Term
| What is acidic keratosis? |
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Definition
| Skin-colored to reddish brown or yellowish black ill-defined macule or papule wth a dry adherent scale |
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Term
| How is Actinic Keratosis treated? |
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Definition
| Liquid nitrogen or excision with biopsy if hypertrophic (hypertrophic has high chance of skin cancer) |
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Term
| Why should we treat actinic keratosis? |
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Definition
| Some purists state this is already an early stage of squamous cell carcinoma so it's best to get rid of it |
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Term
| What are some common sites of actinic keratosis? |
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Definition
| Dorsum of the hands, scalp (particularly in men with thinning hair) |
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Term
| There is a strong correlation between Actinic Keratosis and what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the second most common form of skin cancer in the US? |
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Definition
| Squamous cell carcinoma (700,000 cases/year) |
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Term
| Where is squamous cell carcinoma most commonly found? |
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Definition
| Head, neck, or hands of older patients |
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Term
| How is squamous cell carcinoma treated? |
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Definition
| Biopsy of lesion is necessary for diagnosis and treatment |
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Term
| What is the most common form of skin cancer in the world? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the appearance of basal cell carcinoma |
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Definition
| Translucent, pearly white dome shaped papule (HIGH YIELD) |
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Term
| How is basal cell carcinoma treated? |
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Definition
| Excisional biopsy if the lesion is small enough |
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Term
| What is the most dangerous and most serious lesion that dermatologists deal with? |
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Definition
| Malignant melanoma (not very common) |
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Term
| What is the prognosis for melanoma? |
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Definition
| Portenially curable with early diagnosis and treatment |
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Term
| What do we look for to determine whether or not to biopsy? |
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Definition
| the ABCDE's of melanoma (HIGH YIELD) - Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variability, Diameter, Evolving |
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Term
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Definition
| All suspicious lesions should be biopsied |
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Term
| What kind of advice should you give patients for avoiding skin cancer? |
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Definition
| Minimize sun exposure, individuals with high risk should use sunscreen daily, know that some medications can cause an increase in sun sensitivity, start kids early |
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Term
| What characteristic features indicate seborrheic keratosis? |
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Definition
| Stuck on, pigmented, greasy appearance w/ smooth tiny round embedded pearls or rough dry cracked, always well circumscribed border and appears stuck-on |
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Term
| What is the most common age group diagnosed with Seborrheic Keratosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is Suborrheic Keratosis benign or malignant? |
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Definition
| Benign but resembles malignant melanogma |
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Term
| How is Seborrheic keratosis treated? |
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Definition
| Removed for cosmetic purposes via cryosergery or curettage |
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Term
| Is a cutaneous horn benign or malignant? |
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Definition
| Provides no information, must shave off to determine what is underlying, often benign but may be pre-malignant or malignant |
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Term
| What are the features of condrodermatitis nodularis helicis? |
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Definition
| Painful, pearly papule, looks like basal cell carcinoma |
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Term
| Are cafe au lait spots cancerous? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease are cafe au lait spots associated with? |
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Definition
| von Recklinghausen's disease (NF-1) |
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Term
| What are are the characteristics of Becker's nevus? |
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Definition
| Brown macule, patch of hair or both |
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Term
| Is halo nevus benign or malignant? |
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Definition
| Benign but can resemble melanoma |
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Term
| What disease is halo nevus sometimes associated with? |
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Definition
| Turner's syndrome (18% of patients) as well as patients with Vitiligo and Melanoma |
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Term
| How do hypertrophic scars differ from keloids? |
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Definition
| Stays within the borders of the trauma and, keloids are larger than the area of trauma to the skin |
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Term
| What causes hypertrophic scars? |
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Definition
| Overgrowth of granulation tissue (type II and later type I collagen) |
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Term
| What are the characteristic features of blue nevus |
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Definition
| Slightly elevated, round, regular nevus, usually <0.5cm w/large amounts of pigment in dermis, scattering blue light due to tindel effect |
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Term
| Is blue nevus benign or malignant? |
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Definition
| Non-cancerous but can be malignant, associated with arising melanoma or melanoma may resemble a blue nevus |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of spitz nevi? |
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Definition
| Hairless, red/reddish-brown, dome shaped papules or nodules w/ a smooth or warty surface, color due to increased vascularity and may bleed from trauma, usually solitary and appears suddenly, needs to be excised |
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Term
| How androgenic alopecia (male pattern baldness) treated? |
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Definition
| Rogaine (topical minoxidil), propecia (finasteride-oral), transplants, weaves |
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Term
| What is trichotillomania? |
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Definition
| Hair loss usually in easily reachable areas, such as the frontoparietal region |
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Term
| What is the cause of trichotillomania? |
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Definition
| Hair is twisted around the finger and pulled or rubbed until extracted or broken |
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Term
| How is trichotillomania treated? |
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Definition
| Consider psychiatric referral |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of alopecia areata? |
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Definition
| Rapid onset total hair loss in sharply defined, usually round area |
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Term
| How is alopecia areata treated in patients older than 10yrs? |
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Definition
| Intralesional glucocorticoid (first line) and/or 5% topical minoxidil solution |
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Term
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Definition
| Bright cherry read, small (pinhead size to 1/4 inch), smooth or can stick out from skin |
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Term
| How is cherry angioma managed? |
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Definition
| No treatment required but may be cosmetically removed |
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Term
| What are the features of Keratoacanthoma? |
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Definition
| Central core, looks like volcano, comes up within 2-3 weeks, lesions are solitary, smooth, dome shaped red papules or nodules w/central keratin plug |
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Term
| What are the three stages of hair growth? |
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Definition
| Catagen (transitional), telogen (resting0, and anagen (growing, 95% of hair) |
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Term
| The hair pull test should result in what? |
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Definition
| Fewer than 6 club hairs extracted |
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Term
| What is telogen effluvium? |
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Definition
| Premature termination of anagen, causing abnormally high number of hairs to enter telogen phase |
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Term
| What are some causes of telogen effluvium? |
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Definition
| High fever from any cause, severe emotional/physical trauma, hypo/hyperthyroidism, crash diets, acute blood loss, childbirth |
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Term
| How long after a traumatic event is hair normally lost? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drugs are commonly associated with telogen effluvium or generalized hair loss? |
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Definition
| Coumarin, heparin, propranolol, vit A |
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Term
| What is anagen effluvium? |
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Definition
| Abrupt hair loss from follicles that re in their growing phase, caused by abrupt insult to metabolic/follicular reproductive apparatus, greater hair loss than telogen effluvium |
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Term
| What is androgenic alopecia? |
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Definition
| Male pattern baldness due to progressive shortening of successive angen cycles |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive terminal hair in women that normally appears in men (beards) |
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Term
| What lab tests are first-line in evaluating hirsutism? |
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Definition
| Total and free testosterone levels (TSH and prolactin) |
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Term
| How is hirsutism treated? |
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Definition
| Anti-androgens, glucocorticoids, long acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs |
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Term
| How does alopecia areata differ from tinea capitis? |
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Definition
| Tinea capitis has positive skin test to Tichophyton antigen, is an immune response responsible for intense inflammation |
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Term
| What is alopecia totalis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is traction alopecia? |
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Definition
| Prolonged tension created by certain hairstyles, hair rollers, and hot hair straightening combs, may result in temporary or permanent hair loss |
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Term
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Definition
| Sharply defined ice pick-like depressions in nail plate |
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Term
| What nail changes are seen in psoriasis? |
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Definition
| Onycholysis (yello scaly debris that elevates nail bed), nail deformity, pitting, oil spot lesions |
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