Term
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Definition
| Thinking, personality, sensations,movements, memory |
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Term
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Definition
| Relay station for sensory impluses; pain |
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Term
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Definition
| Body temperature, sleep, appetite, emotions, control of the pituitary gland |
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Term
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Definition
| Coordination of voluntary movements and balance |
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Term
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Definition
| Connection of nerves (to the eyes and face) |
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Term
| MEDULLA OBLONGATA FUNCTION |
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Definition
| Nerve fibers cross over left to right and right to left; contains centers to regulate heart, blood vessels, and repiratory system |
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Term
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Definition
| Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends (synapses) of nerve cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Carry messages TOWARD the brain and spinal cord (sensory nerves) |
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Term
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Definition
| Middle layer of three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord. The Greek arachne means spider |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of glial (neurologic) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out |
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Term
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Definition
| Lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. The pons and medulla oblongata are part of the brainstem |
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Term
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Definition
| Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of the nerve that contains the nucleus |
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Term
| CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance |
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Term
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Definition
| Outer region of the cerebrum; containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain |
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Term
| CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) |
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Definition
| Fluid that circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory |
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Term
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Definition
| Twelve (12) pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse |
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Term
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Definition
| Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord (Latin for hard mother) |
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Term
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Definition
| Carry messages AWAY FROM the brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| Collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system |
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Term
| GLIAL CELL (NEUROGLIAL CELL) |
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Definition
| Cell in the nervous system that is supportive and connective in function. Examples are astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| Sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded fold on the surface of the cerebellum; convolution |
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Term
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Definition
| Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temperature, and secretions from the pituitary gland |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels; nerve fibers cross over here |
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Term
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Definition
| Three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| Phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| White fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. Myelin speeds impulse conduction along axons |
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Term
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Definition
| Macroscopic cordlike collection of fibers (axons and dendrites) that carry electrical impulses |
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Term
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Definition
| Nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical messenger, released at the end of a nerve cell. It stimulates or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve cell, muscle cell, or gland cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons. Also called oligodendrocyte |
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Term
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Definition
| Involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal bosy functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of the gastrointestinal tract |
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Term
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Definition
| Essential, distinguishing tissue of the nervous system; includes the brain and spinal cord. This is to distinguish it from surrounding tissues such as meninges |
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Term
| PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS) |
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Definition
| Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; cranial, spinal, and autonomic nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| Thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges |
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Term
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Definition
| Large, interlacing network of nerves. Ex are lumbosacral, cervical, and brachial plexuses. |
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Definition
| Part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain. It is a bridge connecting various parts of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| Organ that receives a nervous stimulation and passes it on to nerves within the body. The skin, eyes, ears, and taste buds are receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| Nerve extending from the base of the spine, down the thigh, lower leg, and foot. Sciatica is pain or inflammation along the course of the nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| Carry messages to the brain and spinal cord from a receptor; afferent nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| Thirty one (31) pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord. Each spinal nerve affects a particular area of the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| Agent of change (light, sound, touch) in the internal or external enviroment that evokes a response. |
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Term
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Definition
| Connective and supporting tissue of an organ. Glial cells are the stromal tissue of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure |
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Term
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Definition
| Autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress |
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Term
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Definition
| Space through which a nervous impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another or from a neuron to another cell, such as a muscle or gland cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Main relay center of the brain. It conducts impulses between the spinal cord and the cerebrum; incoming sensory messages are relayed through the thalamus to appropriate centers in the cerebrum |
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Term
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Definition
| Tenth (10th) cranial nerve; it's branches reach to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus, and stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| Canals of the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Nerve root (of spinal nerves) |
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Definition
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Definition
| Sheath (refers to meninges) |
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Term
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Definition
| Vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve) |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive sensitivity to pain |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive sensitivity to pain |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Feeling, nervous sensation |
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Term
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Definition
| Feeling, nervous sensation |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defects) |
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Term
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Definition
| Brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia) with personality changes and impairment of daily functioning. |
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Term
| AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS) |
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Definition
| Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem. AKA Lou Gehrig's disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness (-asthenia) of voluntary muscles (attached to bones) |
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Term
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Definition
| Paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function) |
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Term
| PARKINSON DISEASE (PARKINSONISM) |
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Definition
| Degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occuring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement |
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Term
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Definition
| Involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; inappropriate words |
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Term
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Definition
| Viral infection affecting peripheral nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis |
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Term
| HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) ENCEPHALOPATHY |
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Definition
| Brain disease and dementia occuring with AIDS |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges |
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Term
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Definition
| Temporary brain dysfunction (brief loss of consciousness) after injury, usually clearing within 24 hours. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head; neurologic deficits persist longer than 24 hours. |
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Term
| CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (CVA) |
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Definition
| Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke. |
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Term
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Definition
| Minor (petit mal) form of seizure, consisting of momentary clouding of consciousness and loss of awareness and surroundings. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enlarged, weakened area in an arterial wall, which may rupture, leading to a hemorrhage and CVA (stroke). |
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Term
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Definition
| Malignant tumor of astrocytes (glial brain cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| Peculiar sensation experienced by some persons with epilepsy before onset of an actual seizure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Mental decline and deterioration |
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Term
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Definition
| Destruction of myelin on axons of nerves (as in multiple sclerosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| CNS neurotransmitter, deficient in patient with Parkinson disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mass (clot) of material travels through the bloodstream and suddenly blocks a vessel. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Herpes virus that causes shingles-eruption of blisters in a pattern that follows the path of peripheral nerves around the trunk of the body; zoster means girdle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertaining to sudden, acute onset, as the convulsions of an epileptic seizure. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Relieving symptoms but not curing |
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Term
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Definition
| Removal of the thymus gland (a lymphocyte-producing gland in the chest); used as treatment for myasthenia gravis |
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Term
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Definition
| Transient ischemic attack |
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Term
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Definition
| Involuntary movement of a small group of muscles, as of the face; characteristic of Tourette syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| Major (grand mal) convulsive seizure marked by sudden loss of consciousness, stiffening of muscles, and twitching and jerking movements |
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Term
| CEREBROSPINAL FLUID ANALYSIS |
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Definition
| Samples of CSF are examined |
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Term
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Definition
| X-ray imaging of the arterial blood vessel system in the brain after injection of contrast. |
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Term
| COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF THE BRAIN (CT) |
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Definition
| X-ray technique that generates computerized cross-sectional images of the brain and spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| X-ray imaging of the spinal canal after injection of contrast medium into the subarachnoid space |
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Term
| MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) OF THE BRAIN |
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Definition
| Magnetic and radio waves create an image of the brain in all three planes |
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Term
| POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) SCAN |
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Definition
| Computerized radiologic technique using radioactive glucose to image the metabolic activity of cells |
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Term
| DOPPLER/ULTRASOUND STUDIES |
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Definition
| Sound waves detect blood flow in the carotid and intracranial arteries |
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Term
| ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG) |
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Definition
| Recording of the electrical activity in the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae |
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Term
| STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY |
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Definition
| Use of specialized instrument to locate and treat targets in the brain |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Alpha-fetoprotein; elevated levels in amniotic fluid and maternal blood are associated with congenital malformations of the nervous system, such as anencephaly and spina bifida |
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Term
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Definition
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis- Lou Gehrig's disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Arteriovenous malformation; congenital tangle of arteries and veins in the cerebrum |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Gamma-amniobutyric acid (neurotransmitter) |
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Term
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Definition
| Intracranial pressure (normal pressure is 5 to 15 mm Hg) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Monitered anesthetic care |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Magnetic resonance angiography |
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Term
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Definition
| Magnetic resonance imaging |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Positron emission tomography |
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Term
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Definition
| Proton stereotactic radiosurgery |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation; technique using a battery powered device to relieve acute and chronic pain |
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Term
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Definition
| Transient ischemic attack; temporary interface with the blood supply to the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| Tissue plasminogen activator; a clot dissolving drug used as therapy for strokes |
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