Term
|
Definition
| study of the structure of an organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of the functions of an organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| epithelium that absorbs or secretes chemical solutions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single layer of epithelium cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| multiple layers of epithelium cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cubic shape of a type of epithelial cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| column shape of a type of epithelial cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flat, tile-like shap of a type of epithelial cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
function: bind and support
structure: sparse cells in ECM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tough fiber of ECM; made of collagen; nonelastic; don't tear easily when pulled lengthwise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long thread; made of elastin; rubbery quality; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| very thin and branched; made of collagen; tightly woven fabric continuous with collagenous fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of cell in connective tissue that secretes proteins that make of the fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| functions to destroy microbes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made of: long muscle cells; capable of contracting when stimulated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made up of neurons and supportive cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialized centers of body function composed of several different types of tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membranes that suspend many of the organs inside fluid-filled body cavities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| above the diaphragm, bounded peripherally by the wall of the chest, and contains the heart and lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primarily houses parts of the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems separated by diaphragm from thoracic (mammals only) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groups of organs that work together in forming vital body functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flow of energy through an animal, budget, takes into account: stored, used for basic functions, lost (heat) energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| total amount of energy an animal uses in a unit of time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| describing organisms that are warmed by metabolic heat; maintain relatively stable body temperature compared to environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| describing organisms that do not produce enough metabolic heat to effect the body temperature |
|
|
Term
| basal metabolic rate (BMR) |
|
Definition
| the metabolic rate of a resting, fasting, nonstressed ENDOTHERM |
|
|
Term
| standard metabolic rate (SMR) |
|
Definition
| the metabolic rate of a resting, fasting, nonstressed ECTOTHERM AT A SPECIFIC TEMPERATURE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the fluid filling the spaces between cells in vertebrates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| steady-state physiological condition of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses mechanism of homeostasis to moderate internal changes in the face of external fluctuations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allows some conditions within its body to vary with certain external changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a changes in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a change in some variable triggers mechanisms that further amplify the change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maintenance of internal body temperature within a tolerable range |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| must use environmental energy and behaviors to regulate its body temperature (reptiles, fish, or amphibian) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses metabolic heat to regulate body temperature (mammal, bird) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outer covering of a mammal's body (skin, hair, nails, feathers, fur) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase in the diameter of superficial blood vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decrease in the diameter of superficial blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| countercurrent heat exchanger |
|
Definition
| arrangement of blood vessels that helps trap heat in the body core and is important in reducing heat loss |
|
|
Term
| nonshivering thermogensis (NST) |
|
Definition
| increased production of heat in some mammals by the action of certain hormones that cause mitochondria to increase their metabolic activity and produce heat instead of ATP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissue in some mammals that is specialized for rapid heat production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physiological adjustment to a change in an environmental factor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a physiologcial state that conserves energy by slowing down metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physiological state that allows survival during long periods of cold and reduced food supplies, in which metabolism dereases, the heart and respiratory system slow down, and body temperature is maintained at a lower level than normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| daily decrease in metabolic activity and body temperature during times of inactivity for some small mammals and birds |
|
|
Term
| extracellular matrix (ECM) |
|
Definition
| substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded, consisting of protein and polysacchatides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| binds epithelia to underlying tissue; functions as packing material or padding; all three fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fat tissue; nontypical- nondispersive |
|
|
Term
| Fibrous connective tissue |
|
Definition
| high tensile strength; ECM = chondroitin sulfate and collagenous fibers; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secrete matrix for cartilage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supporting skeleton of most vertebrates; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secrete matrix for bone (become osteocytes when trapped in matrix) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (Haversian system) concentric layers of mineralized matrix; functional unit of bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| liquid matrix of blood in which cells are suspended |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of connective tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| voluntary movements; striated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involuntary movements; unstriated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| short, highly branched processes of a neuron that convey nerve impulses toward the cell body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of a neuron that houses the nucleus and other organelles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long extension, or process, from a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body toward target cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| direct transfer of heat between environment and body surface (two things in contact) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transfer of heat by the movement of air or liquid past a body (wind/flow) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emission of electromagnetic waves produced by all objects (sun) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of heat from body surface due to liquid-gas phase change (cooling only) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of brain that governs feedback mechanisms for controlling thermoregulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
