Term
| What are three functions of blood? |
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Definition
| Transportation, Regulation, Protection |
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Term
| What does the blood regulate? |
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Definition
| Temperature, Ph, electrolyte balance, Maintain fluid balance |
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Term
| What connective tissue helps from loosing blood AND helps prevent infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood comprises what percentage of body weight? |
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Definition
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Term
| The average person has how much blood? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Blood is slightly acidic or basic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do males have slightly higher blood production? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the physical qualities of blood? |
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Definition
| Opaque, salty, metalic taste, Viscus |
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Term
| What are the percentages of plasma vs formed elements in blood? |
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Definition
| 55% plasma, 45% formed elements |
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Term
| What is the difference between plasma and serum? |
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Definition
| Serum has no clotting protiens or platelets |
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Term
| A test for formed elements is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the percentage of plasma proteins in blood? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What blood protein transports lipids, steroids and hormones? |
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Definition
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Term
| Gamma Globulins are made by? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are small ions kept in the bloodstream? |
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Definition
| They are bound to Gamma Globulins |
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Term
| Fibrinogens are _____________ proteins. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fibrinogen has to do with what process? |
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Definition
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Term
| All formed elements in blood come from? |
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Definition
| Hemocytoblasts (stem cells) |
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Term
| Most hemocytoblasts become? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of cell does NOT come from myeloid stem cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Platelet formation is called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What type of cell comprises 33% of all cells in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| About how many RBCs are in 1 cubic mm? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long does a RBC live? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the benefits of the RBC's shape? |
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Definition
| provides more surface area, allows it to travel in very small vessels, They can stack like dimes (roulaeu) |
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Term
| What does a RBC NOT have that other cells have? |
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Definition
| Nucleus, Ribosomes, Mitachondria |
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Term
| What comprises 95% of a RBC? |
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Definition
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Term
| A hemoglobin is a ___________________ structure and comprised of 4 __________________ structures. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the middle of each tertiary group in a hemoglogin is a ? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many iron ions can 1 hemoglobin hold? |
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Definition
| 4 (one in each heme group) |
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Term
| About how many hemoglobins are in each RBC? |
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Definition
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Term
| About how many oxygen molecules (each molecule is O2) can an RBC hold? |
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Definition
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Term
| When Hgb (hemoglobin) carries oxygen it is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| When Hgb (hemoglobin) has no oxygen it is called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| At the end of a RBCs life what percentage are filtered out through the kidney? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes the yellow color of urine? |
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Definition
| The broken down hemoglobin |
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Term
| What is the meaning of life? |
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Definition
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Term
| At the end of the RBCs life what happens to 90% of them? |
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Definition
| They get phagosotized by the macrophage cells |
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Term
| The Globin part of the RBC is broken down into ______________ at the end of the RBCs life? |
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Definition
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Term
| When the iron ion is pulled out of the heme group, it is bound to this protein. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is iron stored as in the bone marrow and liver? |
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Definition
| Ferritin and hemosiderin. |
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Term
| A macrophage turnes the nitrogen from a broken down RBC first into______, then into_____? |
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Definition
| Biliverdin, unconjugated bilirubin |
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Term
| Where is the unconjugated bilirubin turned into conjugated bilirubin? |
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Definition
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Term
| To make RBCs, what basic ingredients are needed? |
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Definition
| Amino acids, B12, B6, Iron |
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Term
| What are the five phases of hemostatis? |
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Definition
| Vascular, Platelet phase, Coagulation, clot retraction, Fibrinolysis. |
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Term
| What function is common to all WBCs? |
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Definition
| Diapedesis, Positive chemotaxis |
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Term
| What three types of WBCs can do phagocytosis? |
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Definition
| Neutrophils, Monocytes, Eosinophils |
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Term
| What regulates RBC production? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are three causes of Anemia? |
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Definition
| Decreased RBC Production, Hemoglobin caused, Genetic |
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Term
| Decreased RBC production by destruction of bone marrow is what disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you don't have enough vitiman B12, what type of anemia can you get? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many WBCs can be in 1 cubic mm? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long does it take for RBCs to get into the bloodstream and mature? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an immature RBC called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Basophils comprise what percentage of WBCs? |
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Definition
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Term
| AB type blood has no ________________ but has both A and B __________________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Name three functions of platelets? |
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Definition
| Transport chemicals important to clotting, Can become sticky and form platelet plug, slightly contractile. |
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Term
| What is a normal platelet count? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lack of clotting factor ____ leads to Hemophelia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are many clotting factors made? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the end product of the extrinsic pathway (hemostasis)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the end product of the intrinsic pathway (hemostasis)? |
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Definition
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Term
| A vitamin K deficiency leads to a decrease in this notable clotting factor? |
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Definition
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Term
| What prevents the AV valves from swinging into the atria? |
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Definition
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Term
| A place in the heart that spontaneously depolarizes but is not a node is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Durring ventricular systole, at one point all four valves are closed, this is called? |
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Definition
| Isovolumetric Contraction |
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Term
| Why is the absolute refractory period of heart muscle so long? |
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Definition
| Due to the Calcium in the cell |
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Term
| Cardiac output is (define) |
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Definition
| Heart Rate X Stroke Volume |
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Term
|
Definition
| Filling time and Venous Return |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four layers of the Tunica Intima? |
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Definition
| Endothelium, Basement Membrane, Lamina Propria (muscle), Internal elastic membrane |
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Term
| What are the Three general structures of a blood vessel wall? |
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Definition
| Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, Tunica Externa |
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Term
| The right atrium develops how much pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| The right ventricle generates _________ mm Hg. |
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Definition
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Term
| The left ventricle develops how much pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| The arterial side begins at the ____________ and ends at the ______________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three factors that contribute to total peripheral resistance? |
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Definition
| Vascular resistance, Viscosity, Turbulance. |
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Term
| What are the five general classes of blood vessels. |
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Definition
| Arteries, areterioles, Capillaries, Venules, veins |
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Term
| Where would you find fenestrted capillareis? |
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Definition
| Endocrine Glands, Choroid Plexus of brain, kidneys |
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Term
| What layer of tissue do veins lack? |
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Definition
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Term
| The arteriole lacks what parts of the tunica interna? |
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Definition
| Smooth muscle layer and internal elastic membrane |
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Term
| Capillaries exist as capillary __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What holds a capillary together? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Do veins or arteries have more stretch in the Tunica Media? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the blood pressure loss in the capillary beds? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which vessels have the most effect on blood flow and pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can cause turbulence in blood flow? |
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Definition
| Cholesterol buildup, thrombus |
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Term
| Perfusion is effected by? |
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Definition
| Cardiac output, peripheral resistance and Blood pressure |
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Term
| Short term regulation of blood pressure is by the? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemoreceptors are located? |
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Definition
| Aortic Arch, Carotid Sinus |
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Term
| Chemoreceptors monitor ________ concentration in the plasma (pH) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| An increase in CO2 lead to more or less hydrogen ion concentration? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Complete this formula: Carbon dioxide + water to carbonic acid to _____________ + bicarbonate. |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemoreceptors are hooked up to the ? |
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Definition
| Medulla Oblongata cardio regulatory and vasomotor centers. |
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Term
| Long term blood pressure regulation is done by? |
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Definition
| Endocrine system (hormones) |
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Term
| When BP is low ADH is released to increase BP, this is made by the? |
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Definition
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Term
| Angiotension II is made by a plasma protein called? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| EPO increases ______ production? |
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Definition
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Term
| ____________ is made by the adrenal gland in response to angiotension II to increase BP. |
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Definition
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Term
| When BP is high, _______ is produced by cardiac muscle cells of the _____________ atrium. |
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Definition
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Term
| What triggers the production of ANP (Atrial natriuretic peptide)? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The three states of circulatory shock are? |
|
Definition
| Compensated, Progressive, Irreversible |
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|
Term
| The second stage of shock occurs at ___% of blood loss? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Central Ischemic Response occurs at _____ Systolic BP? |
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Definition
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