Term
|
Definition
| Alarm about a KNOWN threat |
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Term
|
Definition
| Alarm about a vague sense of threat: Generalized state of apprehension |
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Term
|
Definition
An anxiety disorder where you have excessive anxiety (general fear) and uncontrollable worry
-Usually hard to control the worry |
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Term
| For Generalized Anxiety Disorder you need 3 of... |
|
Definition
-restlessness
-fatigue
-difficulty concentrating
-irritability
-muscle tension
-sleep distrubance |
|
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Term
| Cognitive Factors of Anxiety |
|
Definition
1. Irrational/ Unrealistic beliefs and schemas
2. Cognitive Distortions |
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Term
|
Definition
When people with Anxiety disorders think or feel something that is not actually there
*Either in the form of Misperception of bodily symptoms (educate person to reduce threat perception) or escape or avoidance is maintained by negative reinforcement (exposure to unlearn anxiety, show that persons fears wont happen) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Asking a patient to write down things to help them with their anxiety |
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Term
| Cognitive Behavioral Treatments |
|
Definition
Ways that help people with their anxiety. They are:
-Exposure paired with relaxation
-change maladaptive, irrational assumptions
-stress inoculation
-cognitive therapy to challenge thoughts (cognitive homework) |
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Term
|
Definition
Repeated unexpected panic attacked which occur:
-at least every 2 weeks
OR
-followed by a month or more of worry about future attacks, or a change in behavior related to those attacks |
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Term
|
Definition
Abrupt onset of fear or discomfort that peaks in 10 minutes.
*Require one of these every 2 weeks or one followed by a month of worry for another one |
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Term
| To have a panic attack you need 4 of... |
|
Definition
-palpitations, pounding heart, rapid heart rate
-sweating
-shaking/trembling
-feeling of choking
-chest pain
-Nausea
-Dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting
-fear of going crazy
-fear of dying
-parathesia
-chills/ hot flashes |
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Term
| Etiology of a panic Disorder |
|
Definition
1. Misinterpretation in bodily changes
2. feeling scared and anxious
3. pounding of heart, shortness of breath, etc.
4. "Im having a panic attack"
5. Panic attack
6. Fear of future panic attacks |
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Term
| 3 ways to treat panic disorder |
|
Definition
1. cognitive schemas
2. Relaxation Techniques
3. Fear Hierarchy for exposure (interceptive exposure) |
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Term
| How cognitive schemas treat panic disorders |
|
Definition
| Helping someone identify their cognitions about bodily sensations, and help them understand their fight or flight response |
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Term
| Relaxation Techniques That help panic disorders |
|
Definition
Teaching someone to relax when they experience episodes of panic. These techniques are:
-diaphragmatic breathing
-progressive muscle relaxation |
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Term
|
Definition
A behavioral therapy technique used to treat panic disorders. It has people carry out exercises that make people panic, and then show them that they'll be ok afterward. These exercises are:
-shake head side to side (30 s)
-Run in place (30 s)
-Hold Breathe (30 s)
etc. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Intrusive and Recurring thoughts |
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Term
|
Definition
| Repetitive behaviors or mental actions that are repeated over and over to reduce anxiety |
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Term
| Obsessive Compulsion Disorder (OCD) |
|
Definition
| An anxiety disorder that involves intrusive thoughts that cause uneasiness and are only relieved by compulsions, or behaviors aimed at reducing the anxiety |
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Term
|
Definition
More often girls have it over guys
The lifetime prevalence is 1-2% |
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Term
|
Definition
-pursuing cleanliness
-avoiding particular objects (EX cracks on a sidewalk)
-performing repetitive, magical practices
-Checking (ex is the gas off)
-performing a particular act (chewing slowly) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Over activation in the frontal lobes and basal ganglia |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Exposure and Response Prevention
2. Drugs that increase serotonin levels |
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|
Term
| Exposure and Response Prevention |
|
Definition
| A way of treating OCD that involves exposing person to situations that elicit a compulsion, and helping that person resist that compulsion. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Persistent, intense fears, whose exposure leads to immediate and intense anxiety. Phobic situations are avoided, as the person is aware their fear is excessive or unreasonable |
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|
Term
| Classical Conditioning of Phobias |
|
Definition
People can be classically conditioned to have a phobia.
EX: If a dog, a neutral stimulus, bites a girl, she'll experience fright. The next time she sees a dog, she will have fright as though shes getting bitten. |
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Term
| Operant Conditioning of Phobias |
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Definition
| Person avoids the stimulus that causes the phobia, and the fear diminishes over time. There is a negative reinforcement to continue to avoid the stimulus |
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Term
|
Definition
A way to help with an anxiety disorder, specifically a phobia. One person goes through steps from least to most fearful, carefully step by step, until one has conquered their phobia.
EX:
1. Look at small drawing of snake
2. Look at picture of real snake
3. Look at a real snake in a cage
4. Look at snake close, out of the cage
5. Touch a real snake |
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Term
| Systematic Desensitization |
|
Definition
A process to help with anxiety disorders specifically phobias. The process is:
1. Deep Muscle Relaxation
2. Construct a fear hierarchy
3. Gradual Counter conditioning
-This is done by pairing the deep relaxation with each fear inducing situation on the fear hierarchy, moving up the hierarchy until finished |
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Term
| Post traumatic Stress Disorder |
|
Definition
| After Exposure to a traumatic event, trauma is re-experienced via flashbacks, dreams, physiological arousal and distress when cued. Leads to avoidance and increased arousal |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| When one has similar symptoms to PTSD but occurring at the time of the trauma (only within 4 weeks) |
|
|
Term
| To have acute stress disorder you must have atleast 3 of... |
|
Definition
-subjective sense of numbing, detachment, absence of emotional responses
-reduction of awareness
-derealization
-depersonalization
-dissociative amnesia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Experience very bad PTSD
-1 in 3 seeks care for mental health concerns
-20% on 2nd tour of duty experience anxitey disorder
etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Biological responsivity
-severity of trauma
-degree of exposure
-passive vs. acting coping style
-social support
-additional stressors |
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|
Term
| GABA on Anxiety Disorders |
|
Definition
| With low levels of GABA, your anxiety can feel like a "bicycle with broken brakes." GABA is the inhibitory neurotransmitter, without it we continue to "build up" anxiety, not relax |
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|
Term
| Norepinephrine on Anxiety Disorders |
|
Definition
| Low Norepinephrine levels can cause panic attacks |
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|
Term
| 5HT activity and Anxiety Disorders |
|
Definition
| OCD can be caused from low 5HT activity |
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|
Term
| Automatic Nervous System on Anxiety Disorders |
|
Definition
| The sympathetic one is what pumps you up (ACTION) while the parasympathetic one returns you to normal |
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Term
|
Definition
| Type of drug to treat Anxiety disorders. They act like minor tranquilizers, and the symptoms will reoccur if you stop taking the medication |
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|
Term
| Types of drug treatment for anxiety disorders |
|
Definition
-Benzodiazepines
-SSRIs
-MAO Inhibitors
-Azapirones (drugs that target 5HT synthesis)
-Beta Blockers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What schizophrenia was first described as, this stands for "early onset dementia." The phrase was coined by Emil Kraepelin |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Coined the phrase dementia praecox, which was thought to be early onset dementia. Eventually became what we know as schizophrenia |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The man who coined the term schizophrenia in 1911! |
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Term
| Eugen Bleuler's big message |
|
Definition
| He stated that schizophrenia was NOT multiple personality disorder, bluer's term refers to "splitting of psychic functions" |
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|
Term
| 3 categories of Schizophrenia symptoms |
|
Definition
1. positive
2. negative
3. disorganized |
|
|
Term
| positive symptoms of schizophrenia |
|
Definition
-Hallucinations and delusions!
-distortion of normal functioning, excesses or distorted behaviors
-"more than normal" symptoms, extra visions that reality |
|
|
Term
| negative symptoms of schizophrenia |
|
Definition
-blunted effect, alogia, avolition
-loss of normal functions, behavioral deficits |
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Term
|
Definition
| A negative symptom of schizophrenia where your emotions become "blunted" you almost "feel less" as a person |
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Term
|
Definition
| A negative symptoms of schizophrenia where you stop talking to people |
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Term
|
Definition
| A negative symptom of schizophrenia where you have the loss of will. It is the loss of the urge to do anything. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Having 2+ of the following over 1 month
-delusions
-halluncinations
-disorganized speech
-disorganized/ catatonic behavior
As well as social/ occupational dysfunction, and continuous signs of disorder for 6+ months.
Cannot be caused by substance use or another medical disorder! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of postive symptom of schizpphrenia. it is when someone has Fixed beliefs despite disconfirming evidence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Persecution
-Reference
-Control
-Grandeur
-Thought broadcasting
-Thought Insertion
-Thought Withdrawal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of positive symptom of schizophrenia. It is when sensory stimuli are perceived in the absence of external stimulation. In other words, it is "feeling" things without anything actually being there |
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Term
|
Definition
-Auditory
-Tactile
-Visual
-Somatic
-Gustatory
-Olfactory |
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|
Term
| Auditory Hallucinations Study |
|
Definition
| 24 patients with schizophrenia who experience auditory halluncinations (hear voices) were studied with an fMRI. People studied where the brains activated when people heard things compared to when people were talking to someone else. There was an overlap in the brain areas! Meaning people who experience hearing voices in their head have a hard time depicting whether the voice is a real one or not. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Breakdown in processing, organization, or control of thoughts |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of Thought Disorders |
|
Definition
-Loosening of associations (disorganized, jumbled speech, tangentialism, jargon (word salad))
-poverty of content
-clanging
-perservations
-neologisms |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| jumping from topic to topic. It is a disorganized symptom of schizophrenia and a symptom for thought disorders |
|
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Term
|
Definition
inventing/ creating new words
"you have a kerplanker?" |
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|
Term
| Symptoms of thought disorders are like... |
|
Definition
| disorganized symptoms of schizophrenia |
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|
Term
|
Definition
difficulty filtering out irrelevant or distracting stimuli from a "sensory overload."
-can lead to other neuropsychological deficits (attention, memory, exectuive functioning) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Behavior stemmed from disorganized symptoms of schizophrenia. It is when someone has gross difficulty with goal-directed behavior, such as such help skills like hygiene and dressing oneself, and agitation and agression |
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Term
|
Definition
| Repeated motor movements over and over. It is a type of disorganized behavior |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Having trouble sitting still. It is a type of disorganized behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A negative symptom of schizophrenia where one have neurogenic motor immobility and behavior abnormality. It is not reacting or barely reacting to external stimuli to the point where motor activity is almost non existent |
|
|
Term
| Negative Motor Symptoms of Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| catatonia, catatonic stupor, rigidity, waxy flexibility |
|
|
Term
| Emotional and Social Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
-blunted affect
-inappropriate affect
-avolition
-social withdrawal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Prodromal Phase
2. Active Phase
3. Residual Phase |
|
|
Term
| Prodromal Phase of schizophrenia |
|
Definition
Obvious deterioration in role function
EX: Change in personality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A term used to describe the state where one is "loss of contact with reality."
-People with psychosis are considered psychotic |
|
|
Term
| Active Phase of Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| When someone undergoes psychosis, or the phase where they lose their sense of reality |
|
|
Term
| Residual Phase of Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| Improvement in positive symptoms and continued negative symptoms of schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-paranoid
-disorganized
-catatonic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prominent delusions including persecution and grandiosity, auditory halluncinations
-It is the most common type of schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
| Disorganized Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| Type of schizophrenia that involves disorganized speech and a flat affect. Can have some delusions, and a general disruption of behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
This type involves people who are mute, in prolonged immobility states
-A lot of negative symptoms |
|
|
Term
| Time period to have schizophrenia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Time period to have Brief Psychotic Disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How someone looked before they got diagnosed with a heavy disease, in this case schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-People experience a lot of positive symptoms
-Good Premorbid Adjustment
-Laster Onset
-OK IQ
-Good Response to medication
-Higher in Women
-Neurotransmitter issue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Negative Symptoms
-Poor Premorbid Adjustment
-Early onset
-poor response to medication
-higher in men
-neurobiological (brain) |
|
|
Term
| Prevalence of Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| Lifetime prevalence is about 1% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Usually between 15 and 35 |
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia and society |
|
Definition
| Schizophrenia is found in EVERY society |
|
|
Term
| Gender incidence and Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Stress Diathesis Model of Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| The belief that when the baby is in the womb, environmental stress factors effect the chances of the baby being born with schizophrenia. |
|
|
Term
| Factors of Stress Diathesis Model of Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
These factors are what a mother can experience to increase the likelihood of giving her child schizophrenia. They are:
-complications during pregnancy, childbirth
-family factors
-stressors (precipitating factors)
-paternal age (of parents)
-Infectious processes |
|
|
Term
| Genetics and Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| Twin, Family, and adoption studies reveal that a predisposition of schizophrenia is transmitted genetically |
|
|
Term
| Adoption Study of Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| 49 children were born to schizophrenic mothers, and adopted away at birth. 5 developed Schizophrenia as adults, which means a lifetime is of 16.6%! Clearly higher with genetics |
|
|
Term
| Neuropathology in Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
people with schizophrenia have
-enlarged lateral ventricles
-decreased temporal, frontal lobe volumes
-under activity in frontal cortex |
|
|
Term
| What causes Schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
| We're not sure! but there is the dopamine theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The idea that dopamine, both not enough and too much, causes Schizophrenia!
-Not enough leads to a non active pre fontal cortex, and negative symptoms
-Too Much leads to over activity in the mesolymbic pathways of the brain, leading to positive symptomes |
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|
Term
| Anti Psychotic Drugs and Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
-Anti Psychotic drugs block dopamine receptors. Even though they take several weeks to show signs of helping they aid with positive symptoms of schizophrenia
*This makes sense, because Amphetamines (things that release dopamine) can induce psychosis (being psychotic, LOTS of positive symptoms) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Drugs that can cause the release of Dopamine, which is known to cause psychosis |
|
|
Term
| Over activity of dopamine neurons in the mesolymbic pathway... |
|
Definition
| in the mesolimbic pathway causes positive symptoms of schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
| Under activity of dopamine neurones in the mesocortical pathway... |
|
Definition
| Can lead to under activity in the pre frontal cortex, and this negative symptoms! |
|
|
Term
| Pharmacological Treatment for Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
-Most effective by giving medication to regulate dopamine levels.
-Medication maintenance must continue! If you stop taking the meds, you will relapse within 1 year |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Not getting enough Sleep!
can lead to depressed immune system, lower pain thresholds, and impaired memory |
|
|
Term
| How many Americans suffer from Sleep Deprivation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sleep Deprivation leads to... |
|
Definition
-Depressed Immune Functions
-Lower pain thresholds
-Impaired memory/ cognition |
|
|
Term
| Long Term effects of Sleep Deprivation |
|
Definition
-Cardiovascular Disease
-Ulcers
-Breast Cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
It is when people
-Dream
-Muscle Paralysis (cant move)
-50% of baby sleep is REM, 20% for adults |
|
|
Term
| 4 Stages of Non REM Sleep |
|
Definition
1. Easy to awaken, very "shallow" sleep
2. Light sleep: body increasingly still
3. and 4. deep (slow wave, delta) sleep |
|
|
Term
| Processes that occur during deep sleep |
|
Definition
-Body tissues are repaired
-Memories are consolidated (crystalized!) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trouble falling/ staying asleep; sleep not restorative |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excess sleepiness - leads to a lot of daytime sleep |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Irresistible attacks of sleep (randomly passing out!) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disruption of sleep due to breathing difficulties |
|
|
Term
| Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder |
|
Definition
| When someone's internal clock is mismatched |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Repeated awakenings of very bad dreams |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abrupt onset, hard to wake up, panicky scream |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Arising from bed and walking about |
|
|
Term
| Poor Sleep can lead to disorders like... |
|
Definition
-depression
-substance abuse
-anxiety
-demenita |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Alcohol, caffeine before bed
-daytime napping
-use of bedroom/ bed only for sleep or having sex |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for sleep deprivation |
|
Definition
-Medication (short term only)
-creating a sleep cycle
-narcolepsy: antidepressants
-apnea:surgery
-weight loss
-CPAP machine
-DIDERIDOO (flute thing) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| expose people to brick light and get their body into thinking its light out in order to fix someones sleep schedule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of Eating disorder where someone is below the normal weight for their age and height, and have an intense fear of gaining weight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
When someone has recurrent episodes of binge eating, and then behavior to prevent weight gain after. This includes vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, etc.
-Must occur twice a week for 3+ months |
|
|
Term
| Restricting Type of Anorexia Nervosa |
|
Definition
| Restricting your amount of food you eat because of your fear of weight gain |
|
|
Term
| Purging Type of Anorexia Nervosa |
|
Definition
| Causing yourself to vomit, laxative, etc, because of your fear of weight gain |
|
|
Term
| Purging type of Bulimia Nervosa |
|
Definition
| Self induced vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, enemas, etc |
|
|
Term
| NonPurging Type of Bulimia Nervosa |
|
Definition
| Fasting or excessive exercize after binge eating to prevent weight gain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Recurrent episodes of binge eating with a lack of sense of control. Episodes are associated with eating until uncomfortable full, eating when not physically hungry, eating faster, eating alone because you're embarrassed of how much one is eating, and feeling guilty afterward |
|
|
Term
| Prevalence of Anorexia Nervosa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prevalence of Bulimia Nervosa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eating Disorder Not otherwise Specified (EDNOS) |
|
Definition
| People who have an eating disorder but dont have enough of one criteria to fill a specific one |
|
|
Term
| Eating Disorders and Gender |
|
Definition
| Less common among males than females |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Typically 14-18 years old |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Late Adolescence - early adulthood |
|
|
Term
| Genetic Factors of Eating disorders |
|
Definition
| Genetically influenced personality traits determine how one responds to their environment, and thus their likelihood of getting an eating disorder |
|
|
Term
| Neurological Factors of Eating Disorders |
|
Definition
| They play a minor role in the likelihood of getting an eating disorder. Related to mood/ perception which contributes to maintenance of disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A family influence for an eating disorder. It is when the parent (usually the mother) has a large impact on the daughter, so the adolescent lacks individual identity.
Can lead to child forcing themselves to eat/not eat |
|
|
Term
| Common Psychological Factors with Eating Disorders |
|
Definition
-90% of people with eating disorder have another Axis I disorder
-They typically have a history of trauma, whether it be physical or sexual abuse |
|
|
Term
| Common Factors with Anorexia |
|
Definition
Person is:
-Perfectionist
-obsessive/ rigid
-restricted expression of emotion
-high need for approval |
|
|
Term
| Common Factors with Bulimia |
|
Definition
-Larger Fluctuation in mood
-Poor impulse control
-OCD like behavior |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for Eating Disorder |
|
Definition
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy!
-modifying eating patterns
-rewarding for eating more
-identifying faulty beliefs or expectations
-works 50% better than behavior therapy by yourself! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
biological, psychological, and social factors!
-used to think there was a difference between psychosomatic and psychophysiological disorders but no more! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| making use of psychological science to prevent, treat, and diagnose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| psychological factors involved with our health |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-decreased ability for hippocampus to switch off F/F response
-more chronic illness
-earlier death! |
|
|
Term
| Chronic Stress and Hippocampus |
|
Definition
Chronic Stress kills cells in our Hippocampus!
-Hippocampus is what turns off our stress response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stress triggers cytokines in our body which cause tissue inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Foreign substances in our body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Type of white blood cell, helps immune system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cells that store info about antigens so they make your bodies response to it better the next time the disease comes around
-BASIS OF IMMUNIZATIONS |
|
|
Term
| Lymphocyte killer T cells |
|
Definition
| Target viruses and cancer cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Help the immune system
-Too many gives you autoimmune disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Too many leads to HIV, body starts attacking itself! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
When your body acts as though tissues in your own body are dangerous ones
-causes from too many suppressor T cells |
|
|
Term
| Decreasing risk of infection related to stress |
|
Definition
| Social support, being optimistic, and a positive coping style actually decrease risk of infection! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Interkuekin-6 is activated by stress
-codes for protein turn on inflammatory response
-chronic stress leads to cancer, heart disease, diabetes |
|
|
Term
| Average non adherance to doctors of people who have HIV, arthritis, gastrointestinal disorders, and cancer |
|
Definition
| 25% of people with those diseases don't listen to their doctor! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
33.4 million people with AIDS worldwide
-20-40% of the adults in southern Africa are HIV positive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
No real treatment, even though it has improved
-Psychological treatments do help the psych adjustment and the immune system functioning however! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevent new infections! wrap it up! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When one's cell growth is out of control, causing the body to produce abnormal cells which invade other tissues and attack the body |
|
|
Term
| Effects of Psychotherapy for Cancer |
|
Definition
-REALLY HELPS
-Reduce stress
-increase positive mood
-healthy behavior
-closer adherence to medical treatment
**Psychotherapy found to reduce mortality rate in breast cancer by 56% |
|
|
Term
| Important Role of Psychology and medical illness |
|
Definition
To help people get through their procedures!
-very helpful in children |
|
|
Term
| "Meaning" effects of someone with a life threatening illness |
|
Definition
people discover positive consequences
-deeper spirituality
-social connection
-sense of purpose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Also known as High Blood Pressure!
-it is when your blood vessels are constricted, making your heart work harder than it usually would!
-puts strain on body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
when your blood pressure is 160/95 (because 140/90 or higher puts you at risk)
blood pressure is too high and strains body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The "pumping pressure." the first number |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pressure at rest. The second number |
|
|
Term
| High blood Pressure and social support |
|
Definition
It helps it!
-Physical affection reduces HBP
-Explains "anger and hostility" findings
-Angrier/ more hostile people experience less social affection, so they have higher HBP |
|
|
Term
| Psycho social treatment for pain |
|
Definition
| Pain can exacerbate your symptoms, talking about them can help them! |
|
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Term
| Psychosocial treatment for Pain VS. Relaxation |
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Definition
Psychosocial has no biological advantage, but provides someone with a better sense of control over their pain
-relaxation has positive effects on headaches, hypertension, pain in general |
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Term
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Definition
Has positive effects!
-helps with headaches, hypertension (high blood pressure), and pain in general |
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Term
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Definition
A program to manage and reduce stress proposed by Barlow (2001). Stated:
-Stress Diary
-Deep Muscle Relaxation
-Time management
-Assertiveness training
-Better than antidperessants!
The goal is to decrease the use of analdesics, help people cope with stress |
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Term
| The Bobby McFerrin Treatment |
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Definition
The "dont worry be happy" treatment
States to be optimistic and almost avoid your medical ailment. Directs focus away from life threatening disease |
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Term
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Definition
-Failing to fulfill major obligations (EX work or childcare)
-Can lead to exposure to physical dangers
-legal problems
All in all, someone in persistent social or interpersonal problems due to substance intake |
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Term
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Definition
When someone recognizes they have an excessive use to a drug, but cannot stop the use of the drug
-Develop a tolerance of the drug
-leads to withdrawal
-substance problems continues despite physical or psychological |
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Term
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Definition
AKA psychoactive drugs
-Chemical that alters mood, perception, or brain functioning
pretty much all "drugs" |
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Term
| What is an addictive drug? |
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Definition
A chemical that is self administered that leads to:
-compulsive use
-tolerance (which means more)
-withdrawal |
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Term
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Definition
-Nicotine
-Alcohol
-Caffeine
Some can be prescribed by a doctor as well, such as Xanax are opiates. And Marijuana! |
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Term
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Definition
-Stimulants (like cocaine and amphetamines!)
-Opiates (like heroin)
-Hallucinogens (LSD!!)
-Cannabis (marijuana!) |
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Term
| Sociocultural variables of substance abuse |
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Definition
| Media, family, friends (peer pressure) can lead to substance abuse |
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Term
| Psychological variables of substance use |
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Definition
-Mood alteration (make more happy moods, less sad ones)
-Your personal beliefs alter your use of the drug
-Personality, want for positive affect, dictate how much of the drug you want |
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Term
| Short term Actions of Alcohol |
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Definition
| Alcohol is absorbed from our stomach into our bloodstream, and then metabolized in the liver! |
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Term
| Deadly Blood Alcohol Content |
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Definition
over 0.5% can lead to death!
-legal impaired is 0.08% |
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Term
| Percent of Auto Fatalities and drinking |
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Definition
| 50% of auto deaths are when people have BAC over 0.16 or higher |
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Term
| Alcohol impairments on driving |
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Definition
| Diving attention, eye movements, glare resistance, visual perception, reaction time, certain types of steering, information processing |
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Term
| Long term effects of Alcohol |
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Definition
-Alcoholics reduce food intake when drinking, while alcohol has has no nutrient value, leads to deficiencies.
-also leads to death of brain cells and loss of gray matter
-immune system suppression |
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Term
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Definition
| When your body doesn't absorb enough vitamin B from drinking too much alcohol. and causes brain to have damage and amnesia |
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Term
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Definition
When someone is literally dependent on alcohol. They abrupt loss of it causes anxiety, depression, weakness and insomnia.
-leads to Delirium Tremens (severe withdrawal) and alchohol tolerance |
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Term
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Definition
| When someone has a panic attack and they then fear of getting another one |
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Term
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Definition
| A severe withdrawal reaction from a substance (example used was alcohol. Leads to trembling and hallucinations |
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Term
| First Prerequisite of Alcohol Dependence therapy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Causing someone to have an aversion to a substance, like alcohol. Getting them to associate unpleasant body sensations (nausea) with the substance stimuli |
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Term
| Controlled Drinking Training |
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Definition
| For moderate problem drinking, a program to get people to drink in moderation |
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Term
| Why is Nicotine addictive? |
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Definition
| Nicotine gets into the bloodstream. It reaches our brain receptors that control our dopamine release. The dopamine action is what makes it so addictive! |
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Term
| Cigarette Smoking causes __ in __ deaths in USA |
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Definition
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Term
| SMOKING IS THE SINGLE MOST PREVENTABLE CAUSE OF DEATH |
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Definition
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Term
| Prevalence of smoking cigarettes |
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Definition
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Term
| Lowest age group prevalence of smoking |
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Definition
| college graduates and people over 75 |
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Term
| Highest Prevalence group of smoking |
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Definition
| blue collar workers, native Americans, individuals with less education |
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Term
| Long term efficacy of Psychological treatments for nicotine dependence |
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Definition
| Sadly, long term treatments are typically poor for nicotine dependence |
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Term
| Psychological treatments for nicotine dependence |
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Definition
-making smoking unpleasant
-dissociate pleasant environmental cues from nicotine
-Making a schedule for smoking and gradually lessen the amount of times
*good short term, bad long term |
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Term
| Biological treatments for nicotine dependence |
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Definition
Substituting the nicotine from smoking with something else!
-Use nicotine patch or gum
-maybe E cigs
-Wellburtin (antidepressant that effects removing smoking) |
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Term
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Definition
| An antidepressant with effects on smoking cessation |
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