Term
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Definition
| uniform width and parallel fascicles |
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Term
| triangular (convergent) muscles |
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Definition
fan-shaped, broad at origin and tapering to a narrower insertion
pectoralis major, temporali |
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Term
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Definition
| fascicles attached to one side of tendon ex: semimembranosus |
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Term
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Definition
| fascicles approach tendon from both sides |
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Term
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Definition
| form rings around certain body openings constrict opening when they contract |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple bipennate tendons coverage to form one tendon ex: deltoid |
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Term
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Definition
| feather shaped w/ tendons that runs up the middle of the muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| very little separation b/w muscle and bone before attachment |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle fibers attach to a tendon or fascia first, and tendon/fascia attaches to bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| connective tissue band that tendons from separate muscles pass under a CT band |
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Term
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Definition
| attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| attachment to movable bone |
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Term
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Definition
| effect produced by a muscle to produce or prevent movement |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle producing most force during a particular action |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle opposing the force of a particular action |
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Term
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Definition
| huge protein b/w sarcolemma and myofilaments |
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Term
| Resting Membrane Potential |
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Definition
| charge difference across the plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| smaller, slower nerve fibers activate smaller less powerful motor units activate as needed |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle that is outside a body part, organ, or bone |
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Term
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Definition
| large, less sensitive neurons for strength, many muscle fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| sometimes from from SR, most of time from ECF through gated channels in sarcolemma |
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Term
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Definition
| very little separation b/w muscle and bone before attachment |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks the active site of myosin in relaxed muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| too much ECF, so fiber becomes less excitable |
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Term
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Definition
| muscles transition to anaerobic fermentation to "buy time" until cardiopulmonary function can catch up with muscles' oxygen demand |
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Term
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Definition
| An oxygen-storing, pigmented protein in muscle cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cold contracts smooth muscle, warm relaxes |
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Term
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Definition
| Cardiac muscle cells ability to contract on its own |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| thick filaments linked by dark transverse protein complex at middle of H band |
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Term
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Definition
| uniform width and parallel fascicles |
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Term
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Definition
| form rings around certain body openings constrict opening when they contract |
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Term
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Definition
| record of muscle contraction (chart) |
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Term
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Definition
| thicker muscle forms more myosin-actin bridges more force |
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Term
| multiple motor unit summation |
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Definition
| the relationship between increased stimulus strength and an increased number of contracting motor units |
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Term
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Definition
| stomach and bladder contract in response to stretch |
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Term
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Definition
| more muscle fibers at work mean more strength |
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Term
| Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption |
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Definition
| Oxygen difference b/w need and end of exercise and resting O2 consumption |
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Term
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Definition
| local electrical change triggers a wave of excitation that travels along the muscle fiber |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Connective tissue surrounding a muscle fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| effect produced by a muscle to produce or prevent movement |
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Term
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Definition
| plasma membrane of muscle fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| "same length" contraction; change in tone w/o change in length as when maintaining joint position or holding heavy weight |
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Term
| length-tension relationship |
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Definition
| optimal length of a muscle results in optimal force production |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle generates ammonia and in brain this inhibits motor neurons, so less output sent to the muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| light band where thick filaments don't reach in relaxed muscle |
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Term
| slow twitch fibers (type I) |
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Definition
| adapted for endurance and fatigue resistance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| produce lots of ATP, require oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| fibrous CT sheath covering whole muscle, continuous w/ tendon |
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Term
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Definition
| myoglobin provides O2 for aerobic respiration for short time, ADP+Pi can be borrowed to generate ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| greater frequency of stimulation increases contraction and strength |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle lengthens as it maintains tension (ex): contraction of biceps brachii against action of triceps brachii during elbow extension |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lots of myoglobin gives red color requires lots of oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| smooth muscle adjusts tension to degree of stretch, so organ can shrink back down when no longer stretched. |
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Term
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Definition
| attachment to movable bone |
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Term
| automatic nerve fibers and NTs |
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Definition
| can inhibit or excite parasympathetic nervous system stimulates w/ ACh. Sympathetic nervous system stimulates norepinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
| dark line, anchors thin and elastic filaments |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of electrolytes through sweat alters ion balance of ECF and reduces excitability |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| multiple bipennate tendons coverage to form one tendon ex: deltoid |
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Term
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Definition
| point of contact between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle cell |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| small sensitive neurons for fine motor control few muscle fibers (3-6 muscle fibers per neuron) |
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Term
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Definition
| smooth ER of muscle fiber packed b/w myofibrils |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to recoil to resting length |
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Term
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Definition
| same tension, changing length |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| short, fulsiform, non-striated, involuntary capable of hyperclacia and hypertrophy |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of smooth muscle found in the iris of the eye and in the walls of blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| ADP slows cross-bridge cycling; Pi slows Ca2+ release from SR, reduces sensitivity to Ca2+ by contractile mechanism and decreased force from myofibrils |
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Term
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Definition
| long, fibrous, striated, voluntary |
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Term
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Definition
| larger MUs produce more force |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle shortens as it maintains tension (ex) contraction of biceps brachii to flex elbow |
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Term
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Definition
| found only in heart, involuntary |
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Term
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Definition
| thick filaments side by side with especially dark area due to hexagonal arrangement of thin filaments around each thick filament |
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Term
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Definition
| contraction of muscles against a load that resists movement |
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Term
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Definition
| external tension begins to shorten muscle and do work |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fibrous connective tissue that surrounds groups of muscle fibers called fascicles |
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Term
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Definition
| produces little ATP, but does not require oxygen |
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Term
| skeletal-muscular contraction |
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Definition
| Excitation, excitation--contraction coupling, contraction, relaxation |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle producing most force during a particular action |
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