Term
| Embryological origin or parafollicular C cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Relationship of potency of T3 to T4 and halft life |
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Definition
T3 is 3x more active as T4
Half life is 3 d |
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Term
| Antithyroid drug that crosses the placenta |
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Definition
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Term
| Antithyroid drug that prevents coupling of MIT and DIT in thyroid |
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Definition
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Term
| Potential outcome of methimazole in pregnancy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Aplastic anemia/agranulocytosis |
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Term
| Antithyroid drug that inhibits peroxidases |
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Definition
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Term
| Antithyroid drug that prevents peripheral converstion of T4 to T3 |
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Definition
| PTU, propanolol, prednisone (all begin with P) |
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Term
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Definition
# Pts given high doses of iodine (KI soln, called Lugol's solution) which inhibits action of TSH on thyroid and inhibits organic coupling of iodide
# useful in thyroid storm |
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Term
| Type of thyroid cancer for which FNA is useless |
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Definition
| follicular or Hurthle cells- FNA can't distinguish b/w malignant and benign follicular cells |
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Term
| Most common type of thyroid CA |
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Definition
| Papillary (P for popular) |
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Term
| method of spread of papillary thyroid CA |
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Definition
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Term
| Effect of node positivity on survival in papillary thyroid CA |
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Definition
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Term
| Histologic finding a/w papillary thyroid CA |
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Definition
| Psammoma bodies (P with P) |
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Term
| Risk factor for papillary thyroid CA |
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Definition
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Term
| F:M ratio for papillary thyroid CA |
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Definition
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Term
| Age distribution for papillary thyroid CA |
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Definition
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Term
| Management of papillary thyroid CA |
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Definition
# if < 1 cm, lobectomy
# total thyroidectomy:
* B/L disease
* multicentric
* h/o radiation exposure
* positive margins
* tumors > 1 cm |
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Term
| Role of node dissection in papillary thyroid CA |
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Definition
# ipsilateral MRND if:
* clinically positive cervical nodes
* extrathyroidal tissue involvement |
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Term
| When post-operative iodine is given and duration for papillary thyroid CA |
|
Definition
# give I-131 for 6 weeks if:
* metastatic disease
* residual local disease
* positive lymph nodes
* capsilar invasion |
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Term
| Feature of papillary thyroid CA that affects prognosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Role of XRT for papillary thyroid CA |
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Definition
| for unresectable disease not responsive to I-131 |
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Term
| Timing of thyroid replacement after treatment for papillary thyroid CA |
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Definition
| after I-131 tx is finished because thyroid hormone replacement will suppress uptake of the radioactive iodine |
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Term
| Survival rates of papillary thyroid CA |
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Definition
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Term
| Method of spread for follicular thyroid CA |
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Definition
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Term
| Percentage of pts with papillary and follicular thyroid CA who p/w mets |
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Definition
# papillary- 20% of adults and 80% of children p/w positive nodes
# follicular- 60% p/w mets |
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Term
| Demographics of follicular thyroid CA |
|
Definition
F:M is 3:1
Peak incidence is in 50s |
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Term
| management of follicular thyroid CA |
|
Definition
# Total thyroidectomy with ablative Iodine therapy for lesions > 1 cm or extra-thyroidal disease
# Ipsilateral MRND if clinically positive nodes or extrathyroidal involvement (includinc capsular invasion)
# 6 wks of post-operative I-131 tx if > 1 cm or extrathyroidal disease
# if less than 1 cm, just lobectomy |
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Term
| 5-year survival for follicular thyroid CA |
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Definition
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Term
| Pathognomonic histological finding for medullary thyroid CA |
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Definition
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Term
| Percentage of MTC pts that have MEN2 syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Gastrin promotes increase calcitonin |
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Term
| Gene diagnostic for MEN2 syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| total thyroidectomy and neck dissection for positive node |
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Term
| Additional testing needed for pts dx'ed with MTC |
|
Definition
| screening for pheochromocytoma and hyperparathyroidism |
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Term
| Diagnosis if an enlarged lateral neck lymph node shows normal thyroid tissue |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Interpretation of radionuclide thyroid scan |
|
Definition
# hot nodule likely benign
# cold nodule higher chance of malignancy |
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Term
| 1st and 2nd step in w/u of thyroid nodule |
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Definition
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Term
| Management of thyroid CA during pregnancy |
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Definition
| operate in 2nd trimester and no radioactive iodine tx |
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Term
| Nerve that provides motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle and manifestation of injury |
|
Definition
# external branch of superior laryngeal nerve
# injury causes loss of voice projection and easy fatiguability of voice |
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Term
| Side more common for superior laryngeal nerve injury |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve that tracks close to the superior thyroid artery |
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Definition
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Term
| Position of RLN in thyroidectomy |
|
Definition
| Posterior to thryoid lobes in the tracheoesophageal groove |
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Term
|
Definition
| motor innervation to all of the larynx except for the cricothyroid |
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Term
| Anatomical relationships of looping of Right and Left RLN |
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Definition
| Left loops around the aorta, Right loops around subclavian or inominate artery |
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Term
| MC blood supply to the parathyroid glands |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
# Increase calcium binding protein to increase Ca absorption in gut
# stimulate osteoclast to release Ca and Phosphate
# increase renal calcium absorption
# increase renal phosphate secretion |
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Term
| Source of superior thyroid artery |
|
Definition
| 1st branch off external carotid |
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Term
| Source of inferior thyroid artery |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Source and course of thyroid IMA artery if present |
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Definition
| Comes from aorta or innominate and goes behid the isthmus |
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Term
| Venous drainage of thyroid |
|
Definition
# superior and middle thyriod veins drain into IJV
# inferior thryoid vein drains into innominate vein |
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Term
| Oncogene that increases risk of parathyroid adenomas |
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Definition
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Term
| Lab abnormalities a/w hyperparathyroidism |
|
Definition
| Increase Ca, decrease Phosphate, Cl:Ph > 33:1 |
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Term
| Pathognomonic finding for hyperparathyoidism |
|
Definition
| Osteitis fibrosa cystica- bone lesions from calcium resorption |
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Term
|
Definition
| Check urine Ca: if low, familiar hypocalciuric hypercalcemia |
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|
Term
| MC pattern of parathyroid adenomas |
|
Definition
# 85% have single gland adenoma
# MEN pts have 4 gland hyperplasia |
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Term
|
Definition
PPP:
# Pancreatic islet cell tumors
# Pituitary tumors
# hyperParathyroidism |
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|
Term
|
Definition
2 MPH
# MTC (nearly all pts)
# Pheo
# Hyperparathyroidism |
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Term
|
Definition
# MTC (nearly all pts)
# Pheo
# mucosal neuromas/Marfan's syndrome |
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