Term
| this flashcard set does not include anything covered in the vitamin summary page |
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Definition
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Term
| water soluble vitamins / fat |
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Definition
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Term
| of the fat soluble vitamins, only _ is a coenzyme precursor. many of water soluble vitamins are coenzyme precursors. |
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Definition
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Term
| mineral absorption and/or retention generally ___ under conditions of deficiency |
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Definition
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Term
| minerals of similar molecular weight and charge... |
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Definition
| will compete for absorption |
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Term
| vitamin C _________ the absorption of ______ |
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Definition
| increases / non-heme iron (from plant foods) |
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Term
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Definition
| required for calcium absorption |
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Term
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Definition
| a component of fiber that binds minerals and limits absorption. |
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Term
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Definition
| found in green leafy vegetables, binds calcium and decreases absorption. |
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Term
| high fiber diets _____ the absorption of: |
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Definition
| decrease, iron calcium magnesium |
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Term
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Definition
| the only mineral that is only found in plants. is found in chlorophyll. |
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Term
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Definition
| more likely with persistent vomiting/diarrhea or excessive perspiration (prolonged physical activity in intense heat > 2-3% of body weight loss). muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting and dizziness > coma. |
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Term
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Definition
| thirst > about 10-15% adults are sodium sensitive, or hypertensive. increase calcium loss through urine > bone mass loss. |
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Term
| minimum, recommended, and usual American sodium intake |
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Definition
| 500 mg/day, 1500, 3000-6000. |
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Term
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Definition
| cardiac arrythmias, muscle cramps, loss of appetite, confusion. occurs in poorly nourished elderly individuals, persons with eating disorders, people with poorly controlled diabetes, people on diuretics and in athletes who exercise heavily without replacing electrolyte loss. |
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Term
| participants who ate 9 servings of fruit a day... |
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Definition
| had lower BP due to potassium. |
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Term
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Definition
| is minimal except in renal failure |
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Term
| dietary sources of potassium |
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Definition
| fruits, veggies, milk, whole grains, dried beans and meat and coffee |
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Term
| requirement for potassium |
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Definition
| 2000mg/day. some diuretics (used to treat hypertension) may deplete serum potassium > potassium supplements. |
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Term
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Definition
| 99% in bone and teeth, 1% necessary in all cells. absorption 20-40% increases with need (growth, pregnancy 50-75%) |
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Term
| absorption of calcium is increased by / inhibited by |
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Definition
| vitamin D / phytic acid, polyphenols (tannins in tea and red wine), age |
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Term
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Definition
| >2000mg/day = headaches, kidney stones, soft tissue calcification. hypercalcemia is from vitamin D intoxication or hyperthyroidism. |
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Term
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Definition
| hypocalcemia from hypothyroidism. insufficient calcium = bone health implications |
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Term
| dietary sources of calcium |
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Definition
| dairy, leafy greens (but oxalic acid decreases its aborption) |
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Term
| it is best to take calcium supplements... |
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Definition
| between meals so it doesn't inhibit iron absorption |
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Term
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Definition
| efficiently absorbed. respiratory failure and death can result from severe phosphorus deficiency. toxicity - osteomalacia and osteoporosis (aggravated by low calcium). sources: cola drinks, meat, dairy. |
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Term
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Definition
| only deficient in intestinal disease or calcium metabolism disorders. toxicity can be seen with kidney failure. found in chlorophyll. |
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Term
| absorption of trace minerals in plant sources is ___ than in meat. refining and processing ____ absorption |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| children and menstruating women |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder of copper metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| causes hypothyroidism and goiter |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| which type of vitamin A preferred? |
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Definition
| provitamin A from plant sources. carotenoids |
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