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| a biological perspective in which abnormal behavior is viewed as symptomatic of underlying illness |
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| abnormal behavior pattern that involves a disturbance of psychological funtcioning or behavior |
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| the branch of psychology that deals with the description, causes, and treatment of abnormal behavior problems |
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| a prehistoric method that was thought to release demons where a hole is cut in a person's skull |
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| the vital bodily fluids, according to the Hippocratic belief system (phlegm, black bile, yellow bile, blood) |
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| the term given by Kraepelin to the disorder now known as schizophrenia |
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| a degenerative brain disease occurring when the bacterium that causes syphilis directly invades brain tissue |
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| the model of Freud and his followers, in which abnormal behavior is viewed as the product of clashing forces within the personality |
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| an integrative model for explaining abnormal in terms of the interactions of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors |
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| a systematic method of conducting scientific research in which theories or assumptions are examined in the light of evidence |
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| the principle that subjects should recieve enough information about an experiment beforehand to decide freely whether to participate |
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| a scientific method of study that examines the relationships between factors or variables expressed in statistical terms |
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| a statistical measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables expressed along a continuum that varies between -1.00 and 1.00 |
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| a research study in which subjects are followed over time |
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| a scientific method that aims to discover cause and effect relationships by manipulating independent variables and recording effects on dependent variables |
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| factors that are manipulated in an experiment |
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| outcomes of an experiment believed to be dependent on the effects of the independent variable |
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| a type of bias in which differences between experimental and control groups result from differences in the types of participants in the group, not from the independent variable |
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| a state of being unaware whether one has received an experimental treatment |
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| the degree to which manipulation of the independent variables can be causally related to changes in the dependent variables |
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| the degree to which experimental results can be generalized to other settings and conditions |
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| the degree to which treatment effects can be accounted for by the theoretical mechanisms represented in the independent variables |
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| research studies that track rates of occurrence of particular disorders among different population groups |
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| a research method in which large samples of people are questioned by means of a survey instrument |
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| the number of new cases of a disorder that occurs within a specific period of time |
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| the overall number of cases of a disorder in the population within a period of time |
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| the set of traits specified by an individuals genetic code |
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| an individuals actual or expressed traits |
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| the case first diagnosed of a given disorder |
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| studies that compare the traits and behavior patterns of adopted children to those of their biological parents and their adoptive parents |
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| a carefully drawn biography based on clinical interviews, observations, and psychological tests |
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| single-case experimental design |
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| a type of case study in which the test subject is used as his or her own control |
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| an experimental design that consists of repeated measurement of a subjects behavior through a sequence alternating baseline and treatment phases |
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| patterns of abnormal behavior found within only one or a few cultures |
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| in psychological assessment, the consistency of a measure or diagnostic instrument or system |
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| the degree to which a test or diagnostic system measures the traits or constructs it purports to measure |
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| the negative stereotyping of people who are identified as mentally ill |
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| the degree to which content of a test or measure represents the content domain of the construct it purports to measure |
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| the degree to which a test correlates with an independent, external criterion or standard |
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| the degree to which a test measures the hypothetical construct it purports to measure |
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| self-report personality tests that can be scored objectively and that are based on a research foundation |
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| psychological tests that present ambiguous stimuli onto which the examinee is thought to project his or her personality and unconscious motives |
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| the ability to perceive the world accurately and to distinguish reality from fantasy |
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| neuropsychological assessment |
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| measurement of behavior or performance that may be indicative of underlying brain damage or defects |
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| measurement of thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes that may be associated with emotional problems |
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| measurement of physiological responses that may be associated with abnormal behavior |
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| the rootlike structures at the ends of neurons that receive nerve impulses from other neurons |
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| the long, thin part of a neuron along which nerve impulses travel |
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| the small branching structures at the tips of axons |
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| chemical substances that transmit messages from one neuron to another |
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| the junction between one neuron and another through which nerve impulses pass |
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| a part of a dendrite on a receiving neuron that is structured to receive a neurotransmitter |
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| the brain and spinal chord |
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| peripheral nervous system |
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| the somatic and autonomic nervous system |
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| an area of the hindbrain involved in a regulation of heartbeat and respiration |
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| a structure in the hindbrain involved in respiration |
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| a structure in the hindbrain involved in coordination and balance |
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| reticular activating system |
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Definition
| brain structure involved in processes of attention, sleep, and arousal |
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| a structure in the forebrain involved in relaying sensory information to the cortex and in processes related to sleep and attention |
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| a structure in the forebrain involved in regulating body temperature, emotion, end motivation |
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| a group of forebrain structures involved in learning, memory and basic drives |
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| an assemblage of neurons located between the thalamus and cerebrum, involved in coordinating motor processes |
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| the large mass of the forebrain, consisting of the two cerebral hemispheres |
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| the wrinkled surface area of the cerebrum responsible for processing sensory stimuli and controlling higher mental functions, such as the use of thinking and languages |
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| the division of the peripheral nervous system that relays information from the sense organs to the brain and transmits messages from the brain to the skeletal muscles |
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| the division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the activities of the glands and involuntary functions |
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| sympathetic nervous system |
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| pertaining to the division of the autonomic nervous system whose activity leads to heightened states of arousal |
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| parasympathetic nervous system |
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| pertaining to the division of the autonomic nervous system whose activity reduces states of arousal and regulates bodily processes that replensish energy reserves |
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| the theoretical model of personality developed by Sigmund Freud; also called psychoanalysis |
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| to freud, the part of the mind that corresponds to our present awareness |
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| to freud, the part of the mind whose contents lie outside present awareness but can be brought into awareness by focusing attention |
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| to freud, the part of the mind that lies outside the range of awareness and contains instinctual images |
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| the unconscious psychic structure, present at birth, that contains primitive instincts and is regulated by the pleasure principle |
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| the governing principle of the id, involving demands for immediate gratification of needs |
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