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| process of clearing land by cutting down and burning trees. |
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| time of increased interest in art and learning in Europe. (Printing Press) |
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| Native American civilization that is spread through what is now Mexico. Defeated by Cortes. Fought a lot/ Used human sacrifices. |
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| follower of the religion of Islam |
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| device that mechanically printed pages by pressing inked forms onto paper. invented around 1440. |
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| groups of people who settled in permanent villages or towns. |
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| movement that divided the church between Catholics and Protestants. Protestants broke away from the Catholics. |
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| flat grassland with abundant wildlife, thorny bushes, and scattered trees. |
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| West African Kingdom that ruled from about 1200 to 1400. |
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| Ancient Native American civilization of Mesoamerica |
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| Sailed for England. Explored Newfoundland, Canada. |
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| Sailed for France. Sailed up the St. Lawrence River to present day Montreal. |
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| Sailed for France. Explored Quebec. |
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| Sailed for Dutch. Landed on the coast of present day New York. (Canada) |
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| Sailed for France. Explored the Atlantic Coastline of North America. |
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| Sailed for Spain. (Tabasco) Explored an Aztec province in Southeastern Mexico. Defeated the Aztecs. |
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| Advanced Civilization. Native American civilization that developed in what is now Peru. Made a calendar, clock, and roads/west coast/Indies Mountains |
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| Sailed for Italy. 1st one to believe that America was a continent. Explored America. |
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| Spanish soldier that explored the Americas and claimed land for Spain. |
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| 1494 Treaty in which Spain and Portugal agreed to divide lands of the Western hemisphere between them and moved the line of demarcation to the west. |
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| transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. |
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| each province was called this. Spain made this (Spain and Peru) |
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| people of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestory |
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| grant of Native American Slave labor |
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| economic system that increased money in a country's treasury by creating a favorable balance of trade. |
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| country in South America/ Portugese gets it because of the line of demarcation |
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| Aztec emperor/ defeated by Cortes |
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| Spaniard who fought for Native American rights/ Catholic Priest/ Asked for Encomienda to end |
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| colonies helped support mother country and had a favorable amount of trade |
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| How did having colonies benefit European countries? |
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| Spanish-Creoles-Mestizos-Native Americans-enslaved Africans |
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| How was the Spanish social class system set up? |
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| Portugal kept the trade route of the southern tip of Africa. Going east Spain. Got land west except Brazil. |
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| What were the benefits of the Treaty of Tordesillas for each country? |
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| It transferred plants, and animals. New products were brought to Europe and America. The bad thing was diseases. |
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| What were the benefits and problems created by the Columbian Exchange? |
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| ran through all the far western edges of the colonies. |
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| laws passed by English government to ensure that England made money from its colonies trade. |
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| complex system of transatlantic exchange of slaves, rum, sugar, and molasses |
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| 1675-1676 Native American uprising against the Puritan colonies. |
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| producing just enough food for one's needs. |
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| importing and exporting goods illegally/officials began to tax any colonial goods not shipped to England. |
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| economic system that European nations used to enrich their treasures. |
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| 1676 rebellion in Virginia |
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| 1739 slave rebellion in South Carolina |
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| plant that produces a deep blue dye |
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| the flat land along the coast |
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