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| meninges (singular: meninx) |
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| three wrappings which protect the brain and spinal cord |
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| outermost meninx; toughest membrane, bluish-white in color |
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| middle meninix; for practical purposes, it is not distinguishable from innermost meninx |
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| innermost meninx; closely applied to the surface of the brain and not nearly as strong at the dura mater |
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| the pia and arachnoid meninges together |
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| convolutions or ridges seen on the exterior of the cerebrum and cerebellum |
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| outer, shallow grooves separating adjacent gyri; seen in the region of the cerebrum and cerebellum |
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| very deep groove separating the cerebrum into right and left cerebral hemispheres |
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| largest portions of the brain; cover much of the remainder of the brain; perform complex mental functions of the body , among other functions |
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| very deep groove separating the cerebrum from the cerebellum |
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| two; attached to the underside of the cerebral hemispheres; concerned with smell; the first cranial nerves, the olfactory nerves, terminate in these bulbs |
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| lateral olfactory tract (lateral olfactory stria) |
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Definition
| attached to the underside of the brain; leading away from olfactory bulbs in a postero-lateral direction; wide, whitish bands |
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| laterally placed where a lateral olfactory tract ends; also known as the parahippocampal gyrus; in human, it is the temporal lobe |
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| outer, darker portions of the cerebral hemispheres as revealed in either cross-sections or frontal sections of the brain; there are also smaller, inner portions called basal ganglia or basal nuclei |
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| outer gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres |
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| inner, lighter portions of the brain, as seen in cross sections and frontal sections |
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| large fiber tract connecting the 2 cerebral hemispheres |
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| expanded cranial end of the corpus callosum |
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| expanded caudal end of the corpus callosum |
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| slender part between genu and splenium |
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| thin, vertical septum of tissue ventral to the corpus callosum; often torn during dissection; separates the 2 lateral ventricles |
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| adjacent to and underneath corpus callosum and septum pellucidum as seen in sagittal view; connects the cerebral hippocampal regions in the front of the brain the hypothalamic mammillary bodies further back in the brain |
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| seen in sagittal section as a small round mass of white matter below the visible portion of the fornix; olfactory connection which runs between 2 cerebral hemispheres |
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| two large cavities in the cerebral hemispheres; can be seen by breaking the septum pellucidum and also by observing cross sections of the brain; also known as the first and second ventricles of the brain |
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| represented by short stumps; the second cranial nerve; comes from the eye |
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| part of the brain where 2 optic nerves join and partially cross each other; represents the anterior part of the hypothalamus |
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| represents the floor of the diencephalon |
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| portions of the hypothalamus leading away from the optic chiasma to enlargements of the thalamus |
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| pituitary gland (hypophysis) |
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Definition
| a major endocrine gland of the body; seen on the ventral aspect of the brain; easily detached from the rest of the hypothalamus |
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| narrow stalk which suspends the pituitary gland; frequently broken |
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| small rounded portion of the hypothalamus appearing above the pitutiary gland; possibly an integrative center for the olfactory sense in lower mammals; paired in the human brain, but singular in the sheep brain |
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| cavity of the diencephalon; lined with ependymal epithelium |
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| portion of the hypothalamus which forms the floor of the 3rd ventricle; located between the optic chiasma and mammillary body; nuclei of this play roles in drinking behavior, eating behavior, sleep patterns, sex behavior, and temperature regulation; link between psyche and soma |
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| represents side and middle of diencephalon; spreads out to merge with the lower tuber cinereum and upper epithalamus; important relay center between the cerebral hemispheres and the rest of the brain; composed of several smaller parts |
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Term
| massa intermedia (middle commissure) |
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Definition
| central portion of thalamus appearing round in sagittal view; surrounded by the third ventricle |
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| lateral geniculate bodies |
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Definition
| can be found by following the optic tracts under the pyriform lobes of the brain; lateral bulges of the thalamus and are relay centers for vision |
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| behind and adjacent to the lateral geniculate bodies; relay centers for sound transmission; portions of the thalamus |
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| roof of the diencephalon above the thalamus |
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| extremely thin part of the epithalamus just below the visible portion of the fornix as seen in the sagittal view; has a vascular fold, the choroid plexus, which hands down into the third ventricle |
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| small, single-upper projection of the epithalamus; an endocrine gland which in lower mammals has roles dealing with sexual maturity and sex cycles |
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| small canal between 3rd and 4th ventricles |
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| 2 prominent bulges behind the single pineal body; serve as visual reflex centers; part of midbrain |
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| 2 bulges behind the superior colliculi; serve as auditory reflex centers |
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| corpora quadrigemina (tectum) |
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| the superior and inferior colliculi together; part of the mesencephalon (midbrain) |
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| fiber tracts primarily, in the floor of the mesencephalon; part of the midbrain |
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| second largest part of the brain; functions in equilibrium among other things |
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| 2 lateral bulges of the cerebellum |
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| median bulge of the cerebellum |
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| outer gray matter of cerebellum, as seen in sagittal view |
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| arbor vitae (cerebellar medulla) |
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Definition
| inner white matter of cerebellum as seen in sagittal view |
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| large bulge in the floor of the metencephalon; usually the stumps of the trigeminal nerves can be seen attached to this |
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| cavity which is a continuation from the cerebral aqueduct back to the level of the spinal cord; runs through posterior part of metencephalon and entire myelencephalon |
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| large, located under cerebellum; continuous anteriorly with the pons and posteriorly with the spinal cord; very thin roof, but sides and floor are large |
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| seen on ventral aspect of the medulla and pons; occupies a slight median depression known as the basilar sulcus; forward extensions of this artery meet branches of the internal carotid arteries to form the circle of Willis beneath the brain |
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| longitudinal bands of medulla tissue on either side of the basilar sulcus |
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| continuous from the medulla oblongata |
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| central canal (spinal canal) |
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| small hole which is a continuation from the 4th ventricle into the spinal cord |
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