Term
|
Definition
- Memory impairment: inability to learn new info or recall old info
- Aphasia = language problems
- Apraxia = inability to carry out motor functions despite no physical problems with motor functioning
- Agnosia = cannot recognize familiar objects
- Disturbance in executive functioning |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Alzheimer's related
Vascular dementia
Dementia due to head injury
Parkinson's related
HIV related
Huntington's disease related |
|
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Term
|
Definition
- Disturbance in consciousness, such as reduced clarity of awareness of the environment, with reduced attentional facilities
- Change in cognition or development of a perceptual disturbance that is not accounted for by dementia
- Disturbance that develops over a short period of time, usually hours to days, and tends to fluctuate during the course of a day
- Evidence that the disturbance is caused by the direct physical consequences of a medical condition. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Memory loss and ONLY memory loss |
|
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Term
| Brain abnormalities in Alzheimer's patients |
|
Definition
- Neurofribrillary tangles = twisted filaments within nerve cells, which interfere with the basic functioning of nerve cells
- Amyloid plaques = accumulation of amyloid protein in between cells of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and other areas of the brain structures critical to memory and cognitive functioning |
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Term
|
Definition
- Chromosome 19 = creates ApoE4 proteins that collect and regulate amyloid proteins
- Chromosomes 21, 14 (early onset), and 1
- Deficits in ACh, NE, EP, serotonin, somatosin, peptide Y |
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Term
| Protective factors of Alzheimer's |
|
Definition
| The better your intellectual strengths, the less dementia you will have. |
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Term
| Causes of Vascular dementia |
|
Definition
- Stroke
- Head injury
- Head infection |
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Term
| Diagnosis of vascular dementia requires... |
|
Definition
| A diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease using a PET or MRI machine |
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Term
| Major causes of dementia due to head injury |
|
Definition
- Falls
- Motor Vehicle accidents
- Being struck in the head
- Assault |
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Term
| Social and behavioral symptoms due to head injury |
|
Definition
- Disorderliness, suspiciousness, argumentativeness, disruptiveness, and anxiousness
- Apathy, lack of concern for others
- Uncharacteristic lewdness, inattention to personal appearance or hygiene
- Intrusiveness, pervasive profanity, talking loudly
- Risk taking, poor impulse control, increase alcohol use |
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Term
| Affective changes due to frontal lobe injury |
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Definition
- Apathy, indifference, shallowness
- Irritability, mania
- Inability to control rage and violent behavior |
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Term
| Intellectual changes due to frontal lobe injury |
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Definition
- Reduced capacity to use language, symbols, logic
- Reduced ability to use mathematics, to calculate, process abstract information, or reason
- Diminished ability to focus, concentrate, be oriented in time and place |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bleeding under the dura matter and above the outermost meninges that causes intracranial pressure, which leads to brain damage. |
|
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Term
| Parkinson's related dementia |
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Definition
| Parkinson's is caused by a breakdown of the transmitters that make dopamine and dementia is caused by a lack of dopamine. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The infection wears away parts of the brain and causes global functioning issues. |
|
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Term
| Huntington's related dementia |
|
Definition
| Huntington's set in between 25 and 55. Patients develop dementia and chorea, irregular jerks and tics. Genetic factors are on the 4th chromosome. |
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Term
|
Definition
- Remove factors contributing to the amnesia
- Improve nutrition
- Keep environment as familiar as possible |
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Term
|
Definition
| Damage to the thalamus caused by chronic alcohol use, which develops thiamine deficiencies. |
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Term
| Anxiety disorder in later life (preavlence, treatments, causes) |
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Definition
| - Usually old people worry about loved ones or one's own health or safety. - Usually exists alongside medical illness. - 1.9% of older adults have GAD - 0.1% have Panic disorder - Usually prescribed antianxiety drugs, which are absorbed and metabolized differently in older adults. - Humanistic treatment work on the CBT side. |
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Term
| Depression in older people (prevalence, "Depletion syndrome") |
|
Definition
- 1-3% have depression. 15-20% in care facilities.
- Depressive symptoms in 30% of the institutionalized.
- Can be lethal for older adults, especially older white males.
- May hasten progression of medical diseases
- 1/2 were depressed before, 1/2 got it while in care facility
- More likely to complain of somatic symptoms
- Depletion syndrome = loss of interest, loss of energy, hopelessness, helplessness, and psychomotor retardation |
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Term
| Diagnosis of depression in older people |
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Definition
| - A thorough medical exam is needed to makes sure symptoms aren't part of a medical illness - Difference from Dementia: - Less severe cognitive deficits - More aware of cognitive problems - Non-cognitive problems are more severe in the depressed - Depressed people are good at "free recall" tasks - Depressed = rapid onset of symptoms - Antidepressants are used to treat it |
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Term
| Substance use disorders in the elderly |
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Definition
- 2% abuse alcohol. 1/3 - 1/2 developed it when they were over 65
- Treatment for prescription drug abuse is the same as in younger people |
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|
Term
| Difference between dementia and depression in older people |
|
Definition
Difference from Dementia:
- Less severe cognitive deficits
- More aware of cognitive problems
- Non-cognitive problems are more severe in the depressed
- Depressed people are good at "free recall" tasks
- Depressed = rapid onset of symptoms |
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Term
| Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa |
|
Definition
- Refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height (15% below minimum healthy body weight)
- Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, despite being underweight
- Distortions in the perception of one's body weight or shape, undue influence of body on self-evaluation, or denial of the seriousness of the current low body weight
- Amenorrhea = absence of at least three consecutive menstrual cycles |
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Term
| Restricting type of Anorexia Nervosa |
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Definition
| Refuse to eat as a way of losing weight. Some go days without eating, some eat very little every day. |
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Term
| Binge purge type of Anorexia Nervosa |
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Definition
| Periodic engagement in bing/purge behaviors (e.g. self-induced vomiting, misuse of diuretics or laxatives) |
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Term
| Prevalence of Anorexia nervosa (in general population, gender, age group) |
|
Definition
| - 1% of general population - 90-95% of them are women - Begins between 15 and 19 years old |
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Term
| Medical disorders of Anorexia Nervosa |
|
Definition
- Death rate 5-8%
- Cardiovascular complications
- Arrythmia
- Heart Failure
- Acute expansion of the stomach
- Bone weakening
- Kidney damage
- Immune system impairments |
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|
Term
| Prognosis for Anorexia Nervosa |
|
Definition
| About 1/2 of patients are better after 10 years w/ therapy. 1/2 still have some sort of eating disorder. |
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Term
| Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa |
|
Definition
- Recurrent episodes of binge eating characterized by: eating , in a discrete time period, more than what most people would eat over that same time period and a sense of a lack of control over eating during the episode
- Recurrent inappropriate behaviors to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting; misuse of laxatives, enemas, diuretics, or other medications.
- Binge eating and inappropriate behaviors occur, on average, at least twice a week for three months
- Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight |
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Term
| Purging type of Bulimia nervosa |
|
Definition
| Use of self-induced vomiting or purging medications to control weight |
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Term
| Non-purging type of bulimia nervosa |
|
Definition
| Use of excessive exercise to control weight |
|
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Term
| Medical complications from Bulimia Nervosa |
|
Definition
| - Imbalance in electrolytes, which can lead to heart failure |
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|
Term
| Prognosis for Bulimia Nervosa |
|
Definition
| Usually a chronic condition, especially if the person was large as a child, an excessive evaluation of weight, and a high level of social maladjustment. |
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Term
|
Definition
- No regular purging, fasting, or excessive exercising to compensate for binge eating
- May eat continuously throughout the day or discreetly binge. As they eat, they may feel like they eat very rapidly or are in a daze as they eat.
- Often significantly overweight and feel disgusted about how they eat and their bodies.
- No purging, like BN. No underweight, like PN |
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Term
| Informal criteria for underweight BMI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Informal criterion for Normal BMI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Informal criterion for Overweight BMI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Informal criterion for Obesity BMI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Informal criterion for anorexic BMI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Biological causes of eating disorders |
|
Definition
- Dysregulation of neurotransmitters due to problems in the hypothalamus
- Deficiencies in serotonin, which leads to carbohydrate craving
- Genes are a strong influence in the presence of an eating disorder |
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Term
| Disorders comordbid with eating disorders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Psychological factors associated with developing eating disorders |
|
Definition
Low self-esteem
Overconcern with others’ opinions
Rigid, dichotomous thinking style, perfectionism
Feelings of inadequacy or lack of control in life
Depression, anxiety, anger, or loneliness
Difficulty distinguishing emotion from physical sensation |
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|
Term
| Cultural factors in the development of eating disorders |
|
Definition
Broad cultural factors
-Cultural esthetic glorifying the “thin ideal”
-Narrow definitions of beauty
-Valuing physical appearance over inner qualities and strengths
Cohort factors
-Increased sexualizing of younger and younger girls
-Pressure among certain types of athletes to be thin
-Pressure among some social groups, majors, and professions to be thin |
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|
Term
| Interpersonal factors in developing eating disorders |
|
Definition
-Troubled family and personal relationships
-Difficulty expressing emotions and feelings
-History of being teased or ridiculed about size
-History of physical or sexual abuse |
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|
Term
|
Definition
- Hospitalization: Hospitalize the patient and force him or her to ingest food to prevent death from starvation.
-Used only to keep them from dying
- Behavior therapy: Make rewards contingent upon eating. Teach relaxation techniques.
-Relapse is high on this one
- Use cognitive or supportive-expressive techniques to help the patient explore the emotions and issues underlying behavior
- Raise the family’s concern about anorexia behavior. Confront the family’s tendency to be overcontrolling and to have excessive expectations. |
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|
Term
| Treatments for Bulimia nervosa |
|
Definition
- CBT: Teach the client to recognize the cognitions around eating and to confront the maladaptive cognitions. Introduce “forbidden foods” and regular diet and help the client confront irrational cognitions about these.
- IPT: Help the client identify interpersonal problems associated with bulimic behaviors, such as problems in a marriage, and deal with these problems more effectively.
- Supportive-expressive therapy: Provide support and encouragement for the client’s expression of feelings about problems associated with bulimia in a nondirective manner.
- Tricyclics and SSRIs: Help to reduce impulsive eating and negative emotions that drive bulimic behaviors. |
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|
Term
| AAP recommendations for Eating Disorder therapy |
|
Definition
| screening preteens & adolescents for EDs as part of annual check-ups or pre-participation sports exams. |
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|
Term
| What can change in the media to prevent EDs |
|
Definition
| Protecting children from media onslaught; teaching adolescents to be aware of media focus on thin ideal |
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|
Term
| Cognitive dissonance to prevent eating disorders |
|
Definition
| Use of counter-attitudinal exercises, very effective, especially in the long term. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First Lady's campaign against obesity and for healthy eating |
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|
Term
| Five stages of sexual response |
|
Definition
o Excitement: Women—increased breast and genital blood concentration, lubrication of vaginal walls; Men—increased blood concentration and tumescence causing erection
o Plateau: Men—sex flush, nipple erection, pre-ejaculatory fluid
Women—retraction of clitoris behind clitoral hood
o Orgasm: Women—increased blood reaches a certain point, sets off reflex muscle contractions in orgasmic platform and irregular contractions in the uterus; Men—2 phases: rhythmic contractions in vas deferens, seminal vesicles, & prostate, then ejaculation of semen
o Resolution: Men—decrease in penis size, refractory stage during which restimulation isn’t possible;
Women—blood leaves genitals, breathing and hear rate return to normal; no refractory period, restimulation is possible |
|
|
Term
| Categories of sexual dysfunction |
|
Definition
- Primary = one that's always existed
- Secondary = one that has developed after a period of normal functioning
- Situational = occurs in certain situations or with certain partners
- Global = Occurs in every type of sexual encounter with every type of partner |
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|
Term
| Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (symptoms, treatments) |
|
Definition
- Symptoms: diminished or absent sexual desire
- Treatments: sex and marital therapy, CBT, drug treatment |
|
|
Term
| Sexual aversion disorder (symptoms, treatments) |
|
Definition
- Symptoms: Active avoidance of all sexual activities
- Treatments: CBT to analyze feelings toward sex, goal setting and homework to gradually desensitize |
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|
Term
| Female sexual arousal disorder (Symptoms, treatments) |
|
Definition
-Symptoms:recurrent inability to attain or maintain the swelling-lubrication response of sexual excitement
- Treatment: vasoactive agents |
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|
Term
| Persistent sexual arousal syndrome |
|
Definition
| - Unremitting desire not satiated by orgasm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Persistent inability to obtain and maintain an erection
- Treatments: Drugs, psychological therapy, vacuum constriction, surgical therapies |
|
|
Term
| Female orgasmic disorder (definition and treatments) |
|
Definition
- Symptoms: recurrent delay or absence of orgasm following normal phase of excitement
- Treatments: Homework, Psychoeducation, Communication training = asking for what you need want, Cognitive restructuring around feelings of guilt, Teaching masturbation, Systematic desensitization |
|
|
Term
| Premature ejaculation (definition and treatments) |
|
Definition
| - Symptoms: persistent ejaculation with minimal sexual stimulation - Treatments: Squeeze technique = squeeze the base of the penis to stop cumming, Stop-start technique, Antidepressants |
|
|
Term
| Male orgasmic disorder (aka Retarded ejaculation) (definition and treatments) |
|
Definition
| -Symptoms: recurrent experience in delay or complete absence of orgasm after the arousal phase - Treatment: Psychotherapy, Fantasizing during intercourse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Involuntary painful contractions at the vaginal entrance
- Treatments: Relieving tension in that area, Looking at self in mirror to understand how their body works, Dilators gradually increasing sizes w/ relaxation exercises |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Pain associated with intercourse
- Treatments: psychotherapy |
|
|
Term
| Biological causes of sexual dysfunctions |
|
Definition
-Diabetes is the most common cause
- Caardiovascular disease, MS, renal failure, vascular disease, spinal cord injury, damage to nervous system by surgery or radiation, stroke, cancer
- Low levels of androgen hormones or high levels of estrogen in men
- Recreational drugs
- Side effects of prescribed anitidepressants, sz drugs, and tranqs |
|
|
Term
| Psychological causes of sexual disorders |
|
Definition
- Mental disorders: depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia
- Attitudes and cognitions: thoughts that sex is dirty, performance anxiety, lack of knowledge about sexual response, "spectatoring"
- Interpersonal: relationship problems, conflict over types of sexual activity, poor communication about stimulation, conflict about nonsexual issues
- Personal trauma: loss of job, illness of loved one, sexual assault
- Certain cultural beliefs about the existence of certain diseases |
|
|
Term
| Psychological treatments for sexual disorders |
|
Definition
- Individual and couples therapy: CBT for beliefs about sex, seduction rituals, resolving differences in scripts for sexual encounters, teach masturbation
- Sensate focus therapy: gradually going through more stimulating practices, 1st no gential stimulation, then genital stimulation, then attempts at intercourse |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| acute anxiety w/ a feeling of impending death and a delusion that the penis is shrinking into the body; associated w/ semen loss; native to Malaysia, Southeast Asians, and southern Chinese. |
|
|
Term
| Causes of sexual dysfunctions in older age |
|
Definition
| - Changing hormone levels in older people, which are usually due to a medical condition cause problems in the sexual functioning of older people. - Loss of a loved one, discomfort about aging, and health concerns can all be psychological factor contributing to sexual dysfuntions especially once children move out and the focus becomes back on an older couple. |
|
|
Term
| Biological treatments for sexual disorders |
|
Definition
- Backing off on certain prescription drugs
- Drugs: viagra, yohimbine (African tree bark), Wellbutrin helps offset sexual dysfunctions from SSRIs
- Antidepressants can help reduce premature ejaculation
- Testosterone replacement therapy for males
- Lubricants for women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Not a scientific determination, though DSM-IV classifies some feelings & behaviors as paraphilias
- DSM definition: recurrent and intense sexual behavior involving nonhuman object or suffering or humiliation of self, partner, child, or nonconsenting person; condition present for more than 6 months. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Primary or exclusive focus of arousal & orgasm on atypical object. Fetishist needs object in order to achieve arousal |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Derives sexual pleasure from dressing in clothing of other sex. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gaining pleasure from rubbing up against and fondling parts of the body of a non-consenting person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sexual attraction to children and prefer sex with children to sex w/ adults |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Convicted sex offenders must be on a public list |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Individuals believe they were born with the wrong sex genitals and are fundamentally persons of the opposite sex |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Strong and persistent identification w/other sex. In children, manifested by 4 or more of the following:
Repeatedly stated desire to be, or insistence that he or she is, the other sex
In boy, preference for cross-dressing or stimulating female attire, in girls, insistence on wearing only stereotypic masculine clothing
Strong and persistent preferences for cross-sex roles in play and in fantasies
Intense desire to participate in the stereotypic games and pastimes of other sex
Strong preference for play mates of the other sex
- Persistent discomfort with his or her sex and sense of inappropriateness in gender role of that sex.
-Disturbance is not concurrent w/a physical intersex condition and causes significant distress or problems in functioning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Hormones present during development in the fetus may play a role in development of GID
- The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, located I the anterior hypothalamus, is smaller in transsexual men than in non-transsexual men. Usually this area is smaller in women than in men.
- There may be some evidence for pre-natal testosterone exposure in females contributing to GID |
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|
Term
|
Definition
- Help clarify gender identity and sexual orientation
- Sex reassignment:
Prior to surgery, client is asked to dress and live in their new gender for 1-2 years
Hormone treatments: estrogen for male to female, testosterone for female to male
Series of surgeries to construct genitalia and breasts. |
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|
Term
| Prevalence of substance use |
|
Definition
- 1/2 of the U.S. population has admitted to trying drugs at least once
- Drug use peaked in the 1970's and has declined since them, with alcohol remaining stable over time and a recent spike in ecstacy use
- Highest among young adults
- Highest in men |
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|
Term
| Cultural differences in drug use |
|
Definition
| - Conservative Muslim countries and China prohibit drug use. - Great Britain sees drug use as a disease - Dutch distinguish between "hard and "soft" drugs and believe banning soft drugs would drive people underground where they would be more likely to get into hard drugs - US opinions on drugs vary form time to time and between subgroups - Drugs have been used for eons for religious ceremonies |
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Term
|
Definition
| Experience of significant maladaptive behavioral and psychological symptoms due to the effect of a substance on the central nervous system |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Experience of clinical significant distress in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning due to the cessation or reduction of substance use. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Diagnosis given when recurrent substance use leads to significant harmful consequences
- DSM criteria: One or more of the following occurs during a 12-month period, leading to significant impairment or distress: Failure to fulfill important obligations at work, home, or school as a result of substance abuse. Repeated use of the substance in situations in which it is physically hazardous to do so. Repeated legal problems as a result of substance use. Confirmed use of the substance despite repeated social or legal problems as a result of use. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
- Diagnosis given when substance use leads to physiological dependence or significant impairment or distress.
- DSM criteria: Maladaptive pattern of substance use, leading to three or more of the following:
1. Tolerance, as defined by either: the need for markedly increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect; markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount.
2. Withdrawal, as manifested by either: the characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance; the same or closely related substance is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms.
3. The substance is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended.
4. There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut back or control use.
5. A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the substance, use the substance, or recover from its effects.
6. Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of substance use.
7. The substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem caused or exacerbated by the substance |
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|
Term
| Name a few depressants and what they do to the CNS |
|
Definition
- Depressants slow down the CNS
- Alcohol
- Benziodiazepines = Xanax, Valium, Halidol
- Barbituates = Quaalaude
- Inhalants = gasoline, glue, paint thinners |
|
|
Term
| Name a few stimulants and what they do to the CNS |
|
Definition
- Activate the CNS causing feelings of energy, happiness, and power, a decreased desire for sleep, and a diminished appetite
- Cocaine = activates the reward centers of the brain, block reuptake of dopamine
- Amphetamines = release NE and dopamine, block the reuptake of both
- Nicotine = release dopamine, NE, Serotonin, endogenous opiods
- Caffeine = release dopamine, NE and serotonin |
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|
Term
| Opiod examples and the effects on the CNS |
|
Definition
- Usually used to relieve pain by endorphin release
- Morphine = used to relieve pain
- Heroin
- Codeine
- Methadone |
|
|
Term
| Alcohol withdrawal stages |
|
Definition
First stage:
Begins w/in a few hours
Sx include anxiety, tremulousness, weakness, heavy perspiration, headache, nausea, vomiting
May be only stage if dependence is moderate
Second stage:
12-72 hours: convulsive seizures
Third stage: Delirium tremens
Auditory, visual, and tactile hallucinations
Bizarre, terrifying delusions
Agitation, disorientation, fever, perspiration, irregular heartbeat |
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|
Term
| Long term effects of alcohol dependence and abuse |
|
Definition
- Low-grade hypertension
- Liver, pancreatic, stomach, esophagus damage
- Malnourishment due to alcohol affecting absorption of nutrients in the bloodstream |
|
|
Term
| Wernicke's encephalopathy |
|
Definition
| Mental confusion and imbalance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of memory for recent events and problems recalling distant events |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Loss of intellectual abilities, including memory, abstract thinking, judgment, or problem solving, often accompanied by personality changes, such as paranoia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Retarded growth, facial abnormalities, CNS damage, mental retardation, motor abnormalities, tremors, hyperactivity, heart defects, skeletal abnormalities |
|
|
Term
| Effects of binge drinking in rats and adolescents |
|
Definition
Drink heavily but continue to function but can’t recall events; hippocampus unable to encode new memories
Long-term effects: study in rats showed that those given large quantities during adolescence showed impaired learning and memory as adults.
“Dings” in white matter of brain: longitudinal study of binge-drinking adolescent humans found dings in white matter (myelin sheath) |
|
|
Term
| Disease model of alcoholism |
|
Definition
| - Views alcohol as a disease rather than a moral deficiency |
|
|
Term
| Alcohol as a form of depression |
|
Definition
| Usually ties between those who abuse alcohol and having depression are usually not genetically related. Most of the time people who have depression and drink heavily were depressed before or are depressed because they drink. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Genetic factors have influence on who is alcoholic, but social factors have a stronger one |
|
|
Term
| Methadone treatments for substance abuse (for what are they used, how do they work, methadone maintenance program) |
|
Definition
- Used to treat heroin addictions
- Methadone blocks receptors for heroin as the user weans off of the drug
- Methadone maintenance program = keeps patients on methadone for years under a doctor's care |
|
|
Term
| Naltrexone and Naloxone (for what are they used, how do they work) |
|
Definition
- Used to treat opioid addictions
- These are antagonist drugs, which means the block the receptors for opioids and thus reduce the desire for the drug. It helps keep the positive effects of the opioids down |
|
|
Term
| Disulfram (for what is it used, how does it work) |
|
Definition
- Used to combat alcohol addiction
- Causes the user to feel sick and dizzy when alcohol is consumed |
|
|
Term
| Antidepressant drugs in substance abuse disorders (for what are they used) |
|
Definition
| Used to help alleviate the symptoms of withdrawal. |
|
|
Term
| Aversive classical conditioning (for what is it used, how does it work) |
|
Definition
- Used to fight alcohol abuse
- A drug is taken where the person feels ill after drinking alcohol. This is reinforced over time. |
|
|
Term
| Covert sensitization therapy (for what is it used, how does it work) |
|
Definition
- Used to treat alcohol abuse
- The patient thinks of very graphic imagery associated with drinking alcohol in a way to train the person to think of these graphic things whenever they drink |
|
|
Term
| Cue exposure and response prevention (for what is it used, how does it work) |
|
Definition
- Used for alcohol abuse
- The person is instructed to be exposed to the stimuli that are associated with alcohol, but not to actually drink it. Eventually the desire to drink when around those stimuli goes away. |
|
|
Term
| Alcoholic Anonymous (what's involved) |
|
Definition
- Disease model of alcoholism
- Control = complete abstinence
- 12 steps
- The first step emphasizes powerlessness, which is controversial to say the least.
- Group modality
- Very religion based |
|
|
Term
| SMART (Self Management And Recovery Training) Program |
|
Definition
- Teaches self-empowerment and self-reliance.
- Encourages individuals to recover and live satisfying lives. *
- Teaches tools and techniques for self-directed change.
- Meetings are educational and include open discussions.
- Advocates appropriate use of prescribed meds & psychological tx.
- Evolves as scientific knowledge of addiction recovery evolves. |
|
|
Term
| Tools used in SMART Program |
|
Definition
- Point 1: Enhancing and Maintaining Motivation to Abstain
- Point 2: Coping with Urges
- Point 3: Problem Solving (Managing thoughts, feelings and behaviors)
- Point 4: Lifestyle Balance (Balancing momentary and enduring satisfactions) |
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