Term
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Definition
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Term
| adenohypophysis (3 parts) |
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Definition
| anterior pituitary: pars distalis, pars tuberalis, pars intermedia |
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Term
| neurohypophysis (3 parts) |
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Definition
| posterior pituitary: median eminence, pituitary stalk, pars nervosa |
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Term
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Definition
| a depression in the roof of the mouth from which the anterior pituitary forms |
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Term
| what does posterior pituitary develop from |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 things that develop from floor of diencephalon |
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Definition
| posterior pituitary, hypothalamus, infundibulum |
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Term
| 2 types of cells in anterior pituitary |
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Definition
| chromophobes (pale) and chromophils |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| stimulates follicle development in the ovary and spermatogenesis in the testes |
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Term
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Definition
| = ICSH. in females: aids in the maturation of Graafian follicle, stimulates ovulation, development of corpus luteum, stimulates increase in progesterone secretion. in males: stimulates testosterone secretion by Leydig cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulates adrenal gland to increase corticosteroid (cortisol) production |
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Term
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Definition
| expansions of axonal endings which store hormones in the posterior pituitary |
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Term
| the posterior pituitary is derived from / and contains |
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Definition
| the neural tube / unmyelinated axons of secretory nerve cells. (the cell bodies are in the hypo and extend their axons into the post pit) |
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Term
| posterior pituitary produces |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| promotes contraction of vascular smooth muscle, leading to increased blood pressure. also increases water permeability of the distal convoluted tubule in the kidney, thus promoting the reabsorption of water. |
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Term
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Definition
| positive feedback! promotes labor contractions and lactiferous gland and duct secretion (contractile effect). |
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Term
| thyroid gland is derived from... |
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Definition
| endoderm: from epithelial bud from floor of oral cavity (foramen cecum) |
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Term
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Definition
| simple cuboidal epithelium-lined follicles |
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Term
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Definition
| follicles (w/ epithelium), CT, interstitium, and vascularized region surrounding the follicles. |
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Term
| secretion of thyroid hormones is controlled by (2) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| = thyroglobulin. secreted by follicular cells in thyroid. when stimulated, the colloid is iodinated and prepared for basal secretion as T3 or T4. these hormones regulate metabolic rate (cellular respiration) |
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Term
| how is the thyroid atypical (3) |
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Definition
| stores its product, secretes both basally (T3 and T4) and apically (colloid), and an exogenous product (iodine) is needed to complete its product and must therefore be supplied via diet |
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Term
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Definition
| parafollicular cells (in thyroid). produce calcitonin, which inhibits bone resorption, thus reducing blood calcium concentration. |
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Term
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Definition
| untreated congenital TH deficiency = stunted physical/mental growth |
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Term
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Definition
| thickened, non-pitting edema in hypothyroid patients |
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Term
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Definition
| autoimmune hyperthyroidism (only hyperthyroid thing we know about). auto-antibodies bind to TSH receptors and chronically stimulate them |
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Term
| does hyper or hypo thyroidism lead to goiter? |
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Definition
| goiter = enlarged thyroid gland. BOTH. |
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Term
| adrenal glands originate from |
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Definition
| intermediate mesoderm (cortex) and neural crest (medulla) |
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Term
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Definition
| = disenfranchised sympathetic ganglion with cell bodies but no axons. secretes catecholamines |
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Term
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Definition
| epi and norepi, responsible for fight or flight |
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Term
| adrenal medulla blood supply |
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Definition
| direct arterial supply and drainage from cortex |
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Term
| adrenal cortex: three layers and their products |
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Definition
| zona glomerulosa (aldosterone), zona fasciculata (cortisol), zona reticularis (androgens) |
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Term
| what stimulates the three sections of the adrenal cortex to release their products? |
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Definition
| granulosa: ACTH and angiotensin. fasciculata and reticularis: corticotropin (ACTH) |
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Term
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Definition
| affects CHO metabolism; in liver, increases synthesis and usage of FAs, AAs, and CHOs for glucose/glucagon/enzyme synthesis. OUTSIDE the liver, glucocorticoids (cortisol) are catabolic. |
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Term
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Definition
| masculinizing hormones = androgens |
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Term
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Definition
| adrenal cortical hyperfunction. central obesity, moon fascies, weight gain, excess sweating, striae |
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Term
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Definition
| JFK's disease. hypofunction of all three adrenal cortex zones = chronic adrenal insufficiency. nausea, vomiting and low BP |
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Term
| islets of langerhans derived from |
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Definition
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Term
| beta cells produce insulin, alpha cells produce glucagon. other pancreas endocrine products? |
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Definition
| somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide |
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Term
| parathyroid glands derived from |
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Definition
| pharyngeal pouches 3 and 4 = endodermal epithelium |
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Term
| 2 parathyroid cell types and their functions |
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Definition
| chief cells - secrete PTH. and oxyphils - uncertain function, larger and more acidophilic (pale) |
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Term
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Definition
| increases blood calcium and decreases blood phosphate. (essential for normal neuromuscular activity). via promotion of bone resorption by osteoclasts and promotion of phosphate excretion by kidneys. |
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Term
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Definition
| high blood calcium and low blood phosphate |
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Term
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Definition
| mostly endo but slightly exo because it stores its product |
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Term
| all 3 layers of adrenal cortex are |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| = third eye, regulates reproductive cycles via light/dark cycle. has "brain sand" in it. |
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