Term
| abdomen is the ____ cavity in the body |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Lateral support is provided by |
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Definition
| the internal and external oblique muscles |
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Term
| external oblique aponeurosis |
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Definition
| strong membrane that covers the entire ventral surface of the abdomen and lies superficial to the rectus abdominis |
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Term
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Definition
| extends from the xyphoid process to the symphysis pubis. |
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Term
| alimentary tract is how long |
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Definition
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Term
| perisalsis is under control of |
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Definition
| the autonomic nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| the esophagus connects to |
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Definition
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Term
| the gateway from the esophagus to the stomach |
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Definition
| the lower esophageal sphincter |
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Term
| stomach is located in the |
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Definition
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Term
| what breaks down protein in the stomach? |
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Definition
| pepsin; it breaks protein into peptones and amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
| breaks down fats; convert from triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol |
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Term
| liquified food is passed through the |
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Definition
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Term
| once liquid food is passed through the pyloric sphincter it enters the _____ and is termed ______. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| small intestine is how long? |
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Definition
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Term
| the body gets most of its nutrients through the... |
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Definition
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Term
| the fuctional units of the intestine are the |
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Definition
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Term
| absorption occurs through the |
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Definition
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Term
| the duodenum is how long? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the ileocecal valve |
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Definition
| the gateway to the large intestines; it prevents backflow of fecal material |
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Term
| the large intestine is how long? |
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Definition
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Term
| the large intestine absorbs |
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Definition
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Term
| Feces are formed and evacuated in and from the |
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Definition
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Term
| moistens food and begins immediate beakdown of starch |
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Definition
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Term
| largest organ in the body weighing 3.5 lbs? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the liver located? |
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Definition
| lies underneath right diaphragm but spans across the midline and RUQ from 5th ICS to costal margin so the rib cage covers a substantial portion |
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Term
| the liver has how many lobes? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the functions of the liver include: |
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Definition
| bile production and secretion; transfer of bilirubin from blood to gallbladder; metabolized protein carbs and fat; stores glucose in the form of glycogen; produces clotting factors and fibrinogen; detoxification of alcohol and drugs; stores iron copper vitamins A and vitamin B complex; synthesizes plasma proteins; |
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Term
| between meals bile is stored in the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| bilirubin is formed by the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| liver turns water insoluble bilirubin into |
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Definition
| water SOLUBLE bilirubin and extretes it to bile |
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Term
| the majority of bilirubin is excreted in the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| gallbladder is attached to |
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Definition
| inferior portion of liver |
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Term
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Definition
| concentrates and stores bile between meals |
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Term
| the cystic duct forms with the _____ duct to form the ____ ____ duct. |
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Definition
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Term
| common bile duct drains ____ into the ____ |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| emulsifies fats and prepares them for further digestion in the small intestine |
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Term
| what creates brown color in feces? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| LUQ; under left lobe of liver and behind the stomach |
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Term
|
Definition
| Endocrine secretions : insulin, glucagon, and gastrin. Exocrine secretions: bicarbonate and pancreatic enzymes that flow into the duodenum to break down proteins, fats, and carbs for absorption |
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Term
| spleen is about the size of... |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| LUQ between the stomach and the diaphragm |
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Term
| the spleen houses what two systems? |
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Definition
| 1. lymphoid/lymphatic tissue make up the “white pulp” and venous sinusoids make up the “red pulp” |
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Term
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Definition
| stores erythrocytes and platelets and removes old ones; activates T and B lymphocytes; |
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Term
| where kidneys are located |
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Definition
| posterior abdomen around T12 to L3 |
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Term
| each kidney is covered by the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| functional unit of the kidney and produces urine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| bladder is located in the |
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Definition
| symphisis pubis in the anterior part of the pelvis |
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Term
| when the bladder accumulates ____ ml of urine, the _____ relaxes (known as the mictruition reflex) |
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Definition
| 250-300 mL; internal urethral sphincter |
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Term
| voiding occurs when what relaxes? |
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Definition
| the external urethral sphincter |
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Term
| urine exits the urethra and extends to the |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the main portion of the aorta is the |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the descending aorta consists of the: |
|
Definition
| thoracic and abdominal aorta |
|
|
Term
| the descending aorta supplies... |
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Definition
| the esophagus, lymph glands, ribs, stomach, liver, intestines, kidneys, spleen, and reproductive organs |
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Term
| the descending aorta branches into _____ at the level of the umbilicus |
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Definition
| two common iliac arteries |
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Term
| blood is returned to the right atrium of the heart from the abdomen via the... |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| starts at the aortic opening of the left ventricle, rises a short distance, bends over the root of the left lung, descends within the thorax on the left side of the vertebral column, and passes through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm into the abdominal cavity. It branches into the two common iliac arteries. |
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Term
| which organs are located in the RUQ? |
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Definition
| the liver and gallbladder |
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Term
| risk factors for abdominal cancers |
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Definition
1. age greater than 50 2. males higher risk 3. african american - except for bladder cancer 4. tobacco, alcohol 5. family history 6. diet high in fat and meat 7. Chronic illness- diabetes, obesity, infections |
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Term
| examination of the abdomen includes: |
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Definition
Observe clients’ general behavior and position
Inspect the abdomen
Auscultate the abdomen
Palpate the abdomen lightly
Palpate the abdomen |
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Term
| abnormal findings when examining client: |
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Definition
Abnormal: Emaciation, obesity, restlessness, rigid posture, facial grimacing; Abnormal: jaundice, bruises, engorgement of veins, taut skin, marked concavity, bulges during cough,etc.; : Absence of sound or extremely hyperactive (borborygmi)
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|
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Term
|
Definition
| extremely hyperactive sounds in abdomen |
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Term
| how to auscultate the abdomen for bowel sounds |
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Definition
Use diaphragm of stethoscope
Press lightly
Follow systematic progression; begin RLQ
Normal: Bowel sounds heard every 5-15 seconds; sounds are high-pitched gurgles or clicks
Abnormal: Absence of sound or extremely hyperactive (borborygmi |
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|
Term
| how to auscultate the abdomen for arterial and venous sounds: |
|
Definition
Use the bell of stethoscope
Listen over aorta, renal, iliac, and femoral arteries (*next slide)
Normal: Vascular sounds are not heard
Abnormal: Bruits; venous hum; low-pitched murmurs |
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormal, swishing sound that results from blood flowing through a narrow or partially occluded artery |
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Term
|
Definition
| continuous murmur; a gentle blowing, fluttering, or humming sound; rare; associated with portal hypertension and cirrhosis |
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Term
| what sounds may indicate renal artery stenosis?? |
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Definition
| Low-pitched murmurs heard over the upper midline or toward the flank or epigastric bruits that radiate laterally |
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|
Term
| abnormal during palpation of the abdomen |
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Definition
| rigidity, mass, tenderness or hypersensitivity |
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|
Term
| how deep do you palpate the abdomen? |
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Definition
| 1-2 cm deep; palpate over area of pain last ALWAYS! |
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Term
| when palpating the abdomen deeply: |
|
Definition
Palpate 4-6 cm; use distal portion of finger pads Outcomes: Possibly may feel aorta around epigastrium or slightly above and to left of umbilicus
Abnormal: patient responds with facial grimaces, c/o pain, masses
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|
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Term
| when percussing the abdomen what tones are most common and why? |
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Definition
| tympany tones most common because of presence of gas |
|
|
Term
| when percussing the suprapubic area teh sound may be ____ when the bladder is distended |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| if bladder is not distended the dullness when percussing may indicate a |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| to determine span and descent |
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Term
| when percussing the liver start |
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Definition
| at the righ midclavicular line; below the umblilicus; percuss upwards (tympany to dullness should be heard); Over the lung, percuss downards (resonance to dullness should be heard); |
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|
Term
| the liver span is normally how long? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| when percussing the spleen: |
|
Definition
| percuss in several directions in the lowest intercostal space just posterior to the left midaxillary line---usually the spleen can’t be percussed |
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|
Term
| splenic enlargement means |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Abnormal findings around the umblicus when perscussing can be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is an enlarged liver; it's associated with cirrhosis and hepatitis |
|
|
Term
| what do you percuss the spleen to determine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Palpate liver for lower border and tenderness (advanced practice): |
|
Definition
One technique is to place left hand posteriorly under 11th and 12th ribs while right hand is parellel to the right costal margin. Ask client to take deep breathe. Another technique is “hooking” where you stand on clients right side and face their feet. Curve fingers to hook under costal margin and ask client to take deep breath. |
|
|
Term
| abnormal findings when palpating the liver include: |
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Definition
| client may complain of pain when taking deep breath or may feel enlarged liver |
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|
Term
| Palpate gallbladder for tenderness (advance practice): |
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Definition
| Palpate below liver and right lateral border of rectus abdominis. |
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Term
| Abnormal findings when palpating the gallbladder for tenderness: |
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Definition
| Palpation means possible cholecystitis. If client abruptly stops inhaling during palpation (Murphy’s sign), cholecystitis is suspected. A nontender enlarged gallbladder suggests common bile duct obstruction. |
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Term
|
Definition
| when a pt. abruptly stops breathing during palpation of the gallbladder |
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|
Term
| Normally, the gallbladder _____ be palpable. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Palpate spleen for border and tenderness (AP). |
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Definition
| Stand on client’s right side and reach across to place the palm of left hand under client’s left flank and then have patient breath in as you use right hand to palpate for spleen |
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|
Term
| Palpate kidneys for presence, contour, and tenderness (AP): |
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Definition
| To palpate for left kidney, complete procedure as for spleen except you want to elevate the client’s flank with your left hand and palpate deeply with your right hand. Switch sides. Normal: occasionally might be able to feel left lower kidney when patient takes inspiration. Should be able to feel right lower kidney. A tenderness is associated with kidney trauma or infection |
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Term
| Elicit abdominal reflexes (AP) |
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Definition
| Stroke each quadrant. Stroke from umbilicus out. The expected response to each stoke is contraction of the rectus abdominis and movement of the umbilicus toward the side stroked. Abnormal: ABSENT reflexes associated with disease of spinal cord. |
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|
Term
| When percussing the kidneys... |
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Definition
| Tap each CVA with the ulnar surface of the dominant fist or use indirect percussion. Abnormal: tenderness or severe pain my indicate pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, or nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Assess the abdomen for fluid (AP): |
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Definition
| Shifting dullness: Ask client to lie supine. This causes fluid to shift to lateral areas. Percuss for midline tympany and lateral dullness (created by fluid). Perform percussion with client on left and right sides…noting where sounds change due to fluid shifts. Fluid wave: Client or another nurse placed hand midline abdomen with client supine. Tapping on one side of abdomen produces fluid wave on the opposite side of abdomen. |
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Term
| Assess abdomen pain due to inflammation |
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Definition
| Rebound tenderness: Press down at 90 degree angle to the abdomen at point away from the point of pain. Release your fingers quickly. “Normal” would be less pain when pressure is released. If rebound tenderness is positive, it indicates peritoneal inflammation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A test for appendicitis. Palpate mcBurney point which is half way between umbilicus and right anterior iliac crest. Press firmly into abdomen and then release pressure quickly. Absence of pain in a negative McBurney sign. Positive rebound tenderness indicates appendicitis |
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Term
|
Definition
| with client supine, place your hand over the lower right thigh. Ask the client to raise the right leg, flexing at the hip. Push down to resist the raising of the leg. When the client reports no pain, the test is negative. If client reports pain, it is positive |
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Term
|
Definition
| the client lies supine and flexes the right hip and knee to 90 degrees. The nurse, holding the leg just above the knee and at the ankle, rotates the leg medially and laterally. If the client has no pain, the test is negative. Pain indicates a possible ruptured appendix or pelvic abscess. |
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Term
| Assess for floating masses (AP) |
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Definition
| Ballottement: Place one hand perpendicular to the abdomen and push in toward the mass with fingertips at 90 degree angle. A freely movable mass will float upward and touch the fingertips as fluids and other structures are displaced. May also use bimanual method to ‘capture’ mass between anterior and posterior abdomen. |
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Term
| When assessing a client’s abdomen, the nurse uses assessment techniques in which order |
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Definition
Inspection, auscultation, palpation, and percussion
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Term
| What is an expected finding of an abdominal examination of an adu |
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Definition
| High-pitched gurgles every 5 to 15 seconds on auscultation |
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|
Term
| many age related problems in the abdomen and digestion result from alterations in which systems? |
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Definition
| Cardiovascular and Neuro rather than GI |
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Term
|
Definition
In the esophagus, there is a decrease in lower esophageal pressure increasing regurgitation. In the large intestine, a decrease in peristalsis and weakened muscles contribute to constipation. Bacterial flora become less biologically active, contributing to food intolerance and impaired digestion; reduced external sphincter control with occasional fecal incontinence due to degeneration of rectal wall’s afferent neurons which detect changes in rectal pressure.
The liver decreases in size, storage capacity, and ability to synthesize proteins. The bladder decreases in size, shape and muscle tone. This may lead to more frequent urination and stress incontinence/ leakage of urine.
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Term
| Other age related occurances include: |
|
Definition
In men, prostate gland atrophies and benign enlargement frequently occurs. Decreased cardiac output/ arteriosclerosis reduces blood flow to abdominal organs. Metabolism of drugs, hormones, and alcohol is less efficient. Often use fiber/laxatives; bowel sounds may be hypoactive. Increased fat deposits over abdomen. Loss of abdominal muscle tone- organ palpation easier
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|
|
Term
| GERD - gastroesophogeal reflux disease |
|
Definition
| caused by weakness of LES or increased intraabdominal pressure. Symptoms: heartburn regurgitation, dysphagia aggravated by lying down and relieved by sitting up, antacids. |
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Term
|
Definition
| caused by muscle weakness in the diaphragm allowing protrusion back into the mediastinal cavity. May be due to pregnancy, obesity, ascites. Symptoms: same as GERD. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an ulcer occurring in the lower end of the esophagus, in the stomach, or in the duodenum is termed peptic ulcer. Duodenal ulcer is the most common from. May be caused by H. Pylori, stress, medications (corticosteroids, aspirin, NSAIDs). Symptoms: Gastric ulcers: pain 1-2 hours after eating in left epigastrium and back. Duodenal ulcers: Pain 2-4 hours after eating and at midmorning, midafternoon, middle of night. Relieved with food or antacids.
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
| herniations through wall of colon “swiss cheese” appearance |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation/infection, may have fever, pass mucous, cramping, nausea, vomiting, altered bowel habits, distended abdomen, localized tenderness, decreased bowel sounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease
Can be present from mouth to anus but is most common in terminal ileum and colon
Ulcerations, fistulas, fissures, abscesses
Symptoms: severe abd pain, cramping, diarrhea, nausea, fever, chills, weakness, anorexia, weight loss
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease- starts in rectum and progresses through large intestine
Mucosa engorged, ulcerated, granulation tissue
May progress to colon cancer
Symptoms: severe abd pain, fever, chills, anemia, weight loss, profuse watery diarrhea with blood, mucous, pus
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
Diarrheal disease sometimes found post-antibiotic therapy with C. diff overgrowth.
Symptoms: profuse watery, diarrhea, fever, cramping
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increase the proportion of adults who receive a colorectal cancer screening examination. Prevention is possible because most colon cancers originate from adenomatous polyps.
|
|
|
Term
| Health Promotion-Colorectal Cancer |
|
Definition
Manage controllable risk factors: Diet, Exercise, Weight
Screening recommendations (Age ±50)
FOBT annually
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
Double-contrast BE every 5 years
Colonoscopy every 10 years
Digital rectal exam with other exams
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
- abnormally increased motility of small and large intestines of unknown origin. Symptoms: pain in lower abdomen associated with occasional diarrhea. Pain usually relieved by passing flatus or stool. Other diseases must be ruled out.
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|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of liver. Common clinical findings: anorexia, vague abd. Pain, nausea, vomiting, malaise, fever. Enlarged spleen and liver are classic findings. Liver inflammation may cause jaundice (clay-colored stool, dark amber urine) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Chronic degenerative liver disease; diffuse destruction/regeneration of hepatic parenchymal cells; lobes of liver become fibrotic / infiltrated with fat |
|
|
Term
| Causes and findings associated with cirrhosis |
|
Definition
Causes: viral hepatitis, alcoholism, biliary obstruction
Clinical findings: liver palpable and hard
Associated findings: ascites, jaundice, cutaneous spider angiomas, dark urine, clay-colored stools, spleen enlargement; end-stage cirrhosis is hepatic encephalopathy and coma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the gallbladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
means "with stones"
Caused by bile duct obstruction or stones
Symptoms: RUQ colicky pain that may radiate to mid-torso or right scapula, may have indigestion or mild juandice
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
acute or chronic inflammation from autodigestion; Flow of pancreatic digestive enzymes into duodenum is obstructed so the enzymes act on the pancreas itself
-Caused by alcoholism or obstruction of sphincter of Oddi by gallstones
-Symptoms: steady, boring, dull or sharp; radiates from epigastrium to back; clients prefer fetal position of knees to chest; nausea, vomiting, weight loss, steatorrhea, and glucose intolerance
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|
|
Term
| Urinary Tract Infections: |
|
Definition
Urethritis- frequency, urgency, dysuria
Cystitis- same plus fever, bacteriuria
Pyelonephritis- same plus flank pain, nocturia, hematuria
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of renal glomeruli caused by autoimmune process; symptoms: fever, chills, nausea, malaise, arthralgia, CVA tenderness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
formation of stones in kidney pelvis
Associated with obstruction and UTIs
Alkaline urine- calcium phosphate stones
Acid urine- cystine stones
Men more than women
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sudden, severe impairment
Pre-renal, intra-renal, post-renal
Urine output may be normal, decreased, or absent
May require emergency dialysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Slow, insidious, irreversible renal damage
Uremia develops gradually
Oliguria/anuria; signs of fluid volume overload
Requires dialysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the presence of excessive amounts of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diminished capacity to form and pass urine, less than 500ml every 24 hours
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
absence of urine production or less than 100ml in 24 hours
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|
|
Term
Pre-renal: reduced cardiac output
Intra-renal: acute pyelonephritis/glomerulonephritis, nephrotoxic agents,etc.
Postrenal: urinary tract obstruction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Example Nursing Diagnosis: |
|
Definition
Perceived constipation
Risk for constipation
Diarrhea
Excess fluid volume
Deficient fluid volume
Risk for imbalanced fluid volume
Imbalance nutrition
Acute pain
Nausea
Impaired urinary elimination |
|
|
Term
A 50-year-old client asks how he can reduce his risk of colon cancer. The nurse teaches the client that
|
|
Definition
| Regular exercise to reduce body fat helps prevent colon cancer |
|
|
Term
A client reports a gnawing, burning in the midepigastric area that is aggravated by bending over or lying down. The nurse asks further questions of the client to detect possible:
|
|
Definition
| gastroesophogeal reflux disease (GERD) |
|
|
Term
| Albumin can be low when pt is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| African Americans are 2.5 times as likely to develop what cancer than whites? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the peritoneum has two layers: |
|
Definition
| the parietal and visceral |
|
|
Term
| parietal peritoneum lines the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| visceral peritoneum lines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the space b/w the two layers of the peritoneum is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the external oblique oponeurosis |
|
Definition
| is a stong membrane that covers the entire ventral surface of the abdomen and lies superficial to the rectus abdominis |
|
|
Term
| fibers from both side of the aponeurosis interlace in the midline to form the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a tendinous band that protects the midline of the abdomen b/w the rectus abdominis muscles |
|
|
Term
| the alimentary tract begins with the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hollow, flask-shaped, musclular |
|
|
Term
| the large intestine consists of the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the small intestine, ingested food is... |
|
Definition
| mixed, digested, and absorbed. |
|
|
Term
| what makes red blood cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what activiate B and T lymphocytes (WBC's)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| esophogeal cancer risk increases with age at a peak between what years? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| men are __ times more at risk for esophogeal cancer than women |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What veins empty into the inferior vena cava? |
|
Definition
| hepatic portal system (which drain the intestines, pancreas, stomach, and gallbladder); renal veins (which drain the kidneys and the ureters). |
|
|
Term
| About what percent of pancreatic cancer is believed to be directly related to cigarette smoking? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What meds cause GI side effects and should be noted during assessment? |
|
Definition
| aspirin, NSAID's (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs), |
|
|
Term
| how much tylenol/day increases risk of liver disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most common type of incontinence, characterized by involuntary loss of small amts of urine cause by physical exertion such as coughing, sneezing, jogging, and lifting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| associated with a sudden strong urge to void |
|
|
Term
| pancreatitis pain is relieve in what position? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| visceral pain arises from the |
|
Definition
| GI tract; can be b/c of tumor growth or obstruction |
|
|
Term
| pain from gallbladder disease by be felt in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| back pain is associated with |
|
Definition
| aneurysms or duodenal ulcers |
|
|
Term
| sudden, acute pain that awakens the pt. may be associate with |
|
Definition
| acute preforation, inflammation, or torsion of and abdominal organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pain associated with menstruation; may cause lower abdom pain and vomiting b/c of increase in prostaglandin |
|
|
Term
| pain from appendicitis is relived by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| colicky pain from a gallbladder or kidney stone is relieved by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| individuals with greatest risk for colorectal cancer are those with a history of |
|
Definition
| polyposis, ulcerative colitis, or previous history of the cancer itself |
|
|
Term
| loss of appetite is associate with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| shortness of breath is associated with |
|
Definition
| heart failure, and ascites associated with chronic liver disease |
|
|
Term
| nausea w/o vomiting is common during |
|
Definition
| pregnancy or metastatic disease |
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Term
| one of the seven signs of cancer is a change in |
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Definition
|
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Term
| screening for colorectal cancer should begin at age |
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Definition
|
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Term
| fecal occult blood test should be done in adult 50 or over how often |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| flexible sigmoidoscopy should be done how often in those 50 years of age and over |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
|
Term
| when inspecting the abdomen pt should be in what position |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trauma or low platelet count |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| when auscultating bowel sounds you should begin in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when auscultating the abdomen for bowel sounds use what part of the stethoscope |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| always listen how many minutes in each quadrant? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| bulges during couging indicate |
|
Definition
| abdominal hernia; vental, umbilical, inguinal, or femoral |
|
|
Term
| is peristalsis normally visible |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| marked concavity is usually indicative of |
|
Definition
| general wasting signs or anteroposterior rib expansion |
|
|
Term
| pt. with ileostomy have what kind of stool |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If pt has transverse (upper colon) level colostomy, the stool is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if pt has colostomy in the descending or sigmoid colon, the stool should be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the duration of a normal bowel sound may last |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bowel sounds should be noted every |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bowel sounds are normally |
|
Definition
| high pitched gurgles or clicks, although it varies greatly |
|
|
Term
| report any absence of bowel sounds after listening for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| you should hear bowel sounds how many times in one minute? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| auscultate abdomen for arterial and venous sounds using what part of stethoscope? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
1.epigastric 2.umbilical 3.hypogastric 4.right hypochondriac 5.left hypochondriac 6.right lumbar 7.left lumbar 8.right inguinal 9. left inguinal
|
|
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Term
| when percussing liver begin below the |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| when palpating the abdomen deeply, ask pt. to |
|
Definition
| breathe slowly through the mouth to facilitate muscle relaxation |
|
|
Term
| a nontender, enlarged gallbaldder signifies |
|
Definition
| common bile duct obstruction |
|
|
Term
| when palpating the spleen place your ____ hand over the ____ |
|
Definition
| left; left costovertebral angle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness; tenderness there can indicate problems such as kidney stones |
|
|
Term
| Movement of dullness as pt shifts position reflects |
|
Definition
| the shift of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
|
|
Term
| degeneration of gastric mucosa and decreased secretion of gastric acids and digestive enzymes along with decreases motility occurs in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| palpation of organs may be easier in older adults due to |
|
Definition
| loss of abdominal muscle tone |
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|
