Term
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Definition
Achalasia
Esophageal Spasm |
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Term
| Non-Specific Motor disorder |
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Definition
Esophageal Ring (Schatzki's Ring)
Esophageal Stricture |
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Term
|
Definition
Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
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Term
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Esophageal (Infection in HIV or immunocompromised state) |
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Definition
Candidal esophagitis
Herpes Simplex Virus esophagitis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) |
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Definition
Electrolyte disturbance
Hypocalcemia |
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Term
| Lesions Associated with Motor Dysfunction |
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Definition
Hiatus Hernia
Achalasia
Diverticula |
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Term
|
Definition
| Congenital weakness of part of the diaphragm, curare or congenital short esophagus & Neuromuscular incoordination |
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Term
| The most common form of a hiatus hernia is the |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Reflux esophagitis, Ulceration, Bleeding & anemia |
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Term
|
Definition
| reduced number of *ganglion cells in myenteric plexus |
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Term
|
Definition
| axonal degeneration of the dorsal motor nucleus and nucleus ambiguous |
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Term
| Etiology of Achalasia is unknown but the suspected cause is |
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Definition
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Term
| Clinical features of Achalasia |
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Definition
| dysphagia, weight loss, regurgitation, chest pain |
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Term
| Commonest age range of patients with Achalasia |
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Definition
| patients between 40 - 70 years |
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Term
Male to female ratio with Achalasia
is |
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Definition
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|
Term
5% of patients with Achalasia
develop |
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Definition
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Term
| abnormalities seen in Achalasia |
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Definition
1. Aperistalsis
2. Partial or complete relaxation of the LES with swallowing
3. Increase resting tone of the LES |
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Term
|
Definition
| Out pouching of the alimentary tract that contains all visceral layers |
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Term
| Zenker diverticulum Occurs |
|
Definition
above the UES
it occurs due to crico-
pharyneal motor dysfunction |
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Term
| Epiphrenic diverticulum occurs |
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Definition
Occurs immediately above
the LES is due to
dys-coordination of peristalsis |
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|
Term
Esophageal Lacerations
( Mallory-Weiss Syndrome) are |
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Definition
| Are longitudinal tears at the espohago-gastric junction caused by serve retching |
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Term
| Esophageal Lacerations are seen often in |
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Definition
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|
Term
| serve retching seen in Esophageal Lacerations is due to |
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Definition
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Term
| Esophageal Varices are associated with |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Esophageal Varices are asymptomatic until they |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Esophageal Varices result in |
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Definition
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Term
| 40 to 50 % of patients with Esophageal Varices die in the |
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Definition
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|
Term
In Esophageal Varices Rebleeding is expected in 50%
within |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| 5% of the adult population in USA |
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|
Term
Reflux esophagitis:
Is a common condition in people above the age of |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Reflux esophagitis can lead to |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Causes of Reflux esophagitis |
|
Definition
Decreased LES tone.
Sliding hiatal hernia.
Increased gastric volume |
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|
Term
| people with reflux esophagitis would like to avoid this after a meal |
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Definition
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Term
| Barrett Esophagus finding |
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Definition
| Columnar cells -lined distal esophagus. |
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Term
| Causes of Barrett Esophagus |
|
Definition
Due to metaplasia of the distal oesophageal mucosa.
As a complication of long standing gastroesophageal reflux |
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Term
| Barrett Esophagus can lead to |
|
Definition
| squamous or columnar cell carcinomas |
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Term
| Clinical features of Barrett Esophagus |
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Definition
| is usually asymptomatic and is usually recognized as an incidental finding at endoscopy |
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Term
| Barrett Esophagus is a high risk for |
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Definition
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Term
| Risk Factors for Barrett Esophagus |
|
Definition
Gastroesophageal Reflux
(GERD Symptoms > 3x/week for 20 years), Older age,
Tobacco Abuse (2 fold increase in Esophageal Cancer),
Male gender,
Obesity |
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Term
| What ethinic backgrounds are more likely to develop Barrett Esophagus |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Dysphagia
Odynaphagia
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Weight loss |
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Term
| The most common tumor of the esophagus is: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Esophageal carcinoma 90% are |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Esophageal carcinoma 8% are |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Esophageal carcinoma Overall 5 year survival rate is |
|
Definition
| very poor and is at best 20% |
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Term
| In Esophageal carcinoma patients less than 50% of patients are |
|
Definition
| suitable for potentially curative treatment . Of those less than 40% survive one year |
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|
Term
Risk factors for
Squamous cell carcinoma diet |
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Definition
| Alcohol / tobacco . Diet high in nitrosamines .Aflatoxins .Vitamin deficiencies - vitamins A & C .Zinc. Achalasia |
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|
Term
Risk factors for
Squamous cell carcinoma genetic |
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Definition
| High incidence in Areas of Northern China and the Caspian region |
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|
Term
Adenocarcinoma
15% associated with |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Clinical features of Adenocarcinoma |
|
Definition
Progressive dysphagia
Respiratory symptoms due to overspill or occasionally a trachea-esophageal fistula
Weight loss |
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Term
| Symptoms of Adenocarcinoma |
|
Definition
Progressive Dysphagia or odynaphagia for months
Unintentional Weight Loss (10% over <6 months) |
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Term
| Later Symptoms of Adenocarcinoma |
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Definition
Trunk pain
Initially swallowing-induced (constant later)
Location of pain
Chest and upper back: Upper 2/3 of esophagus
Abdomen and low back: Lower third of esophagus
Halitosis (bad breath)
Clubbing (nail beds loose angle tip of nail will turn in) |
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Term
| Signs of Adenocarcinoma: Suggesting local tumor spread |
|
Definition
Suggesting local tumor spread
Hoarseness (Recurrent laryngeal nerve involvement)
Horner Syndrome
Lymphadenopathy
Persistent Hiccups (diaphragm association) |
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