Term
| Treatment for tuberculosis |
|
Definition
* Isoniazid
* Rifampin
* Ethambutol
Mnemonic: Get irate about tuberculosis; treat it with IRE. |
|
|
Term
| Rifampin mechanism of action and side effects |
|
Definition
* Inhibit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNA pol II)
* Induce CYP |
|
|
Term
| Isoniazid mechanism of action and side effects |
|
Definition
* Inhibit mycolic acid synthesis
* Hepatic and peripheral nerve toxicity |
|
|
Term
| Ethambutol mechanism of action and side effects |
|
Definition
* Inhibit mycolic acid synthesis
* Ocular toxicity (red-green issues) |
|
|
Term
| Common etiological agent of chronic unilateral adenitis in children |
|
Definition
| Mycobacterium avium complex |
|
|
Term
| Effect of Mycobacterium avium complex on patients with AIDS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex |
|
Definition
* Azithromycin
* Rifampin-like drugs |
|
|
Term
| Organs affected by M. leprae |
|
Definition
Cold surfaces:
* Peripheral nerves
* Skin
* Mucous membranes |
|
|
Term
| Which mycobacterial disease is known to affect armadillos? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of immune response to lepromatous leprosy |
|
Definition
| Humoral (little cell-mediated response) |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of lepromatous leprosy |
|
Definition
* Diffuse or nodular lesions
* Sensory loss (due to nerve damage)
* Mostly humoral immune response
* Many acid-fast bacilli (AFBs) |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of tuberculoid leprosy |
|
Definition
* Few, well defined lesions
* Few acid-fast bacilli (AFBs)
* Mostly cell-mediated immune response
* Spontaneous regression common in children (90%) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
* Rifampin-like drugs (RNA pol II inhibitors)
* Dapsone (folate synthesis inhibitor) |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of mycobacteria |
|
Definition
* Acid-fast
* Strict aerobe
* No capsule
* Intracellular survival
* Slow growth |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Actinomycetes |
|
Definition
* Gram-positive, weakly acid-fast
* Anaerobic
* Long, branching filaments
* A. israelii is normal mouth flora |
|
|
Term
| Disease characterized by cervicofacial disease, firm nodules, and pus containing sulfur granules. What's it called and how is it treated? |
|
Definition
| Actinomycosis; treated with long course of penicillin |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Nocardia |
|
Definition
* Gram-positive; weakly acid-fast
* Aerobic |
|
|
Term
| Opportunistic bacterial infection that presents with skin nodules, pneumonia, and brain abscesses. What's it called and how is it treated? |
|
Definition
| Nocardia; treat with long course of sulfonamides |
|
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