Term
Predominant bacteria type by location:
1. Stomach
2. Proximal small bowel
3. Distal small bowel
4. Colon |
|
Definition
1. Essentially sterile (increased colonization in presence of acid reducing medication)
2. GPCs
3. GPCs, GPRs, GNR
4. ANAEROBES! |
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Term
| Most common anaerobe in the colon? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common aerobe in the colon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of gram negative sepsis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathophysiology of gram negative sepsis? |
|
Definition
| ENDOtoxin (Lipid A) release triggers TNF-α release, which triggers complement activation |
|
|
Term
Insulin and glucose levels (up/down) in early sepsis?
Late sepsis? |
|
Definition
Early = Insulin DOWN, Glucose UP
Late = Insulin UP, Glucose UP |
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|
Term
| Treatment of C dif colitis? |
|
Definition
| minimize other antibiotics, ORAL VANC and/or ORAL/IV flagyl |
|
|
Term
| Usual time course for development of post-op abscess? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common bacteria in surgical wound infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of surgical wound infections? |
|
Definition
| Break in sterile technique |
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|
Term
Most common:
1. GNR in wound infection?
2. anaerobe in wound infection? |
|
Definition
1. E. coli
2. B. fragilis |
|
|
Term
| 2 causes of invasive soft tissue infection within hours of operation? |
|
Definition
C. perfringens
β-hemolytic strep (Group A strep) |
|
|
Term
| Most common nonsurgical infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of infectious death post-op? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Top three causes of line infections? |
|
Definition
1. S. epidermidis
2. S. aureus
3. yeast |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of necrotizing fasciitis? |
|
Definition
Early debridement (until reach healthy tissue, sometimes requires amputation),
high dose PCN and/or broad spectrum Abx
*(usually re-debride in 24 hours) |
|
|
Term
| Risk factors for Fournier's gangrene? |
|
Definition
| Diabetes, immunocompromised state |
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common organism in SBP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Risk of contacting HIV from a positive needle stick? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Medications given to decrease seroconversion to HIV after exposure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common intestinal manifestation of AIDS? |
|
Definition
CMV colitis
(can present with pain, bleeding or perforation) |
|
|
Term
| Most common site of lymphoma in HIV patient? |
|
Definition
Stomach
(2nd is rectum; *non-Hodgkins) |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of GI tract lymphoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of hepatitis C patients progress to chronic infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Risk of developing cirrhosis in Hep C over 20 years? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment of brown recluse spider bite? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacteria found only in HUMAN bites? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common bacteria found in dog and cat bites? |
|
Definition
| Pasteurella multocida (treat with Augmentin) |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of peritoneal dialysis catheter infections? |
|
Definition
| Intraperitoneal Vanc or Gent (keep catheter) |
|
|
Term
| PCN, Aminoglycosides--bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tetracycline, clindamycin, bactrim--Cidal or static? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of PCN resistance? |
|
Definition
| Plasmids encoding beta-lactamase |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of methicillin resistance in S. aureus? |
|
Definition
| mutation of cell wall binding protein (same as in VRE!) |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of aminoglycoside resistance? |
|
Definition
| mutation of transport protein |
|
|
Term
| If the peak level of antibiotic is too high, how modify the dose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the trough level of antibiotic is too high, how modify dose? |
|
Definition
| Decrease frequency of dose |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Group A strep or clostridial wound infection post op? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of action of sulbactam and clavulanic acid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of virulence of pseudomonas? |
|
Definition
| Inhibits protein synthesis by inactivating Elongation factor-2 (EF-2) |
|
|
Term
| Does H. pylori serology test for active infection? |
|
Definition
| NO! (cannot differentiate current vs. past infection) |
|
|
Term
| Most sensitive and specific way to test for active H. pylori infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Quantitative cutoff for positive bacterial wound culture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cause of UTI in young females? |
|
Definition
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