Term
CNS stimulants
principal uses |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| amphetamine, dextroamphatamine, methamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine |
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Term
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Definition
| Act causing release of NE and DA, and partly by inhibiting reuptake of both. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increase wakefulness & alertness, reduced fatigue,euphoria, talkative, increase motor activity, elevate mood, augment self-confidence and intiative, stimulate respirations, supress appetite and perception of pain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Secondary to NE. increased HR, AV conduction, and force of contraction. Vasoconstrict bl. vessels, dysrhuthmias, HTN. |
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Term
Amphetamines
tolerance & dependence |
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Definition
| Regular use causes tolerance to elevation of mood, suppression of appetite, and stimulation of the heart and blood vessels. Chronic use causes physical and psychological dependence. |
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Term
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Definition
| Potential for abuse because of euphoria. |
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Term
Amphetamines
abstinence syndrome on DC |
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Definition
| Exhaustion, depression, prolonged sleep, excessive sleep, excessive eating, craving amphetamine |
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Term
Amphetamines
adverse effects |
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Definition
| insomnia,restless, extreme loquaciousness, weight loss, CV effects, psychosis |
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Term
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Definition
Dizzy, confused, hallucination, paranoid delusions, palpitations, dysrhythmias, HTN, convulsions, coma, cerebral hemorrhage, death
TX-chlorpromazine, phentolamine, diazepam, acidify urine |
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Term
methylphenidate & dexmethylphenidate
MOA |
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Definition
Pharmacologic actions same as amphetamines.
Promote NE and DA release and inhibit NE and DA reuptake |
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Term
methylphenidate & dexmethylphenidate
side effects |
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Definition
| insomnia, reduced appetite/wt. loss, emotional lability, stomach ache, HA, rebound symptoms, irritable/jittery, dysphoric, zombi-like, tics/abnormal movement, HTN, hallucinations, growth suppression |
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Term
methylphenidate & dexmethylphenidate
Efficacy in tx ADHD |
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Definition
Improve attentiveness & academic performance, behavior, impulse control, and peer relations while decreasing aggressive behavior.
Long-term:no significant improvements |
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Term
methylphenidate & dexmethylphenidate
abuse |
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Definition
| Can cause euphoria. Drug diversion |
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Term
methylphenidate & dexmethylphenidate
drug interactions |
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Definition
| psychostimulants, MAOIs, theophylinne, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, coumadin |
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Term
methylphenidate & dexmethylphenidate
dosing/length of therapy in ADHD |
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Definition
| Individualized. Titrate to max efficacy w/min side effects. May attempt DC at one yr intervals, but many do not outgrow disease |
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Term
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Definition
| chocolate, dessert, soft drink, and beverages from natural products (coffe, tea cola). |
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Term
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Definition
| Blockade of adenosine receptors.Vasodilate periphery, vasoconstrict CNS, relax bronchial smooth muscle, diuretic, crosses placenta. |
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Term
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Definition
| low dose-Decreases fatigue, increases capacity for prollonged intellectual exertion, dec # & duration apnea episodes, promote reg pattern breathing in neonates.Increased doses-insomnia, nervous, tremors. High dose-convulsions |
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Term
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Definition
| narcolepsy, shift-work sleep disorder, sleep apnea, fatigue, depression, ADHD, jet lag, drug induced sleepiness, MS fatigue |
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Term
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Definition
| Influence hypothalamic area of sleep-wake cycle inhibitors activit of sleep-promoting neurons, block reuptake NE |
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Term
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Definition
| HA, nausea, nervous, diarrhea, rhinitis, increase HR & BP, euphoria, altered perception/thinking/feeling, terotogenic, Steven-Johnsons, erythema multiforme,toxic epidermal necolysis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| related to Provigil-only difference is longer 1/2 life |
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Term
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Definition
| No medical purpose/rat poison. S/S early-pt fully conscious, stiffness in muscles of face & neck,tonic convulsions, increase reflex excitability. Late-convulsions alternate with depression episodes until death |
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Term
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Definition
| Neuropsych disorder of childhood. Possible DA & NE implications. Start 3-7y/o and persists into adulthood. Boys>girls |
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Term
ADHD
characteristics in childhood |
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Definition
Inattention-(off task, easily distract, incompletion of tasks)
Hyperactivity-(excessive movements)
Impulsivity-(act before think,changing activities often, disorganized, impatient) |
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Term
ADHD
Coorelation w/development |
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Definition
| genetics, fetal alcohol, low birth weight, head trauma, lead exposure, meningitis |
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Term
ADHD
management in children |
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Definition
1st line-stimulant drugs (2ndnonstimulants)
family therapy
parent training
cognitive therapy for child
collaboration of clinician, family, and educators |
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Term
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Definition
-Improved relationships
-Decreased frequency in disruptive bx
-Improved quality, efficiency, and quantity of completed school work
-Increased independence in self-care and age appropriate activities
-Improved self-esteem
-Enhanced safety |
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Term
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Definition
| Anxiety, depression, Bipolar, Tourette's, substance abuse |
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Term
ADHD
classroom interventions |
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Definition
Seated near teacher
Staff to review daily assignments
physical exercise |
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Term
ADHD
characteristic in adulthood |
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Definition
| Poor concentration, stress intolerance, antisocial behavior,anger outbursts, inability to maintain routines. |
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Term
ADHD
consequences untreated adulthood |
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Definition
| Job loss, divorce, driving accidents |
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Term
ADHD
management in adulthood |
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Definition
1st line-Stimulant drug
1/3 can not tolerate-nonstilmulant after failed stimulant attempt.
Combo with behavioral therapy |
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Term
ADHD
CNS stimulants drug therapy
list |
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Definition
| methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, mixed amphetamines, methylphenidate |
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Term
ADHD
CNS stimulants disadvantages |
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Definition
Have to see physician q month
Abuse potential
Responses tend to diminish after 2-3yr
Reduce NEGATIVE behavior, do not create positive behavior |
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Term
ADHD
non-stiumulant drugs
list |
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Definition
| Strattera, guanfacine, clonidine |
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Term
Srattera
therapeutic effects |
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Definition
| Reduces symptoms, max response takes 1-3wks |
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Term
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Definition
| Selective inhibitor of NE reuptake, causing NE to accumulate at synapses |
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Term
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Definition
| metabolized in P450 system, daily or BID dose |
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Term
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Definition
| Dyspepsia, N/V, reduced appetite, dizzy,anorexia, FATIGUE, SEDATION, somnolence, mood swings, trouble sleeping, sexual dysfunction, urinary retention, allergic reactions, suicidal thinking, appetite suppression resulting in wt. loss and growth retardation, liver injury, raise or lower BP, tachycardia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
guanfacine
use & side effects in ADHD |
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Definition
Adjunct to reduce aggression
-somnolence, fatigue, reduced BP(most pronounced initial therapy), wt. gain |
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Term
clonidine
use & side effects in ADHD |
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Definition
Adjunct to reduce aggression and aide in sleep
-somnolence, fatigue, hypotension, slow HR (increased by use of othe CNS depressants), heart block, dizzy, constipation |
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Term
Risperdal,Zyprexa,Geodon
use & side effects in ADHD |
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Definition
Control severe aggression
Improve hyperactivity and impulsivity
Beneficial is concurrent ODD/bipolar
-EPS, dizzy, hepatotoxic, wt. gain, increased prolactin |
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Term
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Definition
| Short term for severe aggression |
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Term
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Definition
| methylphenidate patch. applied 9hr, heat increases absorption |
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