Term
Airplanes were developed primarily by: |
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Definition
the trial and error method |
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Term
The density of water changes with depth t or F |
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Definition
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Out of the following, who did not experiment in flight |
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The first successful flight of an aircraft was accomplished with a balloon T or F |
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Aerodynamics is the study of |
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Definition
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A balloon that is filled with air that is lighter than the surrounding air rises to a point where the internal air density is equal to the external air density is based on what principle?
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| Air density at sea level is ________ dense than air at 10,000 feet altitude. |
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The density of air changes depending on altitude because air is compressible T or F |
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Term
What part of the atmosphere does all weather occur and also most flight operations? |
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Term
| Balloons that are navigable are called |
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Term
| Sir George Cayley, Otto Lilenthal, and Octave Chanute all had what in common? |
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Definition
| They all experimented with gliders in the 1800s. |
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Term
| Lighter than air aircraft are reliant on what for lateral (as opposed to vertical) movement. |
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Definition
Movement of an air mass and
Velocity and direction of the wind |
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Term
| Man's first attempt at heavier than air flight was to create birdlike vehicles with wings that flapped. |
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Definition
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Term
| Birds are successful fliers because they can achieve lift and thrust with their feathered wings. Airplanes require; |
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Definition
An engine to develop forward thrust
Controls to maneuver in pitch, roll, and yaw
Stability in their design
Knowledgeable pilots |
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Term
| Gliders and airplanes are |
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Definition
| Heavier than air machines |
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| Who was/were the first to achieve sustained, controlled and powered flight? |
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Term
| A chunk of fluid that is suspended in a container of fluid will ________ due to the weight and pressure above the chunk balancing out the higher pressure below the chunk. |
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Definition
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Term
| A small contained bubble of fluid that is lighter than the surrounding fluid ________ due to the higher pressure on the bottom of the bubble. |
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Definition
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Term
| A piece of lead placed in a container of water will ________ due to the weight of the lead being _______ than the fluid that is displaced. |
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Definition
| Sink to the bottom, heavier |
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Term
| How are balloons made to be lighter than air? |
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Definition
Filled with lighter than air gas (helium)
Filled with heated air which is less dense than cooler air
Both |
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Definition
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| The symbol for air density is? |
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| The approximate temperature at the Tropopause is |
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| Air pressure at sea level is ________ than air at 30,000 feet altitude. |
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Definition
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| The temperature of air decreases on average by how much per 1000ft |
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Definition
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Term
| The chordline of an aerofoil is: |
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Definition
| A straight line from the leading edge to trailing edge. |
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Term
| A cambered aerofoil set at 0˚ angle of attack in an air stream will produce: |
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Definition
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Term
| The angle between the chord line of the aerofoil and the relative airflow is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| Dynamic pressure is equal to: |
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Definition
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Term
| The centre of pressure of an aerofoil is: |
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Definition
| The point on the chordline where the lift force acts. |
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Term
| The properties of air on the top of a cambered wing producing lift: |
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Definition
| Velocity increases, Static Pressure decreases. |
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Definition
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| The density of a gas may be expressed as: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the below actions will result in a stall every time? |
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Definition
| Exceeding the critical angle of attack. |
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Term
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Definition
| The airflow over the top surface of the wing breaks away or separates which results in a large increase in drag and a large loss of lift. |
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Term
| If an aircraft’s wings are slightly angled upwards from horizontal as you look at it from the front forming a shallow V, this is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| A high aspect ratio wing will be: |
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Definition
| Of long span and short chord, like a gliders. |
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Term
| The wing span is the distance: |
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Definition
| From wing tip to wing tip. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tip chord is less than the root chord. |
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Term
| The stalling angle of an aerofoil of a training aircraft is approximately: |
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Definition
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Term
| An aircraft's wing has a mean chord of 6m and a span of 30m. The aspect ratio is: |
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Definition
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Term
| To maintain level flight at a steady airspeed: |
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Definition
| (a) Thrust must be exactly equal to drag. |
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Term
| The stall warning vane on an aircraft wing is located: |
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Definition
| (d) Just below the leading edge. |
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Term
| At positive angles of attack, a wing produces the most lift at: |
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Definition
| (c) Just before the stall. |
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Term
| An airplane is flying straight and level, therefore: |
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Definition
| (d) Thrust equals drag, Lift equals weight. |
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Term
The term "Angle of Attack" is defined as:
. |
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Definition
| (b) The angle between the wing chord line and the relative wind |
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Term
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Definition
| (b) Always in line with gravity. |
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Term
| When a fowler flap moves back: |
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Definition
| (a) Wing area increases, camber increases. |
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Term
| Where does lift act on a wing? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the "S" represent in the lift equation? |
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Definition
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Term
Bernoulli's Theorem states:
(b) |
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Definition
| When dynamic pressure increases, static pressure decreases. |
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Term
For a typical light training aircraft, the optimum angle of attack producing most lift for least drag is approximately:
(c) |
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Definition
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Term
Wash out of a wing is:
(c) |
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Definition
| A decrease in angle of incidence from root to tip. |
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Term
| A symmetrical aerofoil section of a wing which is set at 0˚ angle of incidence will produce in level flight: |
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Definition
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Term
The purpose of streamlining is:
(d) |
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Definition
| To reduce pressure or wake drag. |
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Term
Drag is the force that resists ________.
( |
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Definition
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Term
| 3. At high speed the drag on an aircraft is mainly |
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Definition
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Term
| The speed of air at the surface of the wing (in boundary layer) is: |
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Definition
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Term
| The best plan shape of a wing for minimum drag is: |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the components of Total Drag? |
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Definition
| (a) Lift induced drag and Parasite drag |
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Term
| What are the two types of flow associated with the boundary layer? |
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Definition
| (a) laminar and turbulent |
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Term
| As airspeed increases, parasite drag |
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Definition
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Term
The additional drag resulting from the intersection of two parts of the airplane is called ________, and engineers design/install ________ to smooth out the flow of air at these intersections.
(a) |
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Definition
| Interference drag, fairings |
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Term
An antenna of 0.05 sq. ft. of a cross-sectional area (S) produces 1 pound of drag in an airflow with a dynamic pressure (½ρv²) of 25 lbs/sq. ft. What is its drag coefficient? Drag = ½ρv² S Cd
( |
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Definition
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Term
If the landing gear is lowered:
(a) |
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Definition
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Term
The minimum Total Drag of an aircraft in flight occurs:
(a) |
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Definition
| At the speed where parasite drag and lift induced drag are equal. |
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Term
| Lift induced drag (lift dependent drag) of an aircraft would be increased with: |
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Definition
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Term
The boundary layer of a body in a moving airstream is:
(a) |
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Definition
| A thin layer of air over the surface in which the air is retarded by the effects of friction. |
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Term
Skin Friction drag resulting from a laminar boundary layer will be:
(a) |
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Definition
| Less than from a turbulent boundary layer. |
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Term
| If speed is increased from 150 kts to 300 kts, the Pressure or wake drag due to shape will be: |
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Definition
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Term
The drag of an aircraft will:
(a) |
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Definition
| Increase with an increase in air pressure. |
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Term
| What phenomena causes Lift induced Drag? |
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Definition
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Term
| What effect on lift induced drag does entering ground effect have? |
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Definition
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Term
When the undercarriage is lowered in flight:
(a) |
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Definition
| Form drag will increase and the aircraft will pitch nose down. |
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Term
| The point where the boundary layer changes from laminar flow to turbulent flow is called the; |
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Definition
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Term
| A high aspect ratio wing (High span to chord ratio, like a glider): |
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Definition
| (a) Decreases lift induced drag. |
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Term
In straight and level flight, how does Parasite drag vary with airspeed?
(a) |
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Definition
| V2 (directly with the square of the velocity) |
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Term
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Definition
| Right wing rotates anti-clockwise, left wing clockwise |
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Term
31. At low speed the drag on an aircraft is mainly
(a) |
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Definition
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Term
32. The pressure gradient on the rear side of a shape where the air is flowing from Low static pressure to High static pressure is called;
(a) |
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Definition
| Adverse pressure gradient |
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Term
33. The point where the air stops sticking to the shape of an object is called;
(a) |
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Definition
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Term
| With regard to "P.L.A.N.n.", the acronym used to determine the capacity of a reciprocating engine to produce power, the "A" refers to what? |
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Definition
| a) Cross sectional piston area |
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Term
. The final factor (n) in determining the capability of a reciprocating engine to produce power in the anacronym P.L.A.N.n. is:
a) |
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Definition
| The number of cylinders of the engine |
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Term
| The optimum angle of attack for a propellor blade to the airflow passing through it is approximately; |
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Definition
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Term
With regard to P.L.A.N.n., the pilot can control which of the factors in the cockpit?
a) |
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Definition
| Mean cylinder pressure (P) by use of the throttle to control the amount of fuel and air being taken into the cylinders Engine Speed (N) |
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Term
A propellor blade ‘slips’ through the air unlike a woodscrew or corkscrew and so cannot be 100% efficient;
True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
| The pitch of a propeller blade that produces the most efficiency (most thrust for least drag) for a given speed is called; |
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Definition
| a) Optimum angle of attack |
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Term
| The resultant relative wind acting on a propellor, is the result of which two velocities? |
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Definition
| a) Propellor’s rotational speed and aircraft’s forward speed |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
9. In order to maintain a relatively constant angle of attack along the span of a propeller blade, blades are manufactured with what?
a) |
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Definition
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Term
Attempting to increase the top speed of an aircraft by fitting a bigger engine is difficult because;
a |
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Definition
| ) Parasite Drag increases as airspeed increases and a bigger engine creates more weight induced drag |
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Term
. Which equation(s) below is/are an expression of Newton's second law?
a) |
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Definition
| Force = Mass x Acceleration |
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Term
In a variable propeller system, as airspeed increases, the propellor must ________ to maintain the most efficient angle of attack.
a |
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Definition
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Term
| . In the event of an engine failure (particularly important in a twin engined airplane) the propellor should automatically be turned to a minimum drag position, this is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the reason that the earlier engines had radially mounted cylinders? |
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Definition
| a) Greater number of cylinders could be mounted and better cooling |
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Term
| . Compared to jets, propellers move a ________ amount of air with a ________ acceleration. |
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Definition
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Term
Which is considered the more "efficient" producer of "thrust"?
a) |
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Definition
| Propeller driven by a reciprocating engine |
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Term
. A turbojet engine differs from a turbofan engine in that all of the air flows through the compressor section or the core of the engine, whereas some of the airflow with a turbofan engine flows around the outside of the core.
True or false? |
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Definition
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Term
| The term for the air which doesn’t pass through the core of a jet engine and get burnt with the fuel is called: |
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Definition
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Term
A propellor blade is twisted to ensure a constant angle of attack to the relative airflow along the blade which is moving faster through the air from the hub to the blade tip.
True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a) 550 foot pounds per second |
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Term
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Definition
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. A propellor accelarates a large mass of air with a relative small acceleration compared with a jet which accelerates a small mass of air with a very large acceleration;
True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
27. The main factor that limits the diameter of a propellor blade is;
a) |
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Definition
| The Speed of the blade tip relative to the speed of sound |
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Term
| During the ground roll whilst accelerating along the runway before taking off, the four forces ________ in balance. |
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Definition
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Term
| . The difference (in HP) between power avaliable and power required is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
. When determining takeoff distance required, whether runway is paved or grass will affect your takeoff distance.
True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
| The reasons for having more than a twin engine rather than one engine include which of the following? |
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Definition
a) To provide more power than can be provided by one engine.
a) Improves safety by providing redundancy in case one engine fails.
Both |
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Term
| . The loss of one engine in a twin engine aircraft results in: |
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Definition
a) Significant loss of climb capability
a) Yaw in the direction of the failed engine
a) Increased drag due to use of rudder to overcome yaw
All of the above |
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Term
| . The best glide ratio is: |
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Definition
| a) found on power required curve at the point of minimum drag. |
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Term
| WIth respect to change in velocity, what is required in order to generate enough lift to takeoff. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a) The maximum altitude in which the aircraft can achieve a climb rate of 100 fpm. |
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Term
| . Best range airspeed with a tailwind will be ________ than best range airspeed with a headwind. |
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Definition
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Term
| 22. Operating at maximum L/D (Lift/Drag ratio) gives speed for best glide distance and best range. |
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Definition
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Term
. At airspeeds slower than V(min power), more power is required to maintain altitude. What is this called?
a |
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Definition
| ) Back side of the power curve |
|
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Term
| . As altitude increases Power available; |
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Definition
|
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Term
| . As aircraft weight increases Power required; |
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Definition
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Term
. As Drag increases (from flaps and undercarriage lowered) Power required;
a) |
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Definition
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