Term
| Three functions that cranial nerves may have one or more of... |
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Definition
Sensory
Somatic Motor
Parasympathetic |
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Term
| Name of Cranial Nerve I and what it innervates |
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Definition
Olfactory
Sensory-olfaction |
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Term
| Name of Cranial Nerve II and what it innervates |
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Definition
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Term
| Name of Cranial Nerve III and what it innervates |
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Definition
Oculomotor
Somatic motor - 6 extrinsic eye muscles
Parasympathetic - iris and lens of eye |
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Term
| Name of Cranial Nerve IV and what it innervates |
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Definition
Trochlear
Somatic motor-extrinsic eye muscles |
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Term
| Name of Cranial Nerve V and what it innervates |
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Definition
Trigeminal
Somatic motor - muscles of mastication, palatine muscle, and pharyngeal muscles
Sensory - cutaneous sensation |
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Term
| Name of Cranial Nerve VI and what it innervates |
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Definition
Abducens
Somatic motor - extrinsic eye muscle |
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Term
| Name of Cranial nerve VII and what it innervates |
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Definition
Facial
Somatic motor-muscles of facial expression
Sensory - taste
Parasympathetic - salivary and lacrimal glands |
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Term
| Name of Cranial Nerve VIII and what it innervates |
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Definition
Vestibulocochlear
Sensory - hearing and balance |
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Term
| Name of Cranial Nerve IX and what it innervates |
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Definition
Glossopharyngeal
Sensory - taste and tactile
Parasympathetic - parotid salivary glands |
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Term
| Name of Cranial Nerve X and what it innervates |
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Definition
Vagus
somatic motor - pharynx, palate, larynx
Sensory - chemoreceptors, thoracic and abdominal organs
parasympathetic - thoracic and abdominal organs
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Term
| Name of Cranial Nerve XI and what it innervates |
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Definition
Accessory
Somatic motor-spinal component
sensory - proprioception |
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Term
| Name of Cranial Nerve XII and what it innervates |
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Definition
Hypoglossal
Somatic motor - tongue and pharynx
Sensory - proprioception
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Term
| Posterior gray matter section of spinal cord. |
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Definition
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Term
| Anterior gray matter section of spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| Posterior white matter of the spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| Anterior white matter of spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| Indentation on the middle of the posterior spinal cord. |
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Definition
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Term
| Indentation on the middle anterior portion of the spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| section of spinal nerve that is attached to the posterior section of the spinal cord |
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Term
| white matter on the sides of the spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| gray matter between the posterior and anterior horn |
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Definition
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Term
| connects two halves of gray matter in the spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| connects two halves of white matter in the spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| spinal nerve root attached to anterior portion of the spinal cord |
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Term
| collections of cell bodies of unipolar sensory neurons forming dorsal roots |
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Definition
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Term
| Portion of the spinal cord and nerve tracts that are ascending tracts. |
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Definition
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Term
| Portion of the spinal cord and nerve tracts that are descending tracts. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Muscles contract because of stretching force applied to them. |
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Term
| Steps in Stretching Reflex |
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Definition
1. Muscle spindle detects stretch of the muscle.
2. Sensory neurons conduct A.P. to spinal cord.
3. Sensory neurons synapse directly with alpha motor neurons.
4. Stimulation of alpha motor neurons causes the muscle to contract/resist being stretched. |
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Term
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Definition
| Relaxes muscle when excessive stretching occurs, protecting tendons. |
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Term
| Steps in Golgi Tendon Reflex |
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Definition
1. Golgi tendon organs detect tension applied to tendon.
2. Sensory neurons conduct A.P. to spinal cord.
3. Sensory neurons synapse with inhibitory interneurons that synapse with alpha motor neurons.
4. Inhibition of the alpha motor neurons causes muscle relaxation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Moves a limb in response to pain. |
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Term
| Steps in Withdrawal Reflex |
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Definition
1. Pain receptors detect stimulus.
2. Sensory neurons conduct A.P. to spinal cord.
3. Sensory neurons synapse with excitatory interneurons that synapse with alpha motor neurons.
4. Excitation of alpha motor neurons results in contraction of the flexor muscles and withdrawal of the limb. |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes relaxation of extensor muscle when flexor muscle contracts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes extensor muscle of opposite limb to contract in response to withdrawal reflex in lower limb. |
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Term
| Carry conscious and unconscious sensations |
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Definition
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Term
| Carry light, touch, pressure, tickle and itch sensations. |
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Definition
| Ascending pathways of the spinothalamic system |
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Term
| Carry sensations of two-point discrimination, proprioception, pressure and vibration. |
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Definition
| Ascending pathways of the dorsal-column/medial-lemniscal system |
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Term
| Carry unconscious proprioception to the cerebellum from the same side of the body. |
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Definition
| Ascending pathways of the spinocerebellar system and other tracts. |
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Term
| Maintain muscle tone and control fine, skilled movement in the face and distal limbs. |
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Definition
| Direct descending pathways |
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Term
| Control conscious and unconscious muscle movements in the trunk and proximal limbs. |
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Definition
| Indirect descending pathways |
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Term
| Direct descending pathways that control muscle movements below the head. |
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Definition
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Term
| Direct descending pathways that innervate the head muscles. |
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Definition
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Term
| Motor neurons found in the cranial nuclei or the ventral horn of the spinal cord. |
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Definition
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Term
| Motor neurons located in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and brain stem. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Informs the brain about the position of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Control of skeletal muscles through motor neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| Special senses and general senses. |
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Term
| Four plexuses of the spinal nerves |
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Definition
Cervical plexus
Brachial plexus
Lumbosacral plexus
Coccygeal plexus |
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Term
| Location of Cervical plexus and what these spinal nerves innervate |
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Definition
C1-C4
Superficial neck structure
Skin of neck
Posterior portion of head |
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Term
| Location of Brachial plexus and its nerve branches |
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Definition
C4 plus C5-T1
Axillary
Radial
Musculocutaneous
Ulnar
Median
Pectoral
Long thoracic
Thoracodorsal
subscapular
suprascapular |
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Term
| Location of Lumbosacral plexus |
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Definition
Ventral rami of L1-L4
Vengral rami of L4-S4 |
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Term
| Location of coccygeal plexus and what they innervate |
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Definition
S4-S5 "coccygeal nerve"
Muscles of pelvic floor
Sensory information from skin over coccyx |
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