Term
| What started in the 9th century? |
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Definition
| - large Twelver Shi'a population |
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Term
| What did the ulema claim to represent? |
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Definition
| - Hidden Imam (disappeared 874) |
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Term
| When did the Abbasids rule? |
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Definition
| - Mid 8th century to mid 13th century |
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Term
| When did the Mongols invade (the Abbasids) and take over? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did the Safavids rule and from where did they rule? |
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Definition
- 1501-1736
- ruled from Tabriz |
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Term
| Sunni Sufi had brotherhood where? |
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Definition
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Term
| What year does 7 year old Isma'il succeed brother as head of order? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does Isma'il claim himself shah? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Isma'il forcibly convert Safavids to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Isma'il do to forcibly convert the Safavids? |
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Definition
- dissolves Sunni brotherhoods
- Executes resisters |
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Term
| Who was Isma'il supported by? |
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Definition
| - Tenuously by Turkish Qizilbash ("Red-headed ones") |
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Term
| Safavids would periodically fight with who? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When did Shah Abbas I rule the Safavids? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Military exapnded where under the Shah Abbas I? |
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Definition
| - To the east and west including Baghdad |
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Term
| What city does Shah Abbas I make the capital? |
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Definition
| - Isfahan which was a huge investment in infrastructure |
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Term
| What did Shah Abbas I put in Isfahan that was such a huge investment? |
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Definition
- broad avenues
- lush gardens
- lavish mosques
- royal palaces
- luxurious private residences
- huge bazaar
- center of arts, scholarship (poetry, carpet weaving, etc.)
- Population boom: 400K |
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Term
| What did the new standing royal army of the ghulam help do? |
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Definition
- convert Christian slaves captured in Caucasus
- fight with gunpowder, artillery and muskets
- seized land from tribal leaders |
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Term
| What happened in the 1700's? |
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Definition
| - Afghani cheiftain seized Isfahan and topples Safavids |
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Term
| Who established the Qajar dynasty and when was it established? |
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Definition
- Fath Ali Shah (Turkish tribal leader)
- 1794 |
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Term
| Who did the Qajars nominally rule? |
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Definition
- Central Iran until 1920s
- not much power |
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Term
| When was oil disovered and who occupied what parts of Iran? |
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Definition
- 1907-1914
- Russia occupied the North
- UK occupied the South
- Qajar still retained control of area around Tehran |
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Term
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Definition
- USSR pulls out of Iran
- UK invades north for oil |
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Term
| What kind of chaos occurred post WWI? |
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Definition
| - Provinvial nomads rebel vs. Qajars |
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Term
| Who takes power in 1923 and causes UK to leave Iran? |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1925, Reza Khan establishes his own dynasty and calls himself what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Reza Khan do while in power? |
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Definition
- Invokes Sasanid language/culture
- De-emphasizes Islam
- Persia becomes Iran
- Stronger cetral government/army
- seeks more proft from Anglo-Persian Oil Co. (10% to 14%)
- direct tax collection
- legal reforms (veil banned, est. secular courts)
- ignores shariyah and adopts roman/french law |
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Term
| What happens with the USSR in 1941? |
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Definition
- USSR invades N Iran to keep oil from advancing to Germans
- US and UK use Iran as supply route to USSR |
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Term
| Who was Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlavi (1918-1980) |
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Definition
- ruled from 1941-79
- takes thron when dad gives up throne
- not trained to be Shah
- Swiss educated, Western tastes (not good)
- out of touch with Iranian life
- Anti-Islam, anti-ulema |
|
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Term
|
Definition
– trained, aided by CIA, Mossad (Israeli secret service)
– manipulates elections
– intimidates, suppresses, arrests liberals, intellectuals, supporters
of democracy or genuine Constitutional monarchy
– disappearances, censorship, arrests, exiles, torture, murder |
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Term
| What does the Shah Pahlavi do when in absolute power? |
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Definition
Dissolves Parliament periodically
• Phony liberalization
– Façade of Constitutional monarchy
– Elections are controlled by Shah
– Two-party system, but they’re all the Shah’s men
• All other parties banned
- Est. Savak |
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Term
| Shah Pahlavi is known as what? |
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Definition
- Lapdog of the West
- US Puppet |
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Term
| What does the US give Iran? |
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Definition
- Military training
- equipment
- intelligence support |
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