askia Muhammad I? |
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Definition
| Ruler of Songhay. Overthrew previous Sunni dynasty by leading military take-over. Was known as Askia the Great. He ruled as strict Muslim. Was first ruler to set up army of slaves and POW's so people could continue with farming and commerce. Was dethroned by eldest son. |
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Term
| What resulted from Askia Muhammad I's trip to mecca? |
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Definition
| He brought back reforms to better organize kingdom. He made islamic law the law of the land and did reforms in education such as adding schools to rural areas. |
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Term
| What was the university of Sankore/ Timbuktu? |
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Definition
| Intellectual Center where scholars came to study grammer, surgery, astronomy, geography, math. |
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Definition
| Worlds first grand civilization. Started in 3100 BC and lasted until greeks took over in 332 BC. |
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Definition
| Now south sudan. Capital City of kingdom of kush. First iron-age state. Developed their own writing script. Has over 200 pyramids with over 40 kings and queens buried there. Southern capital of Napata. |
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Definition
| Now ethiopia and eritrea. Started by Sabaeans from SW Arabia. Known for trade on the Red Sea at a sea port called Adulis. Monopolized trade routes and ivory trade. Had control of coastal salt planes. Official religion was christianity. |
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Definition
| Founders came from kingdom of mapungubwe. Known for use of stomes without mortar. Rulers were great agriculturists and herded cattle. Gold was main source of wealth. Had a standing Army. Matrilineal social system. Declined in 15th Century. |
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Term
| Who was Ivan Van Sertima? |
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Definition
| HE wrote "They came before columbus." He said there were africans in the new world 2000 years before columbus. The stone heads from southern mexico have negroid features. He said that africans started the Olmec culture but this theory was disputed. |
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Term
| What were the main coastal settlements of the east african city statesand what countries would they be in now? |
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Definition
| Mogadishu (Somalia), Lamu (Kenya), Kilwa ( Tanzania), zanzibar (Tanzania) and Mombassa (Kenya) |
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Term
| Where was the largest Arab slave trading center? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who are Swahili? What is their language, trading items? |
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Definition
| They were a bicultural population established in case Africans remain in power. Also known as Afro-Arabs. Their language was Kiswahili. They traded with China and India with Gold, Ivory and slaves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leading swahili commercial town on the coast. Center of East African Slave trade. |
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Definition
| Most important center of islamic culture. largest and most developed among city states. |
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Term
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Definition
| He led 3 ships from portugal to the east african coast to replace Arabs in the Indian ocean trade. |
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Term
| Why was there religious resentment between Islams and Christians? |
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Definition
| Because moors (African Muslims) dominated the area. |
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Term
| What problems did Portuguese Settlements cause? |
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Definition
| Caused trade and prosperity to decline so mombassa convinced Iman of Oman to send ships over and he defeated them, but they never left. |
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Term
| What was the middle passage? |
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Definition
| 3 to 6 month trip where slaves were transported from Africa to new world. |
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Term
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Definition
| Places where people were collected to be sold and evaluated for shipping to new world. |
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Term
| Why was sierra leone founded? |
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Definition
| English allowed african slaves to be free so they would come to english soil. English did not like having africans in their land and biracial babies so they sent them all to Sierra Leone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Descendents of slaves that were sent to sierra leone by england. |
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Term
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Definition
| US wanted to get rid of the blacks so they sent them to liberia and called them Americo-Liberians. The slave owners were compensated. During Lincolns time. |
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Term
| What 4 factors caused an increase in the slave trade in East Africa? |
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Definition
| Opening of sugar and coffee plantations by french. Abolishing of slave trade by british on west coast. Expansion of sugar plantations in Brazil. Introduction of Clove Plantations. |
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Term
| What occurred due to success from clove plantations? |
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Definition
| Plantations were set up in zanzibar so they changed this to the capital. It also caused huge increase in slave trade. |
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Term
| What are the 5 spiritual duties of Islam? |
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Definition
| Accept Shahada. Pray daily while facing Mecca. Give to charity. Fast during daylight in month of Ramadan. Make pilgramige to Mecca. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Person who submits to god. |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was Mohammed and what happened after his death? |
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Definition
| HE was a preacher of God. When he died he left no instruction for who would replace him so 2 branches emerged. The Sunnis and the Shi'ites. |
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Term
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Definition
| Religious group that follows tradition of prophet and believe succesor should be elected. |
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Term
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Definition
| Religious group that believe inheritance should choose successor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Originally they were imported as slaves but then trained and educated to be soldiers and have high status and were highly pensioned at the end of their service. Children could not join army. |
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Term
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Definition
| They bought slaves from local chiefs in exchange for cloth and wine. They returned to Benguela and Luanda with hundreds of slaves in chains. |
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Term
| Who was muhammad Ali of Egypt? |
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Definition
| He was an albanian commander in the ottoman army who was considered a founder of modern Egypt because of military, economic and cultural reforms. |
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Term
| Why was muhammad Ali against the Suez Canal? |
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Definition
| because it would put egypt at the mercy of the powerful navies of Europe. |
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Term
| Who completed the Suez Canal? |
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Definition
| Muhammad Ali's grandson Khedive Ismail. |
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Term
| Why did the french invade Algeria? |
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Definition
| It was considered one of the most ill considered acts In the 19th century. It was only meant to divert the attention of the french from their resentment of the kings. It didn't even work because the king got overthrown. |
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Term
| When did the slave trade become ilegal in England, US and Sweden? |
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Definition
| England in 1807, US in 1808 and Sweden in 1813. |
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Term
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Definition
| King of Zulu. He organized the military and united the clans so they became very powerful. They defeated other tribes and absorbed them into their nation. He ruled by fear and was very strict. |
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Term
| What was the conflict between the Boers and the Bantu? |
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Definition
| Bantu had good land and were good agriculturists, but the Boers wanted their land so they conquered them. Since the boers were racially mixed african and dutch this conflict was the beginning of racism in South Africa. |
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Term
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Definition
| Similar to a spear and was used by zulu and nguni. |
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Term
| What was happening during the Mfecane? |
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Definition
| Shaka of Zulu started waves of warfare through tribes which started this violent chain reaction. Many tribes started trying to take over new territory so this became a period of widespread chaos. The most significant point was when king of Matabele, Mzilikazi, ordered his people to kill of all competition. |
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Term
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Definition
| This was when the affricans migrated eastward to escape brittish control. Many discoveries were made on this journey. |
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Term
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Definition
| Arab ruler who established a ruling Arab elite and encouraged the development of clove plantations using slave labor. |
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Term
| What peroducts were used in trans saharan trade? |
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Definition
| salt, gold, slaves, nuts, beads, shells. |
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