Term
| What is the difference between saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats? |
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Definition
Saturated fattty acid: A fatty acid that carries the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms. leaving no point of unsaturation
Monounsaturated: A glycerol molecule with one fatty acid attached
Polyunsaturated: Refers to triglyceride in which two or more carbons have double bonds |
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Term
| What do these five nutrients--beta-carotene,vitamin C, vitamin E, and the ninerals sulfur and selenium-- have in common? |
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Definition
| They all have antioxidant properties |
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Term
| What is the energy-balance theory? |
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Definition
| The principle that body weight will stay the same when caloric intake equals caloric expenditure, and that a positive or negative energy balance will cause weight gain or weight loss. |
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Term
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Definition
| A deficiency of sugar in the blood commonly caused by too much insulin, too little glucose, or too much exercise in the insulin-dependent diabetic; symptons include dizziness, lightheadedness, and unsteadiness. |
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Term
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Definition
| HDL= high-density lipoprotein; a lipoprotein that contains more protein than cholesterol. Labeled "good" cholesterol because it removes ecess cholesterol from the body. |
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Term
| What sort of problems will clients undergo during a workout if they are dehydrated? |
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Definition
| The client will fatigue earlier and lose coordination skills. Their performance can suffer when they lose as little as 2% of body weight due to dehydration. |
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Term
An individual comes to you complaining about recovery from their workouts. They are feeling very tired, and sometimes after two or three straight days they are unable to work out the next consecutive day. What might be happening to this individual from a nutritional standpoint?
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Definition
| This individual may not be restoring their glycogen appropriately after exercise. Studies show that inidividuals who consume about 1.5 grams of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight within 30 minutes after a moderate-to high intensity exercise session have better recovery rates. |
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Term
| What are some guidlines for fluid replacement? |
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Definition
| 1-2 cups (8-16 ounces) of fluid one hour before exercise, 4-8 ounces every 10-15 minutes during exercise, and 16-24 ounces during the 30 minutes after exercise. |
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Term
| How many milligrams of iron are needed per day and why is iron needed? |
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Definition
| 18 mg/day for women and 8 mg/day for men. Iron is critical for the formation of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen within the red blood cells. |
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Term
| How do minerals help the body? |
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Definition
| Minerals help to build tissues, regulate muscle contractions and body fluids, conduct nerve impulses, and regulate heart rhythm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Phytochemicals are non-nutrient plant chemicals that contain protective, disease-preventing compounds. It appears that they may reduce the risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease if consumed regularly. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antioxidants are compounds that preserve and protect other compounds in the body from free radical damage. Free radicals cause damage to tissues and crate health problems. they have been linked to the development of cancer, atherosclerosis, cataracts, and the aging process. |
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Term
| What are some risk factors for heart disease? |
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Definition
| High blood pressure; smoking; obesity; sedentary lifestyle; diabetes or impaired fasting glucose; family history or heart disease before the age of 55 in father or 65 in mother; elevated totla cholesterol (>220 mg/dL) or low HDL (<40mg/dL) |
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Term
| What are essential amino acids? |
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Definition
| Certain compounds that must be in the diet because thy cannnot be manufactured by the body; there are 8 essential amino acids of the 20 different amino acids needed to make proteins |
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Term
Name the six major classes of nutrients.
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Definition
1. Protein
2. Carbohydrates
3. Fat
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals
6. Water |
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