Term
| Particularistic Norms (5) |
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Definition
| when norms for behavior vary from person to person |
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Definition
| the rules apply to everyone |
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Term
| postfigurative cultures (5) |
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Definition
| (margaret mead studied) these cultures socialize children almost exclusively thru contact w/ elders |
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Term
| cofigurative cultures (5) |
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Definition
| socialization is accomplished between ppl of the same age |
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Term
| prefigurative cultures (5) |
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Definition
| young ppl become adults' teachers |
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Term
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Definition
| small groups b/w 2 and 12 individuals generally of the same sex and age, defined by common activities or friendship |
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Definition
| based on identification of adol. who share similar image/reputation/ethnicity/neighborhood even if they aren't considered friends |
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Term
| Participant Observation (5) |
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Definition
| a research technique in which the researcher establishes a rapport w/ groups so they can infiltrate and join (ie--a researcher who pretends to be in hs) |
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Definition
| Crowds provide members with an identity in the eyes of other adolescents; membership in a crowd is a basis for one's own identity |
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Definition
| undesirable consequences of well-intentioned treatments |
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Definition
| stronger factor w/ delinquency |
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Term
| Socialization/Selection equal (5) |
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Definition
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Definition
| overly aggressive, withdrawn, aggressive--withdrawn |
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Definition
| aggression intended to harm other adolescents thru deliberate manipulations of their social/standing and social relationships |
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Term
| Hostile attributional bias (5) |
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Definition
| plays a central role in the aggressive behavior of rejected adolescents |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of separating students into different levels of classes within the same school |
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Term
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Definition
| integration of all students with special needs into regular classrooms (w/ this method, no social isolation occurs) |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which students are psychologically committed to learning and mastering the material rather than simply completing the assigned work |
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Term
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Definition
| those who don't go to college--about 1/2 fo adolescent population (20,000,000) |
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Term
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Definition
| when teens make a large amt of money at a young age and do not spend it wisely...increased cynicism about the value of hard work; lack of interst in working harder than is necessary; increased interest in buying drugs/alcohol; tendency to develop more materialistic attitudes |
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Term
| "Constant TV environment" (7) |
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Definition
| when teens are unceasingly exposed to television no matter where they go |
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Term
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Definition
| Teens become more able to imagine who they could be |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability/tendency to consider long-term consequences and imagine life in years to come |
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Term
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Definition
| how teens think about and characterize themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| who the adolescent really is |
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Definition
| who the adolescent would like to be |
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Term
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Definition
| who the adolescent most dreads becoming |
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Term
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Definition
| acting in a way that one knows is inauthentic |
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Term
| The Five Factor Model (8) |
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Definition
| used to study personality; based on the observation that there are five critical personality dimensions, often referred to as the Big Five |
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Term
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Definition
| (1) Extraversion (outgoingness) (2) agreeableness (kindness) (3) conscientiousness (responsibility) (4) neuroticism (anxiety, tenseness) (5) openness to experience (curiosity and imaginativeness) |
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Term
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Definition
| how positively or negatively an individual feels about him/herself |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to that aspect of our feelings about ourselves that shifts and fluctuates rapidly from moment to moment |
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Term
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Definition
| less transitory; less likely to fluctuate from moment to moment; relatively stable over time and is unlikely to be easily shifted by immediate experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| relatively stable factors such as social class, sex, birth order, and academic ability |
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Term
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Definition
| how much adols worry about their self-image |
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Term
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Definition
| how much they feel that their self-image changs from day to day |
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Term
| Erikson's 8 stages of development (8) |
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Definition
1) infancy (2) early childhood (3) play age
(4) school age (5) adolescence (6) young adult (7) adulthood (8) mature age |
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Term
| Identity v. Identity Diffusion (8) |
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Definition
| the maturational and social forces that converge at adol. force young ppl to reflect on their place in society, on the ways that others view them, and on their options for the future |
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Term
| The Psychosocial Moratorium (8) |
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Definition
| a "time out" during adol. from the sorts of excessive resposibilites and obligations that might restrict the young person's pursuit of self-discovery (ie--school for many years) |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by an incoherent, disjointed, incomplete sense of self |
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Term
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Definition
| when teens prematurely commit themselves to a role or series of roles and settle upon certain identification as a final identity |
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Term
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Definition
| when teens appear to select identities that are obviously undesirable to their parents and their community |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the point in the identity development process that characterizes an adolescent at a given time |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by an incoherent, disjointed, incomplete sense of self |
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Term
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Definition
| the process thru which parents attempt to teach their children about their ethnic identity and about the special experiences they may encounter within the broader society as a result of their ethnic background |
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Definition
| the more viable and psychologically healthier alternative |
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Term
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Definition
| select b/w "multiple worlds" |
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Term
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Definition
| teens with both highly masculine and highly feminine are high in this |
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Term
| gender intensification hypothesis (8) |
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Definition
| many of the sex differences observed b/w adol. boys and girls result from an acceleration in their socialization to act in stereotypically masculine and feminine ways |
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Term
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Definition
| that aspect of independence which is related to changes in the individual's close relationships, especially w/ parents |
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Term
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Definition
| the capacity to make independent decisions and follow thru with them |
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Term
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Definition
| more than simply being able to resist pressuers to go along with the demands of others |
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Term
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Definition
| involves a gradual, progressive sharpening of one's sense of self as autonomous, competent, and separate from one's parents |
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Term
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Definition
| emphasis is on the changes in the structure and organization of thought (3 kinds--preconventional, conventional, post conventional) |
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Term
| Preconventional Reasoning (9) |
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Definition
| dominant during most of childhood; external/physical events; not based on society's standards/rules; focus on rewards/punishments |
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Term
| Conventional reasoning (9) |
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Definition
| late childhood/early adolescence; how an individual will be judged by others; special importance given to roles ppl are expected to play; approval; maintain social order; no questioning |
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Term
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Definition
| emerges during late adolescence/young adult years; rare; rules/conventions of society seen as relative; occasions arise in which conventions ought to be questioned and when more important principles take precendence over est'd social norms; founded on broadly based abstract principles |
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Term
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Definition
| alternative to justice orientation; the idea is a morality of attnetion to others and responsiveness to human need |
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Term
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Definition
| rebellious identity (ie--a pastor's son becomes an atheist) |
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