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| "pathology of the mind", the symptoms and signs of mental disorders |
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| Application of psychological science to study mental disorders. |
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| Types of severe mental disorders that show a person being out of touch with reality. |
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| group of symptoms that appear together and are assumed to represent a specific type of disorder. |
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| How long a disorder is present |
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| legal term that refers to judgements about whether a person should be held responsible for a crime due to mental illness. |
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Mental Disorder if:
1. Inability for internal mechanism to perform natural ability.
2. Causes harm to the person. |
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| People who function at the highest level |
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| Values, beliefs, and practices that are shared by a specific community or group of people |
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| Study of frequency and distribution of disorders within a population |
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| Number of new cases of a disorder that appear in a population during a specific time period |
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| Total number of active cases that are present in a population in a specific period of time. |
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| Total number of people affected by a disorder during their lifetime |
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| Presence of more than one disorder at once. |
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| Study and Treatment of mental disorders |
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Definition
| Application of psychological science to the assessment and treatment of mental disorders. |
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| Helps people achieve an effective level of psychosexual functioning |
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| in-depth look at the life of a person. |
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| any new prediction made by an investigator |
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| Set of shared assumptions with a theory and belief of how to collect data and test the theory |
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| Recognize that abnormal behavior is caused by a mix of biological, psychological, and social factors. |
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| Caused by unconscious motives and mental conflicts from childhood experience. Treated with psychoanalysis |
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| Houses biological drives. Holds the pleasure principle, instant gratification |
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Definition
| The reality principle, conscious awareness that fulfills the ID's needs while making sure they are socially acceptable. |
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| The Conscience, holds cultural and societal standards. |
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| Unconscious self-deceptions that reduce conscience anxiety. |
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| Ivan Pavlov; Learning through association. The NS, UCS, UCR, CS, CR. |
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Definition
| integrative approach to science that revolutionized disciplines like engineering, biology and psychology. |
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| The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. |
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| The whole is the sum of its parts |
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| Different causes for same disorder |
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| Same causal factor but different outcomes |
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| Causality is bidirectional. Things can happen both ways. |
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| Relation between 2 factors |
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| How much two variables are related. (Positive: 1 is highest. Negative: -1 is highest.) |
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| As one variable increases, so does the other. |
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| As one variable increase, the other decreases. |
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| A predisposition toward developing a disorder |
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| any event that triggers an onset of disturbance. |
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Definition
| Events/circumstances that increase likelihood to develop a disorder |
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| Developmental Psychopathology |
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Definition
| Use Developmental Norms and to understand influences on disorders |
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Definition
| Pattern of behavior that precedes the onset of a disorder |
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| Study of the human structure |
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| Study of bodily functions |
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| Re-absorption of neurotransmitters. Returns them to axon terminal |
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| Chemicals that influence communication among neurons |
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| Links the midbrain, hindbrain, and forebrain; emotion and learning. |
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| Houses biological drives. Hunger, thirst, sex. |
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| Relay center, receives and integrates sensory information. |
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| Uneven surface area in the brain. 4 Lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital. |
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| Study of changes in the functioning of the body from psychological experience |
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| Collection of glands throughout the body. Produces hormones |
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| Chemical Substances that affect function of the body. |
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| Regulates function of body organs. Involuntary control |
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Definition
| studies genetic influence on evolution and development of normal and abnormal behavior |
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Definition
| ultrascopic units of DNA that house heredity information |
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Definition
Chainlike structures in the nucleus of cells. |
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| Actual genetic structure of DNA |
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| Expression of a given genotype, influenced by the environment |
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| influenced by more than one gene |
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| Index cases that see frequency of other family members with the same disorder |
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| How much alike a set of twins are (percentage wise) |
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| When two people have the same disorder or not. |
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| similar experiences growing up |
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| different experiences growing up |
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| Gene Environment Interaction |
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Definition
| A combination of genetic risk and an environmental stress causes emotional disorders |
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| Gene Environment Correlation |
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Definition
| Experience is often correlated with genetic makeup |
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Definition
| Apply principles of evolution to our understanding of the animal and human mind. |
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Definition
| Successful inherited adaptations become more common through offspring. Increases chance of survival |
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| Increases access to mates and mating. |
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| Special and selective bonds with caregivers. |
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| hierarchical ordering of a social group into more or less privileged members. |
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| characteristic styles of relating to the world |
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Definition
| state of arousal that is defined by subjective states of feeling. |
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| Learning through imitation |
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Definition
| study of how humans process information of the social world |
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Definition
| People's beliefs about cause-effect relationships |
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Definition
| integrated sense of individuality, wholeness, and communication |
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Definition
| Internal rules for guiding appropriate behavior |
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| periods of time marked by age and/or social tasks that children/adults face social/emotional changes. |
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| People's actions conform to expectations of the label they are given. |
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Definition
| If one believes something to be true, they then make it become true |
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Definition
| Emotional and practical assistance from others. |
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| Expectations regarding appropriate behavior for males/females. |
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Definition
| Process of gathering and organizing information about a person's behavior |
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Definition
| List of various types of problems and their associated symptoms |
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Definition
| identification or recognition of a disorder on the basis of its characteristic symptoms |
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| Categorical Approach to Classfication |
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Definition
| Distinctions among members of different categories are qualitative (different in kind). Yes or No |
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| Dimensional Approach to Classification |
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Definition
| Describes objects of classification in terms of continuous dimensions (how much of something). Quantitative; shades of gray. |
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Definition
| Patterns of erratic or unusual thinking and behavior that have been identified in diverse societies around the world don't fit into the DSM easily. |
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Definition
| consistency in measurements (will always be the same) |
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Definition
| agreement among clinicians. |
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| Meaning; importance of the measurement. The truth behind it. Measures what it is supposed to cover. |
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| Measurements of factors that contribute to the onset of disorders |
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Definition
| present time and correlations between the disorder and other symptoms |
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Definition
| future and the stability of the problem over time |
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Definition
| pattern of observable behaviors that are associated with emotion |
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Definition
| Pervasive and sustained emotional response that can alter a persons perception on the world. |
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Definition
| depressed mood with fatigue, loss of energy, difficulty sleeping |
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Definition
| A euphoric state of mind. |
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Definition
| defined in terms of episodes. 2 main kinds: Bipolar and Unipolar |
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Definition
| Only periods of depression |
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Definition
| Mania and (sometimes) Depression |
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Definition
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Definition
| Deals with basic physiological or bodily functions. |
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| features of behavior that may accompany the onset of serious depression |
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Definition
| increased energy but not full blown mania |
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Definition
| chronic but less severe from of bipolar disorder. Continuous for 2 years without MDD or Mania |
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Definition
| particularly sever form of depression but get a good response to antidepressants. |
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Definition
| At least 4 or more episodes in a year |
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Term
| Seasonal Affective Disorder |
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Definition
| Mood changes with the seasons. more depressed feelings in winter. |
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Definition
| When symptoms are diminished or improved |
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Definition
| Return of active symptoms in a recovered person. |
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Definition
| Enduring and highly organized representation of prior experience. |
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Definition
| Negative expectations of the future |
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Definition
| When people believe that they will be a failure no matter what they do |
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Definition
| Turn attention inward, contemplating the causes and implications of their sadness (women) |
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Definition
| Divert themselves from bad mood (men) |
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| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) |
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Definition
| inhibit the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic nerve ending, promoting serotonin intake. |
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Definition
| Affect the brain by blocking the uptake of neurotransmitters from the synapse |
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Definition
| Used to help treat bipolar disorder. helps alleviate manic episodes |
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| Electroconvulsive Therapy |
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Definition
| Shock treatment used to treat major depressive disorder |
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Definition
| due to lack of societal support, feel meaningless/unimportant |
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Definition
| Due to social/cultural standards that say that they must kill themselves for the sake of others. |
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Definition
| Due to a breakdown of social order or disruption of norms that governs peoples behavior |
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| Circumstances under which a person's life is unbearable. |
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Definition
| experienced in real, immediate danger |
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Definition
| Anticipation of future problems |
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Definition
| Relatively uncontrollable sequence of negative, emotional thoughts concerned with possible future threats or danger. |
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Definition
| Sudden, overwhelming experience of terror or fright. More focused. Many physical sensations, feel as if will die/go crazy. |
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Definition
| Persistent, irrational, narrowly defined fears of an object or situation |
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Definition
| fear of places of assembly/public spaces. Fear of no easy escape. |
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Definition
| intruding thoughts, "out of the blue" thoughts are related to socially unacceptable themes. |
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Definition
| repetitive behaviors to reduce anxiety, are senseless/irrational. |
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Definition
| Persistent, emotional disturbances that the person is aware of |
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Definition
| Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks. Due to fear of these attacks |
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Definition
| A marked and persistent fear; excessive and unreasonable. Cued by a specific thing. |
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Definition
| Persistent fear of social situations, scared of performing. (being embarrassed/humiliated) |
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| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) |
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Definition
| Trouble controlling worries, lead to significant distress. Must have restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, edginess. |
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| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder |
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Definition
| Irrational thoughts lead to anxiety reducing actions |
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Definition
| We are unconsciously prepared to fear specific stimuli |
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Definition
| Confront the situation being avoided. |
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Definition
| Reduces bodily sensations one feels in a panic disorder |
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Definition
| Education of the physiological effects of slow breathing vs. hyperventilation. |
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Definition
| Ask a client the worst case scenario and help them analyze it. Help realize it is a little absurd. |
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Term
| Major Depressive Disorder |
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Definition
| At least 1 major episode lasting about 2 weeks; Depressed mood, loss of interest, significant weight gain/loss, Insomnia/hypersomnia, fatigue, worthlessness, suicidal ideation. |
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Definition
| Depressive symptoms for 2 years. Low self-esteem, depressed mood, feelings of hopelessness, low energy/fatigue |
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Definition
| Mania without MDD episodes, very rare |
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Definition
| Hypomania with episodes of MDD |
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Definition
| Onset of depressive episode 4 weeks after childbirth |
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Definition
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| Depressogenic Attributional Style |
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Definition
| Attribute negative events to stable, global, and internal factors. |
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Definition
| Passive behavior in the face of negative situations |
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Definition
| Jumping to conclusions without any evidence to support it at all. |
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Definition
| Negative thoughts about the self, the world, and the future. Have personal meanings to failure |
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Definition
| Focus on current relationships, work on communication and problem-solving skills. |
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| Systematic Desensitization |
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Definition
| teach client to relax and then use a hierarchy of fear starting at the bottom and working your way up |
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Definition
| exposure to most threatening fear at once. |
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Definition
| Emphasis on universals among human beings from OUTSIDE the culture of interest |
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Definition
| Examines behavior from within a culture... INSIDE |
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Definition
| Unconscious conflict from childhood experience, unconscious drives |
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Definition
| genetics and neuroscience |
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Definition
| Personal responsibility, striving to be the best they can |
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Definition
| Rewards/punishment, Societal/cultural influences |
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| Reciprocal Gene-Environment model |
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Definition
| Genes might influence the environment that people seek out. |
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Definition
| Clinical Disorders. Characterized by episodic periods of psychological turmoil. |
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Definition
| Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation. More stable, longstanding problems |
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Definition
| General Medical Conditions; relevant to etiology of patient's behavior or treatment program but is still related to abnormal behavior. |
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Definition
| Psychosocial and Environmental Problems; factors may affect the treatment and prognosis of mental disorder |
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Definition
| Global rating of adaptive functioning. scale of 1-100 (100=best). |
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