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| a ruler who governs alone and is not restrained by laws, a constitution, or custom |
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| The doctrine that monarchs derive their right to rule directly from God and are accountable only to God. |
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| the fleet sent against England by Philip II of Spain in 1588. |
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| An impractical idealist bent on righting incorrigible wrongs. |
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| The act of inflating or the state of being inflated. |
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| separated civil from religious unity, treated some Protestants for the first time as more than mere schismatics and heretics, and opened a path for secularism and tolerance. |
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| the doctrines or opinions of philosophical Skeptics; universal doubt. |
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| the title of various government officials, esp. administrators serving under the French, Spanish, or Portuguese monarchies. |
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| War of the Spanish Succession |
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| fought among several European powers, principally the Holy Roman Empire, Great Britain, the Dutch Republic, Portugal, and the Duchy of Savoy, against the Kingdoms of France and Spain and the Electorate of Bavaria, over a possible unification of the Kingdoms of Spain and France under a single Bourbon monarch. |
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| A series of wars in central Europe beginning in 1618 that stemmed from conflict between Protestants and Catholics and political struggles between the Holy Roman Empire and other powers. It ended with the Peace of Westphalia (1648). |
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| A war fought in the middle of the eighteenth century between the German kingdom of Prussia, supported by Britain, and an alliance that included Austria, France, and Russia. Prussia and Britain won, and their victory greatly increased their power. |
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| a treaty between Charles V and the forces of the Schmalkaldic League, an alliance of Lutheran princes, on September 25, 1555, at the imperial city of Augsburg, now in present-day Bavaria, Germany. |
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| A historical region and former kingdom of north-central Europe including present-day northern Germany and Poland. |
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| A Russian czar of the sixteenth century. |
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| a member of a former privileged class in Romania. |
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| the second and last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917. |
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| a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. |
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| an English military and political leader best known for his involvement in making England into a republican Commonwealth and for his later role as Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland. |
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| the Restoration, began in 1660 when the English, Scottish and Irish monarchies were all restored under Charles II after the Commonwealth of England that followed the English Civil War. |
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| a legal action, or writ, through which a person can seek relief from their unlawful detention or that of another person. It protects individuals from harming themselves or from being harmed by the judicial system. |
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| the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland and II of Ireland) in 1688 by a union of Parliamentarians with an invading army led by the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange) who, as a result, ascended the English throne as William III of England. |
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| A monarchy in which the powers of the ruler are restricted to those granted under the constitution and laws of the nation. |
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| a small chamber or booth for special use, esp. a shower stall. |
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| a member of a group of Protestants that arose in the 16th century within the Church of England, demanding the simplification of doctrine and worship, and greater strictness in religious discipline: during part of the 17th century the Puritans became a powerful political party. |
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| An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown. And they do claim, demand and insist upon all and singular the premises as their undoubted rights and liberties, and that no declarations, judgments, doings or proceedings to the prejudice of the people. |
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