Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee?

hamstring muscles

What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle called?

a sarcomere

Oxytocin ________.

release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism

The major targets of growth hormone are ________.

bones and skeletal muscles

Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide.

True

What are menisci?

Which muscle group is involved when a "pulled groin" occurs?

Which of the following does not describe the ANS?

The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of joints.

True

The second-messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by ________.

Tendon sheaths ________.

Which tissue type arises from all three embryonic germ layers?

Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing form structures called ________.

Which of these is an inclusion, not an organelle?

melanin

Which part of the ethmoid bone forms the superior part of the nasal septum?

perpendicular plate

The largest and strongest bone of the face is the maxilla.

False

The pituitary gland is housed in the ________.

sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

Which of the following is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury?

concussion

The neural layer of the retina prevents excessive scattering of light within the eye.

False

Meningitis is the most accurate term for inflammation of neurons.

False

What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called?

an agonist

ADH ________.

is inhibited by alcohol

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________.

endocrine

Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body's natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage?

Which of the following are cartilaginous joints?

Synchondroses

Which of the following is not a parathyroid gland mechanism to maintain adequate levels of blood calcium?

activation of osteoclasts

Which of the following is not a way that sensory receptors are classified?

sensitivity to a stimulus

What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction?

bind to regulatory sites on troponin to remove contraction inhibition

Erection of the penis or clitoris ________.

Large-diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small-diameter fibers.

True

What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles?

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?

prefrontal cortex

Norepinephrine-releasing fibers are called cholinergic fibers.

True

Regardless of race, all human beings have about the same number of melanocytes.

True

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________.

amphiarthroses

Which of the following would you not find in normal cerebrospinal fluid?

glucose

Which vertebra does not have a body?

atlas

What are the most important factors influencing hair growth?

Crenation (shrinking) is likely to occur in blood cells immersed in ________.

a hypertonic solution

Which bone contains areas of diaphysis and epiphysis areas, a tuberosity near its middle, and is proportionally more compact than spongy bone?

humerus

Which term means toward or at the back of the body, behind?

dorsal

Which statement about malnutrition-induced night blindness is most accurate?

The term osteoid refers to the organic part of the matrix of compact bones.

True

Mitosis ________.

Thyroxine is a peptide hormone, but its mechanism is different from other peptide hormones. Which of the following statements is true concerning this difference?

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________.

removal of a water molecule between each two units

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

production of blood cells (hematopoiesis)

The obturator nerve branches from the sacral plexus.

False

Lipid rafts, found in the cell outer membrane surface, are concentrating platforms for certain receptor molecules or for protein molecules needed for cell signaling..

True

Aldosterone ________.

functions to increase sodium reabsorption

Salivary glands exhibit simple tubuloalveolar glandular arrangement.

False

When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy, the resulting graded potential is called a(n) ________.

generator potential

Eccentric contractions are more forceful than concentric contractions.

True

The most powerful muscle in the body is the ________.

quadriceps femoris

Because the ANS is a visceral motor system, afferent pathways are of no importance and actually are rarely found.

False

False

White matter is found in all of the following locations except the ________.

cerebral cortex

Virtually all of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through intracellular ________.

second messengers

Which of the following is the correct simple spinal reflex arc?

receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium ciliated variety ________.

lines most of the respiratory tract

Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood?

epiphyseal plate

The skin is not able to receive stimuli because the cells of the epidermis are not living and therefore there are no sensory receptors in the skin.

False

Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the ________.

premotor cortex

As sound levels increase in the spiral organ (of Corti), ________.

outer hair cells stiffen the basilar membrane

True

Which brain waves are not normal for awake adults but are common for children?

Delta

You notice that you cannot read your book through a test tube of patient fluid held against the print, making it so blurred as to be unreadable. There is no precipitant in the bottom of the beaker, though it has been sitting for several days in a rack. What type of liquid is this?

colloid

Mixtures are combinations of elements or compounds that are physically blended together but are not bound by chemical bonds.

True

After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by ________.

Schwann cells

Glycogen, the storage form of glucose, is primarily stored in muscle tissue only.

False

The hormone that raises blood sugar levels is insulin.

False

Which of the following adrenergic neurotransmitter receptors plays the major role in heart activity?

beta 1

Which of the following muscles serves as a common intramuscular injection site, particularly in infants?

the vastus lateralis

Cellular responses to hormones that initiate second-messenger systems include ________.

possible activation of several different second-messenger systems

Generalizations that does not describe the cerebral cortex?

The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.

 Ceruminous glands are modified merocrine glands.

True

Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli.

True

Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?

longitudinal fissure

Which bone acts as a moveable base for the tongue?

hyoid bone

What ion is sometimes used as a second messenger of amino acidbased hormones?

calcium

Which of the following is not found in the matrix of cartilage but is found in bone?

blood vessels

External strabismus and ptosis could be caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve.

True

The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ________ synovial joint.

Each daughter cell resulting from mitotic cell division has exactly as many chromosomes as the parent cell.

True

Isotopes differ from each other only in the number of electrons the atom contains.

False

During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative.

True

In which body cavities are the lungs located?

pericardial, ventral, and thoracic

Regarding net diffusion, the greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate.

True

The chemical symbol OO means ________.

the atoms are double bonded

Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped?

the patellar ligament

Concentration differences cause ionic imbalances that polarize the cell membrane, and active transport processes.

True

Sorting of sensory information and relaying it to the appropriate cerebral sensory area occurs in the hypothalamus.

False

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________.

osteoblast

All of the bones of the skull, except the mandible, are united by sutures and are therefore immovable.

True

The dermis is a strong, flexible connective tissue layer. Which of the following cell types are likely to be found in the dermis?

fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells

The strongest muscle contractions are normally achieved by ________.

increasing the stimulation up to the maximal stimulus

Once a sympathetic preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion, it can do all but which one of the following?

synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion

________ cavities are spaces within joints.

Synovial

The beta cells in the pancreatic islets produce insulin.

True

The anterior chamber of the eye is filled with vitreous humor.

False