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| One Monarch thats has total power over the nation. |
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| Of the Bourbon dynasty, he unites France and changes the religion from Protestant to Catholic. He creates the Edict of Nantes which allows Protestantism, freedom of religion. |
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| Absolutist king that didn't want to rule france. |
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| Governed over france before Louis XIII came of age. He was an advisor that basically ran the country because Louis didn't want to. He was vey Machiavellian, manipulative, and weeded out dissenters. |
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Written by Dumas. It told a story of 3 friends, with Cardinal Richelieu as the villain. "All for one and one for all".
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| The advisor to Louis XIV and the apprentice of Cardinal Richelieu. He was dismissed by Louis XIV when he came of age. |
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| The sun King. He led France to a golden age and built the Palace of Versailles. He was frivolous and used the tax money for lavish things. He built the Hotel des Invalides, a rehab center for soldiers, and revoked the edict of Nantes. |
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| Built by Louis XIV. Located outside the city of PAris in the country side, away from peasants. The nobles lived inside with the king and waited on his every need. |
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| Ballroom in the Palace of Versailles that was covered in mirrors. |
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| Ruling family of France. Includes Henry IV, Louis XIII, and Louis XIV. |
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| Was married to Mary I of England, and proposed to Elizabeth I but was turned down. He launched the Spanish Inquisition which killed any non Christians in terrible forms of torture. He sent the Spanish Armada after England but was defeated. |
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| Philip II started it to destroy people accused of speaking out against the church. |
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| Defeat of Spanish Armada & Ivan the terrible |
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| The most powerful navy at the time. Belonged to Spain, defeated by Elizabeth I. |
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| Russian Czar during the 1500's. He built the Kremlin, and her defeated the Tartars. He had a terrible childhood; his parents were murdered and nobles raised him cruelly. He was married to Anastasia, but she died and he went crazy after, and accidentally killed his son during a quarrel. |
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| Fortress built by Ivan the Terrible, it was used as headquarters for government. |
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| Capital of Russia and location of Kremlin. |
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| Period of deceit amongst the nobles, There were many impostures trying to become ruler, and when the nobles didn't like what they were doing they were exposed as phonies and killed. |
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| Ruled from 1613 to 1917, Michael Romanov was chosen to become Czar by the nobles because he was related to the beloved Anastasia. He restored Russia from its time of troubles. His son Alexi established Russia's first theater. |
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| Ruled from 1672-1725, he westernized Russia. He traveled to Europe on the Grand Embassy tour, hiring Europeans to come back and teach the Russian workers how to build ships and such for 2 years. He created St. Petersburg and made it the new capital of Russia. |
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| Fortress built by Peter the Great. Referred to as "Window to the West" and its architecture was remolded after European designs. It became the new capital of Russia. |
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| Lasted from 1700-1721 between Sweden and Russia. Peter the Great won the war and expanded Russia borders into Swedish territory to build St. Petersburg. It put Russia on the map of others as a growing power. |
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| Russia's attempt to industrialize and become more like europe. |
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| St. Petersburg/ Westernization |
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| A tour the Peter the Great took around Europe. It was supposed to last 2 years, but Peter left after 1 year due to his plotting sister. Peter walked around with a large entourage, attempting to look like a commoner. HE was so amazed by European ideas, he wanted to make Russia the same way. |
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| Eastern Orthodox Religion |
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| Originated from the Byzantine empire, it was adopted by the Russians who called it the Russian Orthodox Religion. |
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| Ports on the Baltic Sea found by Peter the Great |
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| Russia's first and only female czar. She was a German Princess that wanted all of Russia to forget that she was foreign, so she adopted all Russian traditions. She found warm water ports. |
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| Catherine is crowned, continues westernization. |
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| The Winter Palace was built by Elizabeth, Peter the Great's daughter. She was extravagant, and spent the money lavishly. She wanted a new palace because it was difficult to get to parties in the one that Peter built. She bankrupted the Russian Economy. The Hermitage is now a museum that is open to the public to see the Winter Palace. |
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| Catherine's palace near St. Petersburg is a complete chamber decoration of amber panels blackened with gold leaf mirrors. Due to its singular beauty, it was dubbed the "Eighth Wonder of the World". |
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| Located on the Black Sea, found by Catherine the Great. |
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| People bound to the land, not the lord. |
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| One of the most important royal houses of Europe, sometimes referred to as the House of Austria. It housed the Holy Roman Emperors along with Austrian Rulers. |
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| 1618-1648, war fought in Germany, it was one of the most destructive in European history. It was a religious conflict between the Protestants and the Catholics of the Holy Roman Empire. |
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| The Dutch War of Independence. 1568-1648, the Dutch revolted against Philip II of Spain. |
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| The only female ruler of the Habsburg house as well as the last Habsburg ruler. |
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| The Holy Roman Emperor during 1765-1790. He was the ruler of the Habsburg lands. |
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| The king of Prussia, he attacked Austria and claimed Silesia during the Silesian War. |
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| The first global war that originated between English and French powers. The French and Indian war was one of the battles fought. |
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| Architecture was a new type of architecture started in the 16th century in Italy. It was a new type of architecture started in the 16th century in Italy. It was in response to the Counter Reformation. Its embellishments were on the one hand more accessible to the emotions and on the other hand, a visible statement of the wealth and power of the church. |
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