Term
| What are the 6 Functions of the Digestive System |
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Definition
ingestion
secretion
digestion (chemical and mechanical)
mixing & propulsion
absorption
defecation |
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Term
| What is another name for the gastrointestinal system |
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Definition
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Term
| What organs are included in the Gastrointestinal System |
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Definition
| mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine |
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Term
| What are the accessory organs in the GI |
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Definition
| teeth, tongue salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas |
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Term
| What does the myenteric plexus control |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the submucosal plexus control |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the five major folds of the Peritoneum |
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Definition
| greater omentum, falcifrom ligament, lesser omentum, mesentery, mesocolon |
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Term
| What does the greater omentum lay over |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the lesser omentum cover |
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Definition
| liver down to the stomach |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the Peritoneum |
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Definition
| protect the digestive system |
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Term
| What does the mesentary cover |
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Definition
| covers the small and large intestens |
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Term
| What does the mesocolon cover |
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Definition
| transverse colon(large intestine) |
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Term
| What are the retro peritoneal organs |
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Definition
| organs covered on the front by the peritoneum |
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Term
| What forms the oral cavity |
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Definition
| cheeks, hard and soft palates, teeth, and the tongue |
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Term
| What is another name for the oral cavity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| chewing/ breaks & mixes food with saliva to form a bolus that can be swallowed |
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Term
| What are the three pairs of salivary glands that secret saliva in the mouth |
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Definition
| sub mandibular, sub lingual, parotid |
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Term
| What is the tongue made up of |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the tongue |
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Definition
| Force moistened food bolus into position for swallowing |
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Term
| What do the extrinsic muscles of tongue do |
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Definition
| attach to nearby bones and move tongue in all directions |
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Term
| What do the intrinsic muscles in the tongue do |
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Definition
| alter its shape and size for speech and swallowing |
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Term
| Where is the sub mandibular |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the parotid located |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of enamel |
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Definition
| cover the dentin on top of the crown and provide protection |
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Term
| What makes up most of a tooth |
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Definition
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Term
| What is in the center of a tooth |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the pulp of a tooth made up of |
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Definition
| connective tissue containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels |
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Term
| What are the two sets of teeth humans have in their life time |
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Definition
| dentition and permanent teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| the 20 deciduous baby teeth |
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Term
| When do the dentition start to form |
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Definition
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Term
| How many permanent teeth do we have |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 regions of the stomach |
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Definition
| cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus |
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Term
| What are the functions of the stomach |
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Definition
| mixing and storing for food bolus |
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Term
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Definition
| folds in the stomach allowing food to be stored until they are digested |
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Term
| What are the four layers of the stomach |
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Definition
| mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa |
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Term
| What is the added layer in the muscularis in the stomach |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the oblique layer |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| allow for exocrine secretions used in continued chemical digestion |
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Term
| Where are gastric pits formed |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the mucosa in the stomach |
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Definition
| secrete mucus that forms a protective layer that prevents digestion of the stomach wall |
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Term
| What is the function of the parietal cells in the stomach |
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Definition
| secrete HCl and secrete intrinsic factor |
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Term
| What is the importance of HCl in the stomach |
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Definition
| kills microbes, turns pepsinogen into pepsin, and denatures proteins |
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Term
| Functions of the chief cells |
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Definition
| Secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase |
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Term
| What is the function of G cells |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the importance of gastrin |
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Definition
| Stimulate parietal cells to secrete HCl and chief cells to secrete pepsinogen |
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Term
| What is the importance of pepsin |
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Definition
| breaks down proteins into peptides |
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Term
| What does gastric lipids do in the stomach |
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Definition
| splits triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Under aerobic conditions where does pyruvic acid moved to |
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Definition
| it is shuffled into the mitochondria |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| how many carbons are in the Krebs cycle |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do NADH and FADH go after the Kerbs Cycle |
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Definition
| the electron transport chain |
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Term
| How many times does the Krebs cycle turn for each glucose |
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Definition
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Term
| how many ATP are made in the Krebs Cycle |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the transition cycle and the Krebs Cycle take place |
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Definition
| the middle of the mitochondria |
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Term
| Where is the electron transport chain located |
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Definition
| middle of the mitochondrial matrix |
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Term
| What does the electron transport chain consist of |
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Definition
| several e- carriers that create an electrochemical gradient & shuttle e- to meet O2 + H to make water |
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Term
| Where does glycogenesis occur |
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Definition
| skeletal muscle fibers and the liver |
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Term
| Where does glycogenolysis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| forming "new" glucose or metabolites from fat or protein |
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Term
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Definition
| spherical particles with an other shell of proteins |
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Term
| What do lipoproteins carry |
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Definition
| triglycerides, cholesterol esters, and fat-soluble vitamins |
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Term
| Where is the Chylomicrons formed |
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Definition
| epithelial mucosa of the small intestine |
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Term
| What do chylomicrons carry |
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Definition
| absorbed TGs to adipose tissue and small amounts of protein, P-lipids, and cholesterol |
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Term
| What is the job of the lacteal in the small intestine |
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Definition
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Term
| Can you make linoleic acid and linolenic acid |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| breaking down of TG to glycerol and fatty acids |
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Term
| What group does two carbons belong to |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the only place ketone bodies are formed |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the functions of proteins |
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Definition
| structural, regulatory, contractile, immunological, transport, and catalytic |
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Term
| What is protein catabolism |
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Definition
| breaking down of unwanted proteins |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does endogenous mean |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens during hepatocytes deaminate |
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Definition
| remove an amino group and leaves an organic acid |
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Term
| What can you do with the organic acids after hepatocytes |
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Definition
| they can be oxidized to CO2 |
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Term
| What are the two groups of amino acids and how many are in each |
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Definition
9 essential (indispensable) amino acids
11 dispensable amino acids |
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Term
| In metabolism where do all roads lead to |
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Definition
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Term
| What is happening in the absorption state |
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Definition
| things are being stored away for a later time. |
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Term
| What is happening in postabsorptive state |
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Definition
| the body is using the stored energy |
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