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| sea of sand created by high, shifting sand dunes |
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| gravel-covered plain in a desert area |
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| dry steambeds that fill with water only after rainfall |
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| sector of an economy made of people who don't work for formal businesses, including self employed people and small businesses |
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| cultural group that has lived in North Africa since long before waves of Arab armies crossed into the continent |
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| fertile, finely ground soil deposited by flowing water |
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| ancient egyptian monarchs |
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| pictures and symbols used in the ancient egyption writing system |
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| African National Congress (ANC) |
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| political organization that pushed for an end to apartheid in South Africa |
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| peasant farmers of North Africa |
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| region of semiarid climate from Senegal amd Mauritania to sudan in Africa |
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| spreading of desert like conditions |
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| economies where goods are produced for export, whole others are produced for local consumption |
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| language in east africa whith roots from african coast and arabic words |
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| strong, durable plant fiber used to make rope and twine |
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| sap of acacia trees, sticky substance that binds many candies/ medicines |
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| intentional destruction of a people |
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| steep face at edge of plateau or other raised area |
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| level of variety of plants and animals |
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| port where almost no taxes are put on goods unloaded from other places |
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| grassland regions of south africa |
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| dutch, french, and german settlers and descendants in South Africa |
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| official policies that froced black soth africans to live in separate areas and use separate facilities from the whites |
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| penalties intended to force a country to change its policies |
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