Term
| What is the endocrine system? |
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Definition
| Slow and sustained organization and control |
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Term
| What are endocrine glands? |
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Definition
Ductless glands
They secrete hormone direct into the bloodstream |
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Term
| What are the functions of the endocrine system? |
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Definition
Growth and Maturation
Metabolism
Reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
Chemicals secreted into the bloodstream which regulate the activities of body systems and tissues
Target organ /tissue |
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Term
| What are the classification of hormones? |
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Definition
Protein: Amino acids
digested in stomach
Steroids based on cholesterol |
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Term
| Most protein hormones cannot be administered |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are most protein hormones digested? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does fat(cholesterol) get absorbed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Steroid hormones are all based on what molecule? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| Natural cycle for secretion of the hormone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| When is cortasol secreted? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is melatonin secreted? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most hormones are regulated by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is negative feedback? |
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Definition
| Production of the hormone or the effect of hormone production causes a decrease in its secretion |
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Term
| What is positive feedback? |
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Definition
| Production of the hormone or the effect of hormone causes an increase of its secretion |
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Term
| An example of positive feedback is? |
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Definition
| Childbirth (it has an endpoint) |
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Term
| An example of negative feedback is? |
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Definition
| Regulation of blood sugar in humans - When blood sugar rises, insulin sends a signal to the liver, muscles and other cells to store the excess glucose. Some is stored as body fat and other is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. |
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Term
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Definition
Admin via infusion pump-flow ate go away for an hour comeback and increase rate
Augment labor |
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Term
| Another example of positive feedback is? |
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Definition
| A bloodclot (positive feedback has an end) |
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Term
| What hormone regulates Basal Metabolic Rate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the master gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| Activity of the pituitary gland is regulated by the? |
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Definition
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Term
| The pituitary gland is located in the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Part of the floor of the cranium |
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Term
| The pituitary gland is attach to the hypothalamus by? |
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Definition
| A stalk called the infundibulum |
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Term
| The two lobes of the pituitary are distinct and called? |
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Definition
| The anterior lobe and posterior lobe |
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Term
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Definition
Anterior pituitary gland
GH
Acts on most body tissues
Causes growth in height prior to closure of the epiphyseal discs
Has a major role in metabolism
Stimulates protein synthesis
Is needed for tissue repair
Overproduction gigantism or acromegaly
Underproduction dwarfism |
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Term
| Thyroid Stimulating hormone is? |
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Definition
Anterior pituitary gland
TSH
Target tissue: Thyroid gland
Effect: Secretion of thyroid hormones |
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Term
| Andrenocorticotropic hormone is? |
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Definition
Anterior pituitary gland
ACTH
Target tissue: Adrenal cortex
Effect: Secretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex |
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Term
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Definition
Anterior pituitary gland
PRL
Target organ: Mammary glands
Effect: Milk production post partum |
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Term
| Follicle stimulating hormone is? |
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Definition
Anterior pituitary gland
FSH
Target organ: Ovaries/testes
Effect: Development of ova/sperm cells |
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Term
| What are the Gonadotropin-releasing hormones? |
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Definition
FSH and LH
Anterior pituitary gland |
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Term
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Definition
Anterior pituitary gland
LH
Target organ: Ovaries
Effect: Ovulation |
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Term
| LH (interstitial stimulating hormone) |
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Definition
Target organ: Testes
Effect: Testosterone secretion |
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Term
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Definition
Posterior pituitary gland
ADH (Vasopressin)
Target organ: Kidneys
Effect: Reabsorption of water by the kidney tubiles from the forming urine
High concentrations cause vasoconstriction
Hyposecretion: diabetes insipidus
Hypersecretion: SIADH |
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Term
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Definition
Posterior pituitary gland
Target organ: uterus and breasts
Effect: Uterine contractions and milk ejection
Oxytocin production is controlled by a positive feedback loop |
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Term
| Where is the thyroid gland located? |
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Definition
In the neck just under the larynx
It has two lobes(butterfly) |
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Term
| The thyroid gland produces what hormones? |
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Definition
Thyroxin(T4)
Triiodothyronine(T3)
Calcitonin |
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Term
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Definition
Thyroxine T4
Triidothyronine T3 |
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Term
| What is necessary for making T3 and T4? |
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Definition
Iodine
Hypothyroidism on low if not enough metabolic support |
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Term
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Definition
| Survive mental retardation in infants and children |
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Term
| What is hypothyroid Goiter? |
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Definition
Cold and tolerant
lethargic
Going to have bradycardia set on low...too low = coma |
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Term
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Definition
Increased metabolic rate
tachycardia
Looks almost manic
hard to stay bedded |
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Term
| What is the treatment of hypothyroidism? |
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Definition
Give hormone
Destroy or remove part of gland and replace |
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Term
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Definition
Take calcium from bloodstream and deposit into bone
target organ: Bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Giving calcium so it goes up is a supplement to prevent? |
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Definition
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Term
| Caclitonin does what to the blood calcium concentration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the parathyroid gland? |
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Definition
PTH
Four pea sized glands located on the back of the thyroid |
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Term
| What is the antagonist of calcitonin? |
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Definition
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Term
| The parathyroid gland increases blood calcium concentration by |
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Definition
Promoting bone resorption
Increasing absorption of Ca from food
Decreases Ca excretion by the kidneys |
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Term
| What is the adrenal glands? |
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Definition
| Pyramid shaped glands located one on top of each kidney(suprarenal) |
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Term
| What are the two parts of the adrenal glands? |
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Definition
| The medulla and the cortex |
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Term
| Hormonal secretions (catecholamines) are produced in response to? |
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Definition
| sympathetic impulses from the nervous systems(hypothalamus) |
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Term
| What hormone from the anterior pituitary gland affects the adrenal cortex? REGULATES |
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Definition
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Term
| Epinephrine and Nor epinephrine does what to cardiac contractions? |
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Definition
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Term
| Epinephrine and Nor epinephrine does what to the bronchi and what to peristalsis and promotes what in the liver? |
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Definition
Dilates the bronchi
Decreases peristalsis
Promotes conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver |
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Term
| Sympathetic nervous system controls? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Nothing else is relevant to you. You will die in your mind |
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Term
| During fight or flight what system responds first and what follows if it continues |
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Definition
| CNS followed by endocrine response if it continues |
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Term
| What are Glucocorticoids? (Cortisol) |
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Definition
One of three types of steroid hormones from adrenal cortex Secreted during times of stress
Increase use of fat and amino acids for energy
Raose blood glucose levels
Increase the blood levels of fatty acids and amino acids
Anti inflammatory |
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Term
| What are mineralcorticoids? (Aldosterone) |
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Definition
One of three types of steroid hormones from adrenal cortex
Water follow the salt. Sodium is the most important electrolyte.
Target organ: Kidney
Promotes excretion of K
important in fluid electrolyte and pH balance |
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Term
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Definition
A mechanism B/P too low can't profuse our organs.
Fixes hypotension |
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Term
| What does renin activate? |
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Definition
| Angiotensin 1,2 helps to make Aldosterone |
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Term
| What are the sex hormones of the adrenal cortex |
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Definition
Androgen for males
Estrogen for females |
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Term
| What is Addisons disease? (adrenal cortex) |
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Definition
Hyposecretion of hormones of the adrenal cortex
Too much sodium in the Urine |
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Term
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Definition
| an exocrine and endocrine gland |
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Term
| Alpha cells make? (pancreas) |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Beta cells make? (pancreas) |
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Definition
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Term
| Aldosterone is? (aldrenal cortex) |
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Definition
Hypersecretion of Na
K retention
Sever dehydration
Low blood volume
Low BP |
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Term
| Cortisol is? (aldrenal cortex) |
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Definition
Hypoglycemia
Muscle weakness
Inability to resist
Physiological stress |
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Term
| What is cushings syndrome of the adrenal cortex? |
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Definition
Hypersecretion of hormones of the adrenal cortex
Cortisol: Hyperglycemia, fat deposition in the trunk, moon face, buffalo hump, thin fragile skin, fragile bones, and muscle weakness |
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Term
| Where does the endocrine functions of the pancreas take place? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does insulin do to facilitate? |
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Definition
| It facilitates the diffusion of glucose across the cell membrane |
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Term
| Insulin does what to blood glucose levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| Insulin helps cells to ensure they have glucose to |
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Definition
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Term
| Insulin does what to glucose uptake by the liver and conversion of glucose to glycogen? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the characteristics of Glucagon? |
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Definition
Causes the liver to convert glycogen to glucose
Increases the blood glucose levels
Increase the rate of conversion of amino acids to glucose |
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Term
| Diabetes mellitus type 1 is a? |
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Definition
Disease of secretion
No insulin secretion or insufficient insulin secretion |
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Term
| Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a? |
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Definition
Disease of respone
The response of the cells to insulin diminishes
Both types are marked by hyperglycemia |
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Term
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Definition
| Located in the scrotal sac. The interstitial cells produce testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
A sex hormone
Promotes maturation of sperm cells and the development of secondary sex characteristics |
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Term
| Where are ovaries located? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Maturation of the ovum
Growth of the endometrium in preparation for possible implantation
Development of secondary sex characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| Promotes growth of the endometrium |
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Term
| What is the pineal gland? |
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Definition
Located in the brain(diencephalon)
Its function is very sensitive to light conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| Excess glucose increases osmotic pressure of blood. Water moves cell to bloodstream kidney wants to get rid of it |
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Term
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Definition
| Osmotic pressure up makes you thirsty |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| In type 1 diabetes the beta cells are? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The pineal gland secretes? |
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Definition
Melatonin (darkness)
Seratonin (light) |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulates the onset of sleep and increases its duration(follows a daily cycle) Darkness |
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Term
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Definition
| Helps with regulation of mood and more is produced in light |
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Term
| Where is the thymus gland? |
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Definition
| Located in the thoracic cavity behind the sternum |
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Term
| The thymus gland is what size in the fetus and children? |
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Definition
| Large and shrinks with age |
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Term
| What does the thymus gland secrete? |
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Definition
| Secretes thymosin which promotes proliferation and maturation of T lymphocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| Dorsally in the abdominopelvic cavity |
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Term
| Renin is produced in response to |
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Definition
Low BP
Converts angiotensin to angio tensin 1
Part of the renin angiotensin aldosterone mechanism |
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Term
| What is erthropoietin? (kidney) |
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Definition
Produced in respone to tissue hypoxia
Promotes erthropoeisis |
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Term
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Definition
| Temporary secretory organ |
|
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Term
| What does the placenta secrete? |
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Definition
| estrogen and progesterone which maintain the pregnancy |
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Term
|
Definition
Produced by most tissues and exert local effects. There are many different types of prostaglandins. They are involved in:
Inflammation
Vasoconstriction
Reproduction
Blood clotting
Pain
Vasodilation
Utherine contractions |
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