Term
| glycoprotein in zona pellucida that acts as sperm receptor |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Acrosomal Reaction? |
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Definition
| Release of contents of acrosome |
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Term
| What is the fast block to polyspermy? |
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Definition
| Depolarization of oocyte's plasma membrane |
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Term
| Slow block to polyspermy? |
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Definition
| Depolarization - release of Ca2+ - exocytosis of secretory vesicles that INACTIVATE ZP3 and HARDEN ZONA PELLUCIDA |
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Term
| when do monozygotic twins form? |
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Definition
| 8 days after fertilization |
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Term
| 3 characteristics of morula |
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Definition
1. hard shell (still surrounded by zona pellucida)
2. same size as zygote
3. made of blastomeres |
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Term
| at what nr cell stage morula becomes blastocyst? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. embryoblast (inner cell mass)
2. trophoblast |
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Term
| what does inner cell mass become? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does trophoblast become? |
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Definition
| chorionic sac around embryo |
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Term
| how long after fertilization does hatching from zona pellucida occur? |
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Definition
| 5 days after fertilization |
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Term
| role of syncytiotropoblast during implantation |
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Definition
| provides enzymes for digestion of endometrium & implantation of blastocyst |
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Term
| which 2 hormones keep uterus in secretory phase, preventing menstruation? |
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Definition
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Term
| when does peak secretion of hCG happens? (time frame) |
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Definition
| week 9, when placenta is formed |
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Term
| what does amnion form from? (hypoblast or epiblast) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is amniotic fluid mainly derived from? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is yolk sac derived from? (hypoblast or epiblast?) |
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Definition
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Term
| location of bilaminar embryonic disc? |
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Definition
| between amnion and yolk sac |
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Term
| during what period of development does Yolk Sac provide nutrients to embryo? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 specific roles of chorion |
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Definition
1. secrete proteins that block antibody production by mother
2. production of T lymphocytes (suppress normal immune response in uterus)
3. produces hCG |
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Term
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Definition
| develpment of bilaminar embryonic disc into trilaminar embryonic disc |
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Term
| at what day does primitive streak form? |
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Definition
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Term
| which formation marks for the first time the head and tail of embryo? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| one tissue stimulates specialization and development of adjacent cells |
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Term
| which structure in embryo determines induction? |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 primitive embryonal membranes that form the structure of gut? |
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Definition
| oropharyngeal membrane, cloacal membrane |
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Term
| where does Allantois extend in embryos? (3rd week ) |
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Definition
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Term
| what does neural tube develop into? |
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Definition
| brain and spinal cord (CNS) |
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Term
| what does neural crest develop into? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do myotomes develop into? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do dermatomes develop into? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do sclerotomes develop into? |
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Definition
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Term
| in which 3 embryonic structures does development of blood vessels start? |
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Definition
| yolk sac, connecting stalk, chorion |
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Term
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Definition
| supporting mucous tissue derived from allantois |
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Term
| purpose of Human Chorionic Somatotropin? |
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Definition
| produced by placental chorion: prepares mammary glands for lactatin; glucose for fetus |
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Term
| role of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone produced by placenta? |
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Definition
1. timing of birth
2. increases secretion of cortisol (for full development of lungs & surfactant) |
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Term
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Definition
| Fetal chorion+ maternal decidua basalis |
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Term
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Definition
1. Diffusion of O2 & nutrients from mother to fetus
2. Storage of nutrients for fetus
3. Protective barrier (against bacteria and chemicals)
4. Secretion of hormones that maintain pregnancy |
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Term
| What are the 2 structures of the bilaminar embryonic disc? |
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Definition
1. hypoblast (inner cell mass)
2. epiblast |
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Term
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Definition
| induction (of neural tube, somites, vertebral bodies, etc) |
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Term
| when does fetal period start? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is the outer layer of the umbilical cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| fingerlike projections of chorion into endometrial wall of uterus |
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Definition
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Term
| spaces formed by enclosed lacunae that bathe chorionic villi with maternal blood |
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Definition
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Term
| BV that carry deoxygenated fetal blood |
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Definition
| umbilical arteries (carry de-O2 blood away from fetal heart) |
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Term
| bv that carry oxygenated blood and nutrients from mother to fetus |
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Definition
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|
Term
| outer part of the trophoblast, closer to endometrium, undistinct cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Syncitiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast will become part of which embryonic layer? |
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Definition
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Term
| which hormone is Human Chorionic Gonadotropin similar to? |
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Definition
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Term
| when does peak hCG occur? |
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Definition
| when placenta is formed, and takes over functions of corpus luteum |
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Term
| which part of embryoblast is a primitive endoderm? |
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Definition
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Term
| part of embryoblast that is primitive ectoderm? |
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Definition
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Term
| three components of amniotic fluid |
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Definition
1. maternal blood
2. fetal urine
3. embryonic cells |
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Term
| former blastocyst cavity, formed from the development of hypoblast |
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Definition
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Term
| two cavities that surround bilaminar embryonic disc in second week of development |
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Definition
1. amniotic cavity (toward endometrium)
2. yolk sac (toward empty space in uterus) |
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Term
| supplies nutrients to embryo in 2nd and 3rd week after fertilization |
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Definition
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Term
| first source of blood for embryo |
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Definition
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Term
| spaces within syncitiotrophoblast that will erode endomatrial glands, fill with blood and bring nutrition from mother to embryo |
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Definition
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Term
| structure formed from yolk sac, that will surrounds yolk sac and amniotic cavity, and will be the beginning of chorion |
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Definition
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|
Term
| three structures that together make up the chorion |
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Definition
1. extraembryonic mesoderm
2. syncitiotrophoblast
3. cytotrophoblast |
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Term
| embryonic layer that becomes fetal part of placenta |
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Definition
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Term
| three protective functions of chorion (products) |
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Definition
1. Proteins (block mother antibody production)
2. T lymphocytes (suppress immune resp. in uterus)
3. hCG |
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Term
| connects bilaminar embryonic disc to trophoblast (derived from extraembryonic mesoderm) |
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Definition
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Term
| invagination of epiblast, that marks the first step of gastrulation and marks the head, body and tail of embryo |
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Definition
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Term
| Embryonic structure derived from mesoderm that produces INDUCTION |
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Definition
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Term
| vascularized outpouching of yolk sac that has a role in primitive blood formation |
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Definition
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Term
| cube-shaped structures that form from mesoderm in the third week of development (will become myotome, sclerotome, dermatome) |
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Definition
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Term
| cavity within mesoderm that will separate into splanchnic mesoderm and somatic mesoderm |
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Definition
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