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Definition
| The process of sending and recieving messages that serve to transmit messages between persons or groups. |
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| In regards to Communication what does an encoder do? |
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Definition
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In regards to Communication what does an decoder do?
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Involves the use of words as symbols to excahnge ideas.
Therefore it is referred to as Linguistic. (by the author, teacher disagrees) |
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| Does not rely on the use of words; rather it conveys ideas, thoughts, or feelings through other behaviors. |
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| Put simply, the manner in which most of us verbally communicate. |
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The physical production of sounds to communicate meaning through the neuromuscular control of the structures of the vocal tract.
(McLauglin Pg 12) |
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| What is Language? (as defined through your text) |
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Definition
Defined by author:
The system of arbitrary verbal symbols that speakers put in order according to a conventional code to communicate ideas and feelings or to influence the behaviors of others. |
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| What is Language? (Bloom 1988) |
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Definition
Language is a code where by ideas about the world are represented through a conventional system of arbitrary signals for communication.
Good definition because it states simply that language is a code. |
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| Characteristics of Language |
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Definition
Composed of arbitrary symbols
Conventional
Rule-driven
Creative
A Learned Behavior |
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Definition
| This means that the symbols used in a language are conventionally agreed by a language-using community to have certain meaning. |
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Definition
The manner in which the symbols used in this code called language is highly systematic; it is rule-driven.
As we shall soon discover, every aspect of language is governed by a system of rules. |
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Definition
| Not too many people would disagree with the idea that we learn to produce a language. The disagreement, and there are huge disagreements over this, is over how we learn language. We will be discussing these disagreements over how we learn language in the next learning module |
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Definition
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Definition
Expressive Language
-Encoder
-Language production |
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Definition
Receptive Language
-Decoder
-Language Comprehension |
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The components of language include: |
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Definition
(1) the phonologic component
(2) the semantic component
(3) the morphologic component
(4) the syntactic component
(5) the pragmatic component.
Remember that language is systematic, and there are rules that govern each of these areas of language. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any sound the vocal tract is capable of making |
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| The smallest unit of sound that conveys meaning within a language |
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Definition
| a phoneme that exhibits subtle differences but is still heard as belonging to the same sound category. |
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| Semantic component of language |
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Definition
refers to the element of meaning in a language
"Linguists study 2 dimensions of meaning in semantics,
Word meaning
and
Word relations |
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Term
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Definition
Referential meaning
Connotative meaning
Inferential meaning
Figurative meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| the concrete definition of a word (what you find in the dictionary) |
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Definition
| the emotional content of a word |
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Definition
| meaning that is not explicitly stated, but deduced |
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Definition
meaning that a word, phrase, or sentence conveys that is other than the meaning that is explicitly stated.
ex: Idioms, metaphors, similes, irony, proverbs |
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Definition
Another aspect of meaning has to do with the relationship words have with each other
Ex: Antonyms, Synonyms, Homonyms, Hyponyms (cat is a hyponym to animal) and semantic relations
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Definition
| Contrasting units of meaning expressed in words, phrases, or sentences |
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| Govern which words can be combined meaningfully and which cannot. |
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| Morphologic and syntactic components of language have to do with... |
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Definition
| language form or structure. |
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Term
Morphologic Component of Language
Morphology: |
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Definition
| The study of the form or structure of individual words. |
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Term
Morphologic Component of Language
Morpheme:
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Definition
The smallets meaningful units of language
-free morphemes
-bound morphemes |
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Definition
are simply words - root words that have no affixes
They stand alone without prefixes or suffixes |
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Definition
cannot stand alone
they must be linked to a free morpheme (or root word) in order to have meaning |
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| Mean Length of Utterance -- MLU |
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Definition
| The average number of morphemes a child produces per utterance |
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| Syntactic Component of Language |
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Definition
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Definition
| the part of grammer that specifies rules for sequencing or ordering words to form phrases and sentences (McLauglin, p. 28) |
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Definition
- Declarative
- Interrogative
- Negative
- Passive
- Imperative
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| Declarative sentence type |
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Definition
| a simple, affirmative statement |
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| Interrogative sentence type |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| contradicts an affirmative statement |
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Term
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Definition
| the subject of the sentence is acted upon, rather than acting directly |
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Definition
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| Constituent Language Structure |
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Definition
| the various elements - words, phrases, and clauses that make up a sentence |
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Hierarchical Language Structure
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Definition
| The arrangment of these various elements within a sentence |
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Pragmatic component of Language
Pragmatics: |
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Definition
| the study of language use |
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Definition
| the production of language in the context of social interactions |
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Term
5 components of LANGUAGE
(Linguistic viewpoint) |
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Definition
1. Phonologic
2. Semantic
3. Morphologic
4. Syntactic
5. Pragmatic
These are elements of a Linguistic theory of what it is that constitutes a language |
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other view point:
Behavioral analysis of language |
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Definition
Does not involve the 5 components of language described by linguists
viewpoint from B.F. skinner
He instead analyzed language in terms of Verbal Operants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Requesting, demanding, or commanding |
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| is the basic unit for analysis of language production in the behavioral viewpoint |
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Definition
A simple comment or description
a way of making contact with the envirnonment. |
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| is a verbal operant for which the stimulus is prior verbal behavior |
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