Term
|
Definition
| The degree to which treatment effects in an experiment can be accounted for by the theoretical mechanisms represented in the independent variables is called _______. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal behavior pattern that involved a disturbance of psychological functioning or behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deals with the description, causes, and treatment of abnormal behavior patterns |
|
|
Term
| Criteria for Determining Abnormality (Name the most common 6) |
|
Definition
1. Unusualness
2. Social deviance
3. Faulty perceptions or interpretations of reality
4. Significant personal distress
5. Maladaptive or self-defeating behavior
6. Dangerousness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Criteria for Determining Abnormality:
-Uncommon behavior, seeing or hearing things |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Criteria for Determining Abnormality:
-Behavior deemed normal in one culture may be viewed abnormal in another. |
|
|
Term
| Faulty perceptions or interpretations of reality |
|
Definition
Criteria for Determining Abnormality:
-Holding unfounded ideas or delusions, such as ideas of persecution that the CIA or the Mafia are out to get you, can be sign of a mental disturbance |
|
|
Term
| Significant personal distress |
|
Definition
Criteria for Determining Abnormality
-caused by troublesome emotions, such as anxiety, fear, or depression
-long, persistent, and impair |
|
|
Term
| Maladaptive or self-defeating behavior |
|
Definition
Criteria for Determining Abnormality
-Behavior that leads to unhappiness rather than self-fulfillment can be regarded as abnormal behavior.
-limits ability to function in expected roles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Criteria for Determining Abnormality:
-Harmful to oneself or other people may be considered abnormal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A lethargic or sluggish person was believed to have an excess |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An overabundance of _____ was believed to cause depression, or melancholia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An excess of ____ created a sanguine disposition: cheerful, confident, and optimistic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An excess ____ made people “bilious” and choleric—quick-tempered, that is. |
|
|
Term
| Jean-Baptiste Pussin and Philippe Pinel |
|
Definition
| argued that people who behave abnormally suffer from diseases and should be treated humanely. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Scientific method of study that examines the relationships between factors, variables expressed in statistical terms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A statistical measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables expressed along a continuum that varies between −1.00 and +1.00. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of bias in which differences between experimental and control groups result from differences in the type of participants in the groups, not from the independent variable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A scientific method that aims to discover cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating independent variables and observing the effects on the dependent variables. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Factors that are manipulated in experiments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Factors that are observed in order to determine the effects of manipulation the independent variable |
|
|
Term
| single-blind placebo-control |
|
Definition
| Subjects are randomly assigned to treatment conditions in which they receive either an active drug (experimental condition) or an inert placebo (placebo-control condition), but are kept blind, or uninformed, about which drug they receive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The degree to which manipulation of the independent variables can be causally related to changes in the dependent variables |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The degree to which experimental results can be generalized to other settings and conditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| examine the rates of occurrence of abnormal behavior in various settings or population groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the number of new cases of a disorder that occurs within a specific period of time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The case first diagnosed with a given disorder. |
|
|
Term
| Single-case experimental design |
|
Definition
| A type of case study in which the subject is used as his or her own control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In the epidemiological model, the number of new cases of a disorder occurring during a specific period of time are known as ______. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| every member of the target population has an equal chance of being chosen to be in the experimental sample |
|
|
Term
| stress and depression are somehow related to each other |
|
Definition
| A high positive correlation between stress and depression demonstrates that _______. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2003) called attention to the ______ of proven treatments and the ______ of treatments for which little evidence exist. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An area of the hindbrain involved in regulation of heartbeat, respirtation, and blood pressure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structure in hindbrain involved in body movements, attention, sleep, and respiration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forebrain, relays sensory information to the cortex and in processes related to sleep and attention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulates body temperature, emotions, and motivation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Emotional processing, memory, basic drives such as hunger, thirst, and aggression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Assemblage of neurons at the base of the forebrain involved in coordinating motor (movement) processes, regulating postural movements. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| division of peripheral nervous system that relays information from organs to brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| internalized representations of personalities of parents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| `The view that abnormality results from faulty storage, input, or retrieval of information is central to |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The psychological model which argues that abnormal behaviors are often caused by a combination of genetically inherited vulnerabilities and various life stresses is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Maria goes to a therapist for treatment for her text anxiety. Therapist helps Maria find her own explanation of what is wrong and focuses on how various events in her life, including her test anxiety, have kept her from living authentically. |
|
|
Term
| emphasize observable behaviors |
|
Definition
| Learning models of behavior, in contrast to psychodynamic approaches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gloria has test anxiety her therapist says that her problem is a learned reaction to the extreme demands for achievement placed on her by her parents. She said Gloria can learn to correct her problem by learning to relax in test-taking situations. This is called___model of treatment. |
|
|
Term
| humans could be classically conditioned |
|
Definition
| The little albert study demonstrated that |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| According to classical conditioning, learning occurs when stimuli are |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sexually frustrated woman interprets innocent glances from others as sexual advances. Her defense mechanism is___ |
|
|
Term
| demonic possession and natural |
|
Definition
| In the Middle Ages, abnormal behaviors were classified according to |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The current classification system used by most mental health professionals to assess abnormal behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diagnoses such as borderline personality disorder or antisocial personality disorder are described under |
|
|
Term
| Dissociative identity disorder |
|
Definition
| ____most commonly found in developed countries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| methods of assessment that yield similar results on separate occasions are said to have____ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| degree to which test instruments measure what they are intended to do |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Degree to which responses correlate with an independent external standard of what the assessment technique is intended to assess |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most widely used means of assessment |
|
|
Term
| as good as humans at obtaining information from a client and at reaching an accurate diagnosis |
|
Definition
| A review of research suggest that the best computer programs are_______ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Projective test are based upon ______theories. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tardive dyskinesia is closely associated with |
|
|
Term
| selective serotonin reuptake |
|
Definition
| Among antidepressant meds, which inibitor has the fewest side effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People using lithium to control bipolar disorder usually___ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shifting the burden of care of the mentally ill from state hospitals to local communities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Growing emphasis in American psychiatry on the ___ bases of abnormal behavior. |
|
|
Term
| suspiciousness and reserve |
|
Definition
| A culturally sensitive therapist who is treating an African American woman for depression would understand and value the clients _________. |
|
|
Term
| briefer and more direct treatments with curbs on inpatient care |
|
Definition
| Because of the predominance of managed care systems in authorizing payment for mental health treatment, today there is a greater emphasis on________ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the effectiveness of various psychotherapies may have more to do with the features they share than the specific techniques which set them apart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Physical disorders in which psychological factors play a causal or contributing role are known as ____ disorders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| about ____ cases of migranies in women between 15 and 55 years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this type of therpay has been found to help angry people control emotions |
|
|
Term
| high self-efficacy expectancies |
|
Definition
| Lower secretion of stress hormones is associated with ____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Avoidance and denial are forms of _____. |
|
|
Term
| Mexican Americans born in the Us. |
|
Definition
| In a Northern California sample, research found better mental health among Mexican immigrants than among _____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If a source of stress is unrelenting and enduring, Selye believes that we will develop _______. |
|
|
Term
| alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion |
|
Definition
| The proper sequence of stages in the general adaptation syndrome are ____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A coping style that involves reducing the impact of a stressor by ignoring or escaping it rather than dealing with it directly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A coping style that involves confronting a stressor directly. |
|
|
Term
| Self-efficacy expectancies |
|
Definition
| Beliefs in one’s ability to cope with challenges and to accomplish particular tasks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A cluster of stress-buffering traits characterized by:
1. commitment
2.Challenge
3. Control over their lives |
|
|
Term
| Type A behavior pattern (TABP) |
|
Definition
A behavior pattern characterized by a sense of time urgency, competitiveness, and hostility.
(negative emotions) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| form of persistent negative emotions, such as anxiety and anger, is a risk factor in heart-related problems. |
|
|
