Term
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Definition
| is a function of the digestive tract. enteroendocrine hormones regulate gut motility and its secretions. |
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Term
| all CT and smooth muscle of GI wall is derived from |
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Definition
| splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm |
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Term
| protective mechanisms of the digestive tract |
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Definition
| PATILD = Protective coating containing Antibacterial agents, Tight junctions, Immunological protection via Lymphoid tissue, Detoxification capabilities. |
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Term
| innervation of the digestive tract |
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Definition
| autonomic nervous system, which regulates peristalsis and secretions |
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Term
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Definition
| epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa |
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Term
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Definition
| = visceral peritoneum. covers the parts of the digestive tract within the abdominal cavity and contains a layer of simple squamous cells. it's adventitia without the squamous cells (just CT) - parts that are "fixed" to adjacent tissues, like esophagus and anal canal and retroperitoneal regions. |
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Term
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Definition
| mucous glands, smooth muscle (striated further up) |
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Term
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Definition
| contains vascular CT w/ occasional glands near the gastroesophageal junction. innervation is via sympathetic (inhibits motility) and parasympathetic input (stimulates motility). |
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Term
| cardiac notch, angular notch, greater and lesser curvature |
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Definition
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Term
| cardiac, fundic/body and pyloric glands |
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Definition
| short pit long gland, half and half, long pit short gland. all covered by simple columnar epithelium |
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Term
| 5 types of cells in stomach glands |
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Definition
| surface mucous cells, neck mucous cells, parietal cells, enteroendocrine cells, chief cells |
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Term
| mucus neck cells (stomach) |
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Definition
| may serve as stem cells for gastric epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
| = parietal cells, in stomach. transport HCl, GIF, HCO3. 40% mitochondria. have microvilli and intracellular canaliculi = tubulovesicle system. eosinophilic BECAUSE have almost no protein, all ion pumping instead. |
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Term
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Definition
| gastric intrinsic factor helps in absorption of vitamin B12, which is required to produce rbcs |
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Term
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Definition
| simple squamous cells in serosa |
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Term
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Definition
| secrete pepsinogen, which is cleaved to pepsin in the acidic lumen; secretion stimulated by secretin. (basophilic = protein) |
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Term
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Definition
| release gastrin paracellularly, which promotes nearby parietal cell activity |
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Term
| functions of small intestine (4) |
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Definition
| neutralize chyme from stomach, immune "surveillance", chemical digestion, (mixing), absorption of nutrients, water, and salts |
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Term
| structure of small intestine |
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Definition
| microvilli brush border! villi, plicae, crypts, elongation. simple columnar epithelium. |
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Term
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Definition
| = absorptive cells. make up most of small intestine epithelium. |
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Term
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Definition
| in the enter of every villus lamina propria in the small intestine |
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Term
| small intestine epithelium |
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Definition
| simple columnar, mostly absorptive cells w/ interspersed goblet cells |
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Term
| what goes in and out of absorptive cells of the small intestine? where does everything end up? |
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Definition
| sodium, water, micelles (sodium only really eliminated through cholera, diarrhea). AA and glucose transporters present. everything eventually goes to capillaries or lacteals. |
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Term
| micelle path through absorptive cell of small intestine |
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Definition
| smooth ER reforms triglycerides, >golgi where glycosylated to form chylomicrons and absorbed via lacteals |
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Term
| what comprises the terminal webs of microvilli |
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Definition
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Term
| brush border membrane enzymes contribute to digestive breakdown w/ (2) |
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Definition
| proteolytic and disaccharidase activities |
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Term
| secretory product of goblet cells is 80% what |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| secrete lysozyme and other antimicrobials |
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Term
| villi of small intestine have extensive ______ supply |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| distinctive to duodenum, present in submucosa. provide thick alkaline mucous |
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Definition
| secreted by plasma cells, signaled by T cells in GALT which were signaled by macrophage pseudopodia or lymphocytes in M cells. antigen was collected by clathrin coated vesicles at apices of M cells. |
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Term
| submucosa and mucosa undergo folding in the |
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Definition
| jejunum (=plicae or circular folds). (also some in distal duodenum) also shorter crypts than duo |
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Term
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Definition
| only in ileum lamina propria. "leaf-like" villi with most goblet cells in small intestine |
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Term
| no _____ cells in large intestine |
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Definition
| chief or paneth or parietal |
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Term
| difference between esophagus and anus |
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Definition
| anus has large veins in lamina propria for hemorrhoids |
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Term
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Definition
| = enteroendocrine cells, means "silver-loving" |
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Definition
| bands of smooth muscle on large intestine |
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