Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pCO2 is retained in the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pCO2 is blown off from the lungs |
|
|
Term
| excess H+ is excreted; HCO3 is excreted/reabsorbed as needed |
|
Definition
| Metabolic Regulation (Kidneys) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Buffering System; Respiratory Regulation: Metabolic Regulation |
|
|
Term
| pH is maintained in the correct range (Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid Buffer System) |
|
Definition
| maintaining the correct ratio between HCO3 and H2CO3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lungs- respiratory component |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kidneys - metabolic component |
|
|
Term
| Primary Respiratory Acidosis |
|
Definition
| Compensate with kidneys by retaining HCO3; occurs over 1-2 days |
|
|
Term
| Primary metabolic acidosis |
|
Definition
| Compensate with lungs by hyperventilation; occurs in hours |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory Acidosis: Primary Causes |
|
Definition
| asthma, COPD, severe pneumonia, ARDs; Ventilator setting is too low; CNS decreased; pulmonary embolism, overfeeding with TPN; anesthesia, opioids, sedatives |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory Alkalosis: Primary Causes |
|
Definition
| Hypoxia, altitude, severe anemia, increased ventilation, CNS stimulation, salicylates, nicotine, theophylline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decreased pH and the metabolic component (HCO3) is decreased (less basic compound) |
|
|
Term
| Types of metabolic acidosis |
|
Definition
| anion gap acidosis; non-anion gap acidosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased circulating acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased elimination of HCO3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Primary Causes |
|
Definition
| diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, alcoholic and starvation ketoacidosis, renal failure, ingestions: methanol or ethylene glycol, salicylates |
|
|
Term
| primary treatment of anion gap metabolic acidosis |
|
Definition
| correct underlying disorder: DKA- fluids and insulin, etc; renal failure- dialysis |
|
|
Term
| Secondary treatment of anion gap metabolic acidosis |
|
Definition
| HCO3 replacement reserved for patients with chronic presentation of metabolic acidosis |
|
|
Term
| primary causes of non=anion gap metabolic acidosis |
|
Definition
| diarrhea, pancreatic or small bowel fistula, carbonic anhydrase inhibition, renal tubular acidosis (decreased HCO3 reabsorption), Cholestyramine, Mg204, CaCl, Diamox |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased pH and the metabolic componenet (HCO3) is increased (because its basic compound) |
|
|
Term
| Metabolic Alkalosis Compensation |
|
Definition
| pCO3 rapidly increases to offset increased pH |
|
|
Term
| Metabolic Alkalosis Primary causes |
|
Definition
Sodium chloride responsive-- increased GI losses (vomiting, lax abuse), diuretics, cystic fibrosis
Sodium Chloride non-responsive- increased mineralcorticoid, ingestion of black licorice, TPN with too much acetate being used |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of NaCl responsive |
|
Definition
| correct underlying cause (anti emetics, d/c NG suction), volume resuscitation with fluids containing NaCl and KCl, switch to K-sparing diuretics |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of NaCl non-responsive |
|
Definition
| remove source of excess mineralcorticoids, modify the ratio of chloride:acetate in TPN, acetazolamide for patients unable to tolerate fluid loads |
|
|
Term
| decreased pH, increased pCO2 (primary disturbance), increased HCO3 (compensation) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increased pH, decreased pCO2 (primary disturbance), decreased HCO3 (compensation) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| decreased pH, decreased HCO3 (primary disturbance), decreased pCO2 (compensation) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increased pH, increased HCO3 (primary disturbance), increased pCO2 (compensation) |
|
Definition
|
|
