Term
|
Definition
| Antipyretic, Nonopiod Analgesic. Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins that may serve as mediators of pain and fever, particularly in the CNS. Analgesic effect, antipyretic. |
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Term
Acetaminophen
Side Effects |
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Definition
| GI -Hepatic Failure, Hepatotoxicity |
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Term
|
Definition
| NSAID. Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis which results in decreased pain and inflammation. Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic |
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Term
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Definition
CNS – headache. GI – Bleeding, hepatitis, constipation, dyspepsia, n/v. Derm – Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis. Misc. – Anaphylaxis NEPHROTOXICITY
Take with Food! |
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Term
|
Definition
| NSAID. Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis which results in decreased pain and inflammation. |
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Term
Naproxen Sodium:
Side effects |
|
Definition
CNS – Dizziness, Drowsiness, Headache. GI – Drug-induced hepatitis, GI Bleeding, constipation, dyspepsia, nausea. Misc. – Anaphylaxis and Stevens Johnson Syndrome. NEPHROTOXICITY
Take with food. Don't take with active GI bleed. |
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Term
Codeine, Oxycodone, Hydrocodone, Morphine Sulfate, Demerol, Methadone, Hydromorphone, Fentanyl:
Action |
|
Definition
| Opiod Analgesics. Binds to opiate receptors in CNS. Alters the perception of and response to painful stimuli while producing generalized CNS depression. Decreases cough reflex. Results in decrease of pain, coughing. Methadone is used to decrease severity of pain and suppression of withdrawal symptoms during detoxification and maintenance from heroin and other opiods. |
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Term
Codeine, Oxycodone, Hydrocodone, Morphine Sulfate, Demerol, Methadone, Hydromorphone, Fentanyl:
Side effects |
|
Definition
| CNS – Confusion, dizziness, sedation. CV – Hypotension. GI – Constipation, dyspepsia, n/v. |
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Term
|
Definition
Also known at Dilantin. Antiseizure med. Treatment of tonic-clonic seizures. Termination of ventricular arrhythmias. Limits seizure propogation by altering ion transport. May also decrease synaptic transmission. Arntiarrhythmic properties as a result of shrtening the action potential and decreasing automaticity.
NARROW THERAPEUTIC RANGE:
The therapeutic ranges for adults taking phenytoin have been established at 10.0-20.0 mcg/mL for total phenytoin (bound plus unbound) and 1.0-2.0 mcg/mL for free phenytoin (unbound only). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hepatatoxic, can cause cardiac dysrhythmias, rash, gingival hyperplasia. |
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Term
D5W:
Type of Fluid Replacement Therapy |
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Definition
| Isotonic solution. Although D5W is isotonic in the bag, D5W acts like a hypotonic solution once it enters the bloodstream because its low concentration of dextrose is quickly metabolized by the cells of lining of the vein and the circulating cells in the bloodstream. |
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Term
NS 0.45%:
Type of fluid replacement therapy |
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Definition
| Hypertonic. Replaces hypotonic loses to treat hypernatremia. |
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Term
NS0.9%:
Type of fluid replacement therapy |
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Definition
|
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Term
D5NS:
Type of Fluid Replacement Therapy |
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Definition
| Hypertonic, meaning it can help draw fluids out of fluid swollen tissues. |
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Term
D5NS0.45%:
Type of fluid replacement therapy |
|
Definition
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Term
Lactated Ringers:
Type of Fluid Replacement Therapy |
|
Definition
| Isotonic solution. The liver converts lactate to bicarbonate so don't give Lactated Ringer's if the patient has a diagnosis of severe liver disease as they won't be able to metabolize the lactate and may become acidotic. Also, avoid LR if the patient's blood pH is already above .50. |
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Term
IV potassium:
IMPORTANT Nursing Consideration |
|
Definition
Never push IV potassium!!! Needs to be administered very slowly.
Typically, a saline solution is used, with 20-40 mEq KCl per liter over 3–4 hours. Giving IV potassium at faster rates (20-25 mEq/hr) may predispose to ventricular tachycardias and requires intensive monitoring. A generally safe rate is 10 mEq/hr. Even in severe hypokalemia, oral supplementation is preferred given its safety profile. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Antiarrhythmias, anticholinergics, antimuscarinics. Given preop to decrease oral and respiratory secretions. Therapeutic effects include increased heart rate, decreased respiratory secretions. |
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Term
Atropine sulfate:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| Worry about tachycardia, arhythmias. |
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Term
|
Definition
Increases the force of myocardial contraction, prolongs the refractory period of the AV node, decreases conduction through the SA and AV nodes. Results in increased cardiac output and slowing of the heart rate.
Assess heart rate before and after administering (above 60)! HAS NARROW THERAPUETIC RANGE! Know what the range is. 0.5-1.2!!! |
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Term
|
Definition
| CNS - Fatigue CV - life threatening arrhythmias, bradycardia (dig toxicity). GI - anorexia, n/v |
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Term
|
Definition
| For the prevention/treament of iron deficiency. |
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Term
Ferrous sulfate:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| CNS - seizures. CV - hypotension GI - nausea, constipation, dark stools, diarrhea, epigastric pain. Take with food! Local - If given IM, skin staining can occur so z-track admin must be followed. If giving orally, must use straw to avoid staining teeth. |
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Term
Hydrochlorothiazide:
Action |
|
Definition
| Increases excretion of sodium and water by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule. Promotes excretion of potassium. Potassium wasting diuretic. Results in decreased BP in hypertensive patients and diuresis with mobilization of edema. |
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Term
Hydrochlorothiazide:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| F&E - hypokalemia (potassium wasting) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Loop diuretic (most potent of the diuretics). Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the loop of Henle. Increases renal excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, potassium and calcium. Results in diuresis and subsequent mobilization of excess fluid (edema, pleural effusions). Decreases BP. |
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Term
|
Definition
F&E - dehydration, hypocholremia, hypokalemia (potassium wasting), hypomagnesmia, hyponatremia, hypovolemia, metabolic acidosis. Hemat - Aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis.
If someone is in accute Heart Failure, Furosemide is the drug in this class we'll use. Lasix and Dig are often given together and because Lasix can cause hypokalemia, effects of Dig can be potentiated! Must monitor patient carefully when they're on these two drugs together. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Potassium sparing diuretic. Inhibits sodium reabsorption in the kidney while saveing potassium and hydrogen ions. Weak diuretic and antihypertensive response when compared to other diuretics. Used to treat edema or hypertension while sparing potassium. |
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Term
Spironolactone:
Side Effects |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Atentolol, Metoprolol (Lopressor), Carvedilol:
Action |
|
Definition
| Beta blockers that results in decreased BP and heart rate. Decreases frequency of angina pectoris attacks, prevents MI. |
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Term
Atentolol, Metoprolol (Lopressor), Carvedilol:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
CNS - Fatigue, weakness CV - bradycardia, CHF, pulmonary edema GU - erectile dysfunction.
Lower heart rate, hypotension, dizziness. For atentolol, can cause hyper or hypoglycemia. When patients first start on beta blockers, patients will feel tired. |
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Term
|
Definition
| ACE inhibitor blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Results in decreased BP in hypertensive patients. Improved symptoms in patients with CHF, decreased development of overt heart failure, improved survival and decreased development of overt CHF after MI. |
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Term
|
Definition
Resp. - Cough CV - hypotension GI - taste disturbances Hemat - agranulocytosis Misc. - angioedema.
Need to monitor for potassium because it can cause hyperkalemia. Can cause heart remodeling (good). |
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Term
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Definition
Antihypertensive. Stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in the CNS which results in decreased sympathetic outflow inhibiting cardioacceleration and vasoconstriction centers. Prevents pain signal transmission to the CNS by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors in the spinal cord.
Results in decreased blood pressure, decreased pain. |
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Term
|
Definition
CNS - Drowsiness. GI - Dry mouth Misc - Withdrawl phenomenon.
Need to be careful in first dose to monitor for hypotension. |
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Term
Aspirin, Plavix, Heparin, Coumadin:
Action |
|
Definition
| All of these drugs have decrease platelet aggregation. In hospital setting, particularly for DVT, patient will be put on both Heparin and Coumadin. Heparin immediatly acts, coumadin takes a few days (about 5) to reach therapeutic levels. Know that we'll monitor PT/INR while patient is on Coumadin. INR value should be between 2-3 on Coumadin to be therapeutic. PTT will be monitored for Heparin. If the range is low or normal, Heparin dosage is not effective. Therapeutic range on Heparin should be 60-100 seconds. |
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Term
Aspirin, Plavix, Heparin, Coumadin:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Aspirin GI - GI bleeding, dyspepsia, epigastric distress, nausea.
With all the rest (except Trental) we're going to worry about bleeding (and with Heparin, Lovenox and Coumadin, worry about anemia). Lovenox injection is subq, DON'T inject in arm. |
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Term
|
Definition
Increases coronary blood flow by dilating coronary arteries and improving collaterol blood flow to ischemic regions. Produces vasodilation. Decreases (preload). Reduces myocardial oxygen consumption. Results in relief or prevention of anginal attacks, increased cardiac output, reduction of blood pressure.
More than one form. Sublingual: how many times would you take them (3, every five minutes). Rapid acting, assess BP. Can also be given via patch. More venous than arterial effect (relaxes). Nitrosorbate is a preventive medicine. |
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Term
Nitroglycerin:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| CNS - dizziness, headache CV - hypotension, tachycardia |
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Term
|
Definition
| Binds bile acids in the GI tract, forming an insoluble complex. Results in increased clearance of cholesterol, decreased plasma cholesterol and low-density lipproteins. |
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Term
Cholestyramine:
Side Effects/Nursing considerations |
|
Definition
| GI - abdominal discomfort, constipation, nausea. Nursing considerations: Comes in powder form, must be mixed with water or juice before taking. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you can. If it is almost time for your next dose, take only that dose. Do not take double or extra doses. |
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Term
|
Definition
| AKA Lipitor. Inhibits enzyme which is responsible for catalyzing an early step in the synthesis of cholesterol. Results in lowered total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Slightly increases HDL. Slows progression of atherosclerosis with with resultant decrease in CHD-related events. |
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Term
Atorvastatin:
Side effects |
|
Definition
| GI - Abdominal cramps, constipation, diarrhea, flatus, heartburn Derm - rashes MS - Rhabdomyolysis (rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle which is harmful to the kidney). Any unexplained muscle pain or weakness must be reported to HCP and drug will likely be dc'ed. Also, must monitor liver function while on these drugs! |
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Term
Metoclopramide (a.k.a. Reglan):
Action |
|
Definition
| Blocks dopamine receptors in chemoreceptor trigger zone of the CNS. Results in decreased nausea and vomiting, decreased s/s of gastric stasis, easier passage of nasogastric tube into small bowel. Indicated for prevention of chemotherapy related emesis. |
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Term
Metoclopramide (Reglan):
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| CNS - drowsiness, extrapyramidal reactions ( akinesia: inability to initiate movement and akathisia: inability to remain motionless, restlessness, neuroleptic malignant syndrome. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Chemical compound derived from cellulose. Used in the treatment of constipation. Like cellulose, it is not digestible, not toxic, not allergenic. |
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|
Term
Methylcellulose (Metamucil):
Side Effects/How to administer |
|
Definition
GI - Abdominal fullness
Must be given with full glass of water or juice. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Increases water content and softens the stool. Lowers the pH of the colon which inhibits the diffusion of ammonia from the colon into the blood, thereby reducing blood amonia levels. Results in relief of constipation, decreased blood ammonia levels with improved metal staus in PSE. For treatment of chronic constipation. |
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Term
Lactulose:
Side Effects/Lab Values |
|
Definition
GI - Belching, cramps, distention, flatulence.
Labs: Monitor amonia levels (for decrease) to monitor for effectiveness. |
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Term
|
Definition
| In pharmacologic doses, supress inflammation and the normal immune response. Has minimal mineralcorticoid activity. Indicated for management of a wide variety of chronic diseases including inflammatory, allergic, hematologic, neoplastic, autoimmune disorders. Used with other immunosuppressants in the prevention of organ rejection in trasnplantation surgery. |
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Term
|
Definition
| CNS - Depression, euphoria CV - hypertension GI - Peptic ulceration, anorexia, nausea Derm - acne, decreased wound healing, ecchymoses, fragility, hirsutism, petechiae Endo - Adrenal suppression Hemat - Thromboembolism MS - Muscle wasting, osteoporosis Misc. - Cushingoid appearance |
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Term
|
Definition
| Osmotic diuretic. Results in mobilization of excess fluid in oliguric renal failure or edema. Reduction of intraocular or of toxic materials. Decreased hemolysis when used as an irrigant after transurehral prostatic resection. Indicated in treatment of acute renal failure, edema, increased intracranial or intraoccular pressure. |
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Term
|
Definition
| CV - Transient volume expansion. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Long acting corticosteroid. Suppress inflamation and normal immune response. Has negligable mineralocorticoid activity. Can be used to decrease intracranial pressure. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Anti-spasmotic. Inhibits reflexes at the spinal level. Results in decreased muscle spasticity; bowel and bladder function may be improved. Used for head and spinal cord injuries. |
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Term
|
Definition
| CNS - seizures, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue GI - nausea |
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Term
|
Definition
| Causes vasoconstriction in large intracranial arteries. Results in relief of acute attacks of migraine. |
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Term
Sumatriptan:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| CNS - dizziness, vertigo. Derm - tingling, warm sensation Local - injection site reaction. |
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Term
Sinemet (levadopa/carbadopa):
Action |
|
Definition
| Levadopa-carbadopa. Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the CNS, where it serves as a neurotransmitter. Carbidopa prevents peripheral destruction of levodopa. Results in relief of tremor and rigidity in Parkinson's syndrome. |
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Term
Sinemet (Levadopa-carbadopa):
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| CNS - Involuntary movements. GI - n/v |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blocks cholinergic activity in the CNS which is partially responsible for the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Restores the natural balance of neurotransmitters in the CNS. Results in a reduction of tremors and rigidity. |
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|
Term
Benztropine:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| EENT - Blurred vision, dry eyes. GI - Constipation, dry mouth. |
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|
Term
Promethazine (phenergan):
Action |
|
Definition
| Antiemetic. Generally used in the treatment of cancer. |
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|
Term
Promethazine:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| CNS – Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (life threatening, starts with muscle cramps, fever, variation in BP, changes in LOC, tremors, etc.; progresses rapidly), confusion, disorientation, sedation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits normal immune responses by inhibiting interleukin-2, a factor necessary for initiation of T-cell activity. This results in the prevention of rejection reactions. Slowed progression of rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis. For treatment of rejection in cardiac, renal and hepatic transplant, treatment of severe rheumatoid arthritis and severe psoriasis. |
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Term
Cyclosporine:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| CNS - Seizures, tremor. CV - hypertension GI - diarrhea, hepatotoxicity, n/v. GU - nephrotoxicity. Derm - hirsutism Misc - gingival hyperplasia, hypersensitivity reactions, infections |
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Term
|
Definition
| Antagonizes purine metabolism with subsequent inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis. Results in the suppression of cell0mediated immunity and altered antibody formation. Used for prevention of renal transplant rejection (with corticosteroids, local radiation or other cytotoxic agents). Treatment of severe active, erosive rheumatoid arthritis unresponsive to more conventional therapy. |
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Term
Azathioprine:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| GI - Anorexia, hepatotoxicty, nausea, vomiting Hemat - Anemia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia Misc. - Serum sickness |
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Term
|
Definition
| AKA Versed. Benzodiazepine. Antianxiety, sedative/hypnotic. Preoperational sedation and anxiolysis. Acts at many levels of the CNS to produce generalized CNS depression. Short-term sedation. Postoperative amnesia. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Resp. - Apnea, laryngospasm, respiratory depression. CV - Cardiac arrest. Local - Phlebitis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Antiemetic. Decreased incidence and severity of n/v following chemo or surgery. |
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Term
Ondansetron:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| CNS – Headache. GI – Constipation, diarrhea. |
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Term
|
Definition
| General anesthetic. Short acting hypnotic, mechanism of action unknown. Produces amnesia, has no analgesic effects. |
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Term
|
Definition
| CNS - Apnea CV - Bradycardia, hypotension Local - Burning, pain, stinging Misc - Propofol infusion syndrome |
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Term
|
Definition
| IM or IV iron used for treatment of iron deficiency anemia in patients who cannot tolerate or receive oral iron. |
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|
Term
Iron dextran:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| CNS - seizures. CV - hypotension. Local - If given IM, skin staining can occur so z-track admin must be followed. Also, pain at the IM site can occur. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine, resulting in lowering of cholesterol. Used alone or with other agents in the management of dyslipidemias. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Adjunct to standard measures to improve blood pressure, cardiac output, urine output in treatment of shock unresponsive to fluid replacement. In small doses, dopamine stimulates dopaminergic receptors producing renal vasodilation. In large doses, dopamine stimulates dopaminergic and beta1-adrenergic receptors, producing cardiac stimulation and renal vasodilation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| CV - arrhythmias, hypotension. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Short term management of heart failure. Increases cardiac output without significantly increasing heart rate. |
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Term
|
Definition
| CV - hypertension, increased heart rate, premature ventricular contractions |
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Term
|
Definition
| Antiarrhythmic med used in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia. Has marked antimuscinaric effect on the heart and because of this, is not drug of 1st choice. |
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|
Term
Disopyramide:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| CV - Acute heart failure, severe hypotension. GI - dry mouth, constipation GU - urinary retention EENT - blurred vision, glaucoma Derm - Rash Misc. - Agranulocytosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Prolongs action potential and refractory period. Inhibits adrenergic stimulation. Results in suppresion of arrhythmias. Used for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias unrespinsive to less toxic agents. |
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Term
|
Definition
| CNS - dizziness, fatigue, malaise EENT - Corneal microdeposits Resp - Adult respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary toxicity CV - CHF, worsening of arrhythmias, bradycardia, hypotension GI - anorexia, constipation, n/v Derm - Toxic epidermal necrolysis, photosensitivity Endo - hypothyroidism Neuro - Ataxia, involuntary movement, paresthesia, peripheral neuropathy, poor coordination, tremor |
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Term
|
Definition
| Acts as a prostaglandin analogue, decreasing gastric acid secretion and increasing the production of protective mucus. Causes uterine contractions. Indicated for the prevention of gastric mucosal injury from NSAIDs, including aspirin in high risk patients. |
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|
Term
Misoprostol:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| GI - Abdominal pain, diarrhea GU - miscarriage |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blockade of sodium channels in neurons. Results in decreased incidence of seizures. Decreased incidence/severity of migraine headache. |
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Term
|
Definition
| CNS - Increased seizures, suicidal thoughts, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, impaired concentration, nervousness, psychomotor slowing, speech problems, sedation. EENT - Abnormal vision, diplopia, nystagmus GI - nausea Metab - Weight loss Neuro - Ataxia, paresthesia |
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Term
|
Definition
| Following conversion of MAO to its active form, selegiline inactivates MAO by irreversibly binding to it. Incativation of MAO leads to increased amounts of dopamine available in the CNS. Results in increased response to levodopa/dopamine therapy in Parkinson's disease. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of the enzyme that breaks down levodopa, increasing available levodopa availability to the CNS. Results in proglonged duration of response to levodopa with end-of-dose motor fluctuations. Decreased s/s of Parkinson's. |
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Term
|
Definition
| CNS - Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome. MS: Rhabdomyolysis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A purified immunoglobulin antibody that acts as an immunosuppressant by interfering with normal T-cell function. Indicated for use in transplants to prevent rejection. Used when other rejection meds are not working. |
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|
Term
Muromonab-CD3:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| CNS: Tremor. Resp: Pulmonary edema, dyspnea, shortness of breath, wheezing CV: chest pain GI: diarrhea, n/v. Misc.: cytokine release syndrome, infections, chills, fever, hypersensitivity reactions |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits viral HIV RNA synthesis by inhibiting the enzyme DNA polymerase (reverese transcriptase). Used with other antiretrovirals to control the progression of HIV. |
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Term
|
Definition
| CNS: Seizures, headache, weakness. GI: Hepatomegaly (with steatosis), pancreatitis, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea. F&E: Lactic acidosis. Hemat: Anemia, granulcytopenia. Contraindicated in pregnancy. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Combivir is a combination of lamivudine (150 mg) and zidovudine (300 mg). It is used to treat HIV. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Changes in body fat, anorexia, anaphylaxis, dark urine, dysrhythmias, n/v, changes in LOC, fatigue. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used to manage HIV infection. Binds to the HIV enzyme Reverse Transcriptase, which results in disruption of HIV DNA synthesis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| CNS: Headache GI: Hepatooxicity, elevated liver enzymes, nausea. Derm: Rash which may progress to toxic epidermal necrolysis. Misc.: Stevens-Johnson's syndrome, fever |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used to manage HIV infection. Inhibits thaction of HIV protease, preventing maturation of virions. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Used to cause drowsiness or sleep before surgery or certain procedures. Also used to stop seizures. Theopental is a barbituate, it works by depressing the CNS. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used to cause drowsiness or sleep before surgery or certain procedures. Also used to stop seizures. Theopental is a barbituate, it works by depressing the CNS. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Inhaled anesthetic. Induction and recovery are very rapid, so depth of anesthesia can be rapidly altered. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Reduced BP, decrased pulse rate, cardiac arrhythmias, increased cerebrospinal fluid (so not for use with people with increased intracranial pressure), Hepatic necrosis, cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, hyperpyrexia, shivering, nausea, emesis. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Cytoxan is biotransformed in the liver to active alkylating metabolites which interfere with the growth of susceptible rapidly proliferating malignant cells. Used to treat maligancies; particularly lymphomas, myelomas and leukemias. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Loss of appetite, hair loss, diarrhea, n/v, bloody stools, bloody urine, fever, pain, swelling, seizures, dyspnea. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Potassium sparing diuretic. Counteracts potassium loss caused by other diuretics. |
|
|
Term
Triamterene:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Apresoline (Hydrolozine):
Action |
|
Definition
| Direct acting peripheral arteriol vasodilator. Indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe hypertension. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CV: tachycardia. F&E: sodium retention. Misc.: drug-induced lupus syndrome. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Blocks vasoconstrictor and aldosterone producing effects of angiotensin II at receptor sites, including vascular smooth muscle and the adrenal glands. Results in lowering of blood pressure, slowed progression of diabetic nephropathy. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| CNS: dizziness. CV: hypotension. Misc.: angioedema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension and coronary artery disease. Combined with telmisartan as a common calcium channel blocker/angiotensin receptor blocker for hypertension. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Peripheral edema, dizziness, gynecomastia, tachycardia, impotence, Stevens-Johnson's syndrome, hepatitis, jaundice. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits the transport of calcium into myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in inhibition of excitation-contraction coupling and susequent contraction. Results in systemic vasodilation resulting in decreased BP. Coronary vasodlatio resulting in decreased frequency and severity of attacks of angina. Reductin of ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation or flutter. |
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Term
|
Definition
| CV: arrhythmias, CHF. Misc.: Stevens-Johnson's syndrome |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Required as coenzymes for lipid metabolism, glycogenesis and tissue respiration. Large doses decrease lipoprotein and triglyceride synthesis by inhibiting the release ofree fattyacids from adipose tisse and decreasing hepatic lipoprotein synthesis. Therapeutic effects are a decase in blood lipids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| GI: hepatatoxicity, GI upset. Derm.: flushing of the face and neck, pruritus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits peripheral lipolysis, decreases triglyceride production of the triglyceride carrier protein. Increases HDL. Results in decreased plasma triglycerides and increased HDL |
|
|
Term
Gemfibrozil:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| GI: Abominal pain, diarrhea, epigastic pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a.k.a. Lovenox. Low Molecular Weight Heparin. Used for prevention of venous thromboembolism, treatment of DVT with or without pulmonary embolism (with warfarin), prevention of ischemic complications (with aspirin) from unstable angina and non-ST-segment-elevation MI. Potentiates the inhibitory effect of antithrombin. Results in Thrombus formation. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Hemat - Bleeding, anemia. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Dose-dependant reduction in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and systemic arterial pressure in patients with heart falure with resultant decrease in dyspnea. Indicated for acutely decompensated CHF in hospitalized patients who have dyspnea at reset or with minimal activity. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Resp: Apnea. CV: Hypotension. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Management of life threatening ventricular arrhythmis by blocking beta1 and beta2 adrenergic receptor sites. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| CNS: fatigue, weakness. Hemat - Bleeding, anemia. CV: Arrhythmias, bradycardia, CHF, Pulmonary edema. GU: erectile dysfunction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Has bactericidal action against gram-positive organisms, specifically Staph (including MRSA), group A hemolytic strep and other forms of strep, C. diff, and various types of enterococci. |
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Term
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Definition
| GU: nephrotoxicity. Local: phlebitis. Misc.: anaphylaxis, including red man syndrome (with rapid infusion). |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to reduce symptoms of intermittent claudication as measured by increased walking distance. Accomplished by inhibiting cAMP phosphodiesterase III, which results in increased cAMP in platelet aggregation and vasodilation. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Manmade form of cannabis used to treat anorexia in AIDS patients. Also used to treat severe nausea in cancer patients. |
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Term
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Definition
| May be habit forming. Palpitations, tachycardia, vasodilation/facial flush, sweating. |
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Term
Pantoprazole (Protonix):
Action |
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Definition
| Proton-pump inhibitor resulting in diminished accumulation of acid in the gastric lumen, with lessened acid-reflux. |
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Term
Pantoprazole:
Side Effects |
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Definition
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Term
Vasopressin:
Side Effects |
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Definition
| Antidiuretic hormone. Alters the renal collecting ducts, allowing reabsorption of water. Directly stimulates musculature of GI tract. In high doses acts as a nonadrenergic peripheral vasoconstrictor. Results in decreased urine output and increased urine osmolality in diabetes insipidus. Also used to manage pulseless VT/VF unresponsive to shocks, asystole or pulseless electrical activity. |
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Term
Vasopressin:
Side Effects |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Suppresses secretion of serotonin and gastroenterohepatic peptides. Increases absorption of fluid and electrolytes from the GI tract and increases transit time. Decreases levels of serotonin metabolites. Also suppresses growth hrmone, insulin, and glucagon. Results in control of severe flushing and diarrhea associated with GI endocrine tumors. |
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Term
Sandostatin:
Side Effects |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits GI motility. Structurally related to opioid analgesics but has no analgesic properties. Atropine added to discourage abuse. Results in decreased GI motility with subsequent decrease in diarrhea. Adjunctive therapy in the treatment of diarrhea. |
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Term
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Definition
| CNS: Dizziness. GI: Constipation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is an anti-irritable bowel syndrome agent (5-HT4 antagonist). Short term treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in women whose primary symptom is constipation in patients <55 yr. |
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Term
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Definition
| Approved by the FDA in 2002, withdrawn from the market in 2007 as significant cardiovascular events were experienced in a statistically significant proportion of the study group, including MI and stroke. |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains lipolytic, amylolytic and proteolytic activity, resulting in increased digestion of fats, carbohydrates and proteins in the GI tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| GI: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, stomach cramps |
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Term
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Definition
| Potentiates the effect of serotonin and norepinephrine in the CNS. Has significant anticholinergic properties. Results in antidepresant action. |
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Term
Amitriptyline:
Side Effects |
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Definition
| CNS: Suicidal ideation, lethargy, sedation. EENT: blurred vision, dry eyes, dry mouth. GI: Constipation. CV: Arrhythmias, hypotension. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antiviral and immunoregulatory properties produced by interacting with specific receptor site on cell surfaces may explain beneficial effects. Results in reduced relapse (neurological dysfunction) and slows physical disability in relapsing MS. |
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Term
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Definition
| CNS: Seizures, depression, dizziness, fatigue, headache, insomnia. EENT: Sinusitis. GI: constipations, n/v, abdominal pain. GU: Cystitis. Derm: rashes. Endo: menstrual disorders. Hemat: neutropenia. Local: injection site reactions. MS: myalgia. Misc.: anaphylaxis, chills, fever, flu-like symptoms, pain. |
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Term
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Definition
| For the treatment of spasticity associated with spinal cord injuries, stroke, cerebral palsy, MS. Prophyaxis of malignent hyperthermia. Acts directly on skeletal muscles, causing relaxation by decreasing calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells. Prevents intense catabolic process associated with malignant hypothermia. Results in reduction of muscle spasticity. |
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Term
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Definition
| CNS: drowsiness, muscle weakness. GI: hepatotoxicity, diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
| A.K.A. Amantadine. Reduces symptoms of Parkinson's disease and drug-induced extrapyramidal syndromes and akathisia. The mechanism by which this drug works is not well understood. In treatment of Parkinson's, it is also combined with L-DOPA. |
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Term
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Definition
| CNS: anxiety, aggitation, insomnia, exacerbations of existing seizure disorders . Misc.: Stevens-Johnson's syndrome, suicidal ideation. |
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