Term
| Epinephrine (energize heart) |
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Definition
| Most important drug; A1, A2, B1, and B2 receptors |
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Term
| Atropine (energize heart) |
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Definition
| Natural: nightshade, jimsonweed; Muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist |
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Term
| Vasopressin (energize heart) |
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Definition
| Anti-diuretic hormone; posterior pituitary. Promotes kidney water reabsorption |
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Term
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Definition
| Natural: foxglove; Na/K pump inhibitors; leads to calcium increase (slows heart but increases contractility) |
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Term
| Digibind (energize heart) |
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Definition
| anti-digoxin antibody (from sheep); used in toxic overdoses of digoxin to slow heart rate |
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Term
| Lidocaine (anti-arrhythmic) |
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Definition
| Amide anesthetic; blocks sodium channels in neuron cell membrane; no action potential propagation |
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Term
| Amiodarone (anti-arrhythmic) |
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Definition
| prolongs refractory period; blocks potassium channels |
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Term
| Procaine Amide (anti-arrhythmic) |
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Definition
| ester agent; breaks down to PABA (allergic reaction); blocks nerve impulses, decreases heart irritability; slows down heart (QT prolongation) |
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Term
| Nitroglycerin (Anti-ischemic) |
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Definition
| Dynamite; vasodilator (veins > arteries); 24 hour use causes tolerance (Caution with Viagra/Cialis!!) |
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Term
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Definition
| Opiate; mimics endorphins; dilates blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Natural: willow bark; prostaglandin inhibitor; blocks formation of thromboxane A which causes platelets to aggregate and arteries to constrict |
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Term
| Thrombolytics (Anti-clot) |
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Definition
| tPA, reteplase, streptokinase, tenecteplase; protein that breaks down blood clots; enzyme converts plasminogen to plasmin; smart way to do it is to put it right into the clot with a needle (reduce systemic effects, acts more locally) |
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Term
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Definition
| Clopidogrel; irreversible bind to P2Y. Prevents platelet aggregation and cross linkage (should be used if you have a stent in your heart- don't usually use with aspirin) |
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Term
| GIIB/IIIA Inhibitors (Anti-clot) |
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Definition
| inhibit receptor in the platelet membrane inhibiting aggregation; Abciximab (irreversible); Eptifibatide/ Tirofiban (reversible); Rarely used in ER |
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Term
| Beta Blockers (decrease blood pressure) |
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Definition
| Metoprolol, atenolol, propranolol, esmolol, labetalol; Inderal dose not cross BBB: test anxiety; avoid in asthma |
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Term
| Furosemide (decrease blood pressure) |
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Definition
| Lasix, blocks Na/K/Cl symporter in ascending loop of Henle; Loss of K, Mg, and Ca |
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Term
| Calcium Channel Blockers (decrease blood pressure) |
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Definition
| Diltiazem/Verapamil; vasodilator/AV block; decrease contractility and heart rate; danger with BB, somewhat reverse in calcium |
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Term
| Nitroprusside (decrease blood pressure) |
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Definition
| Potent dilator of veins and arteries; breaks down to cyanide |
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Term
| Ace inhibitors (decrease blood pressure) |
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Definition
| Low BP causes renin release; ACE blockages causes BP to stay low; Enalapril, Captoril, Lisinopril, Ramipril; not good to mess with mother nature |
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Term
| Dopamine (increase blood pressure) |
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Definition
| Neurotransmitter; increases HR and BP; cocaine and meth decrease reuptake; crosses BBB |
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Term
| Dobutamine (increase blood pressure) |
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Definition
| Stimulate heart (B1); less increase BP |
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Term
| Isoproterenol (increase blood pressure) |
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Definition
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Term
| Norepinephrine (increase blood pressure) |
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Definition
| Leave em dead (Levophed); More alpha stimulus: increase vascular resistance (limb ischemia); septic or neurogenic shock |
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Term
| Naloxone (reversal agent) |
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Definition
| Blocks opiate receptors; half life shorter than most opiates; can cause sudden withdrawal |
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Term
| Flumazenil (reversal agent) |
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Definition
| Competitive inhibitors or Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA); can't treat seizures with benzodiazepine; can cause withdrawal/and short half life |
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Term
| Glucagon (reversal agent) |
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Definition
| opposite of insulin; release glucose from liver glycogen; from the alph islets of Langerhans; Increases cyclic AMP in heart which reverses effects of BB and CCB; also relaxes LES |
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Term
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Definition
| Epsom salts; used in torsades de pointes; blocks Ca entry into cells... shortening QT interval; bronchodilator; relaxes uterus/eclampsia |
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Term
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Definition
| reverses acidosis; helps with toxicity of some drugs (TCA/ASA) |
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Term
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Definition
| The A of ATP; multiple receptors; blocks AV node and re-entrant SVT; caffeine blocks same receptors-blunts effect |
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Term
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Definition
| Natural sugar alcohol... biblical manna; filtered by glomeruli but not reabsorbed; osmotic diuresis; decreased intracranial pressure |
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