Term
| define cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) |
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Definition
| The ability of circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen to the muscles to perform dynamic physical activity |
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Term
| Goal of the respiratory system |
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Definition
| supports gas exchange, promoting the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the environment into the blood in from the blood back into the environment. |
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Term
| Goal of the cardiovascular system |
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Definition
| Responsible for the delivery of oxygenated blood and nutrients to the cells to make energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate ATP. The cardiovascular system is also responsible for the removal of waste from the celll so it can be transported to it’s appropriate destination for elimination and recycling |
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Term
| What are the main components of the cardiovascular system |
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Definition
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Term
| Four chambers of the heart |
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Definition
upper= right and left atria
lower= right and left ventricles |
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Term
| what is the right ventricle responsible for? |
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Definition
| pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygen loading and carbon dioxide unloading |
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Term
| what happens after gas exchange occurs in the pulmonary circulation? |
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Definition
| blood returns to the left side of the heart |
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Term
| what is the left ventricle responsible for? |
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Definition
| Generating the force necessary to drive the blood out of the chamber in through the vasculature |
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Term
| What is the responsibility of the right and left atria? |
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Definition
| They act to provide support to their respective ventricles serving as a reservoir of blood that eventually moves into the ventricles |
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Term
| what does the vasculature consist of? |
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Definition
| Arteries, arterials, capillaries, venules, and veins |
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Term
| Systemic circulation versus pulmonary circulation |
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Definition
| systemic circulation the arteries in arterioles carry oxygenated blood in the pulmonary circulation the arteries in arterioles carry deoxygenated blood |
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Term
| what is the smallest and most numerous of the blood vessels? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are veins are responsible for? |
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Definition
| Delivering the deoxygenated blood back to the right side of the heart |
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Term
| ATP is an energy bearing molecule composed of what |
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Definition
| carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus atoms |
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Term
| What is possible because of the energy in ATP molecules? |
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Definition
| nervous transmission, muscle contractions, formation of nucleic acids, and many other energy consuming reactions of metabolism |
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Term
| To support muscle contraction during continuous exercise cells must continuously create ATP and equal rate to ATP use through a combination of what three primary metabolic systems |
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Definition
| Creatine phosphate(CP), anaerobic glycolysis, iand the oxidative system |
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Term
| What is the most immediate source of ATP? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Small amounts of CP are stored within each cell, one CP donates a phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate ADP to create one ATP. This allows for rapid production of ATP but is short-lived. CP system provides a TP to feel work during shorten tenants bouts of exercise such as disco throw shotput high jump. small amounts of CPR stored within each cell, 1CP donates a phosphate group to and no sign diphosphate ADP to create one ATP. This allows for rapid production of ATP but is short-lived. CP system provides ATP to fuel work during short-intense bouts of exercise such as discus throw shotput high jump |
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Term
| Explain anaerobic glycolysis |
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Definition
| Consist of a metabolic pathway that breaks down carbohydrates glucose or glycogen into pyruvate. The bond energy produced from that breakdown is used to phosphorylate ADP and create ATP. |
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Term
| Which metabolic system would produce ATP for medium duration intense exercise such as the 200 m or 400 m sprint events or any exercise and intensity that cannot be continued for approximately more than 90 seconds? |
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Definition
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Term
| When oxygen is available in the mitochondria of the cell pyruvate continues to be broken down into what and enters what? |
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Definition
acetylcholine
oxidative system |
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Term
| For the production of ATP in long duration or low intensity exercise, which metabolic system? |
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Definition
| Aerobic or oxidative energy system |
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Term
| The oxidative system includes what two metabolic pathways |
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Definition
| The Krebs cycle and electron transport chain |
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Term
| The Krebs cycle requires the presence of what macronutrients |
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Definition
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Term
| V02 is proportional to what |
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Definition
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Term
| From the rest to submaximal exercise video to reach is a steady state what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The point at which VO2 plateaus during submaximal aerobic exercise and energy production via the aerobic energy systems is equal to the energy required to perform the set intensity of work |
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Term
| What is the oxygen deficit |
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Definition
| The period prior to steady-state where the VO2 is lower than required to create an adequate energy for the given task |
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Term
| Why does the VO2 remain elevated after cessation of exercise |
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Definition
| because of the increased work associated with the resynthesis of ATP and CP with then muscle cells, lactic removal, and elevated body temperature, hormones, heart rate, and respiratory rate |
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Term
| what is the elevated VO2 to after the cessation of exercise also known as |
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Definition
| Excess post exercise oxygen consumption EPOC |
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Term
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Definition
| the highest volume of oxygen a body can consume |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| oxygen consumption (mL*kg^-1*min^-1) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| stroke volume (mL*beat^-1) |
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Term
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Definition
| arteriovenous oxygen difference |
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Term
| What is resting VO2 or resting oxygen content |
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Definition
20mL*dL^-1 in arterial blood
15 mL in venous blood
yielding a a-VO2 diff of 5mL |
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Term
| what is the a-VO2 response to graded intensity exercise |
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Definition
| venous Oxygen content decreases as a result of the increase consumption of oxygen by the working muscles result in an increase in a-VO2 diff with increasing exercise intensity |
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Term
| What is heart rate response to graded exercise intensity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The product of SVT and HR and is also a measure of blood pumped per minute. |
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Term
| Blood pressure is proportional to what |
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Definition
| The product of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance |
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Term
| What is Systolic pressure |
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Definition
| The pressure in the arteries during ventricular contraction or systole and his heavily influenced by changes in cardiac output |
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Term
| What is diastolic pressure |
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Definition
| The pressure in the arteries in the heart is relaxed or distally and is heavily influenced by TPR |
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Term
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Definition
mean arterial pressure, it is the average BP in the arterial system over one complete cardiac cycle
MAP=DPB + .33(SBP-DBP) |
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Term
| When should the HFS assess blood pressure and heart rate while performing graded exercise |
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Definition
Before during and after
and at each exercise intensity |
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Term
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Definition
rate pressure product
RPP=HR*SBP
It serves as an estimate of myocardial oxygen demand |
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Term
| Thank in the RPP be useful |
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Definition
| It can be useful to the HFS when performing exercise testing or prescribing exercise to clients of cardiovascular disease who have been medically cleared for exercise |
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Term
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Definition
| And an assessment and an umbrella term that’s an indicator of the functional capacity of the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and muscles to work in synchrony to support dynamic, large muscle mass exercise. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used for screening, diagnosis, and prognosis of medical condition. It is also used in clinical and healthy population is to get insight into the most appropriate frequency, intensity, duration, and motor exercises to prescribe and create an individualized exercise programs, and as a motivational tool to help keep track progress and continually set obtainable short-term goals |
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Term
| Name the four cardiorespiratory fitness assessment techniques |
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Definition
1. maximal oxygen uptake VO2 max
2. Sub maximal oxygen uptake
3. Step test
4. Field test |
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Term
| How to test maximal oxygen uptake |
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Definition
it is maximum intensity
Open circuit spirometry during graded exercise test to volitional fatigue
Equipment needed – treadmill, cycle ergometer, arm ergometer, etc |
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Term
| How to test submaximal oxygen uptake |
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Definition
Intensity = submaximal
A strand- rhyming cycle ergometer test, YMCA cycle ergometer
test
Equipment needed- cycle ergometer |
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Term
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Definition
Queens College McArdle step test
Harvard step test
Astrand rhyming step test
equipment needed- Aerobic step or specific height bench, metronome |
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Term
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Definition
Maximal or submaximal intensity
Rockport walk
12 minute walk run test
One and a half mile run test
equipment needed – level walking running surface |
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Term
| CRF in pregnant women recommendations |
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Definition
| Exercise is not contraindicated can follow the easiest time is surgery is recommendation for 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise befo exercise is not contraindicated follow the easiest time is surgery is recommendation for 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise. 50-60% VO2max (lower end). For women who are currently active (prior to pregnancy) they can exercise at a higher workload |
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Term
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Definition
| (MET*kg*3.5)/200= kcal*min^-1 |
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Term
| how many kcal is 1lb of fat |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (METS)*(3.5)*(kg)/(1000)*(5)*(min)/(3500) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| step height is expressed in |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Frequency, intensity, time or duration, and type or mode |
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Term
| Aerobic evidence based recommendation for Frequency |
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Definition
| Five days per week or more of moderate exercise, or three or more days a week they can rest exercise, or a combination of Moderate and vigorous exercise on 3 to 5 days a week |
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Term
| Aerobic exercise evidence based recommendation- Intensity |
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Definition
- moderate and or vigorous intensity is recommended for most adults
-Light to moderate intensity exercise may be beneficial and deconditioned persons |
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Term
| Aerobic exercise evidence-based recommendation time |
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Definition
| 30 to 60 minutes a day of purposeful moderate exercise or 20 to 60 minutes a day of vigorous exercise or combination of Moderat and vigorous exercise per day is recommended for most adults. 20 minutes of exercise per day can be beneficial especially in previously sedentary persons |
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Term
| Aerobic exercise evidence-based recommendation for type |
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Definition
| Regular purposeful exercise that involves major muscle groups and is continuous and rhythmic in nature is recommended |
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Term
| Aerobic exercise evidence based recommendation for volume |
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Definition
| A target volume of 500 to 1000 meds per minute per week is recommended. Increasing parameter step counts by 2000 steps to read your daily step count of 7000 steps is beneficial. Exercising below these volumes may still be beneficial for persons unwilling or unable to reach this amount of exercise |
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Term
| Aerobic exercise evidence-based recommendation for pattern |
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Definition
| Exercise may be performed and one continuous session per day, or in multiple sessions of 10 minutes or more to accumulate the desired to ration and volume of exercise per day. Exercise bouts of 10 minutes or less may yield favorable adaptations and very deconditioned individuals |
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Term
| Aerobic exercise evidence-based recommendation for progression |
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Definition
| A gradual progression of exercise volume by adjusting exercise duration, frequency, and or intensity is reasonable until the desired exercise goal or maintenance is attained. |
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Term
| What is moderate intensity in VO2R and what is vigorous intensity and VO2R? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ways to measure intensity |
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Definition
| Heart rate reserve, rating of perceived exertion RPE, percentage of VO2 max, and percentage of age predicted maximum heart rate |
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