Term
| What are the 4 major characteristics of the cell membrane? |
|
Definition
-flexible
-composed of lipids, proteins, and cholesterol.
-membrane is phospholipids bilayer
-selectively permeable. |
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Term
| what are the 4 main traits of phospholipid bilayer? |
|
Definition
-hydrophilic ends
-hydrophobic tails
-tails make up interior
-tails form barrier and is a double layer |
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|
Term
| what does the membrane form a barrier to? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exterior has hydrophilic ends and interior has hydrophobic tails |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of membrane proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which spans the width of the membrane? (Integral or peripheral) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 types of integral proteins? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Globular acts as channels. Fibrous acts as receptors |
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|
Term
| What is on the outer or inner surface and can function as enzymes? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What can glycoprotein's serve as? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What helps stabilize the membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is in the cytosol? (4 things) |
|
Definition
| water, amino acids, sugars, and enzymes |
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Term
| What is made of flattened sacs and canals and serves as a transport system? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What contains enzymes for lipid and carbohydrate syntheses? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What contains enzymes for lipid and carbohydrate syntheses? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are ribosomes composed of? What is it necessary for? |
|
Definition
| protein and RNA and they are the protein factories. (necessary for protein synthesis) |
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|
Term
| What is the inspection, package, and shipping department of the cell? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the process by which a protein is formed? |
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Definition
| protein made by ribosomes > goes to golgi > golgi modifies and packages > vesicle pinches off from golgi for shipping towards the plasma membrane. |
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|
Term
| What has sacs with inner potions? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the "garbage disposals" of the cell? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the centrosome made of? |
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Definition
| 2 cylinders called centrioles which are made up of microtubules: involved in cell reproduction |
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Term
| What is formed by action of the cell membrane, which folds inward and pinches off. And it's function is to transport substances into and out of the cell? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are ribosomes produced? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of vesicles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is chomatin made of? |
|
Definition
| DNA molecules wrapped around histones |
|
|
Term
| How many chromosomes do humans have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the types of passive transport mechanisms? |
|
Definition
| simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and filtration |
|
|
Term
| What are the types of active transport mechanisms? |
|
Definition
| pinocytosis, phagocytosis, mediated endocytosis, and exocytosis |
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|
Term
| What is movement of molecules from high to low concentration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What factors influence the rate of diffusion? |
|
Definition
| distance, concentration gradient, and temperature |
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|
Term
| What is different about facilitated diffusion? |
|
Definition
| it uses a carrier molecule |
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|
Term
| What is a special case of diffusion in which water moves from low solute concentration to a high solute concentration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe osmotic pressure |
|
Definition
| it increases as the number of particles increase and acts as a pulling force |
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|
Term
| what is a pushing force that relies on hydrostatic pressure? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens because the molecules are too large to diffuse? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What requires that a molecule bind to a receptor before the cell will engulf something? |
|
Definition
| receptor mediated endocytosis |
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|
Term
| What involves engulfing of a liquid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what involves engulfing in particles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the order of the cell cycle? |
|
Definition
| interphase, mitosis, cytoplasmic division, differentiation |
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|
Term
| What is the term for the division of nuclear contents? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens at the end of anaphase? |
|
Definition
| cytoplasmic division begins |
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|
Term
| What is it called when cells develop different characteristics in structure and function? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do several amino acids make? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a bond between 2 amino acids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 polynucleotide chains bonded by hydrogen bonds |
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|
Term
| What are the bases made up of? |
|
Definition
| 5-carbon sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base |
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|
Term
| What are the bases of DNA? |
|
Definition
| adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine |
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|
Term
| What are the bases of RNA? |
|
Definition
| uracil, thymine, guanine, and cytosine |
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|
Term
| What is mRNA responsible for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transcription VS Translation |
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Definition
| Transcription occurs in nucleus, translation occurs in cytoplasm |
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|
Term
| What is a triplet of nucleotides in mRNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does mRNA associate with in the cytoplasm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti-codon VS codon VS triplets |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what aligns the amino acids to connect them? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the process of protein synthesis? |
|
Definition
| transcription > translation > protein synthesis. |
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