Term
| What are the four main layers of the Earth listed from the outer most to the inner most layer? |
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Definition
Crust
Mantle
Ourter Core
Inner Core |
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Term
| This is a thin, solid, outermost layer, it is broken into pieces like a cracked egg. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the thickest layer, made mostly of iron, magnesium, other metals, and magma. This layer flows slowly. |
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Definition
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Term
| Molten (melted) metlas make up this layer. |
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Definition
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Term
| This solid metal layer is made of iron and nickel. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the study of how the plates in the Earth's crust move? |
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Definition
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Term
| There are ________ large plates, and several small ones that make up the _____________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Scientists believe that at one time, all the continents were joined in a supercontinent called ____________ meaning "all earth." |
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Definition
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Term
| Plates more because they float on top of a more fluid layer of the mantle called the ______________. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the ocean, the hot lava rises up from the mid-ocean ridge, cools and hardens, pushing the plates apart. This is called _______________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A _______________ force adds new features (new crust) to the surface of the Earth. |
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Definition
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Term
| Sea Floor Spreading, mounting building, and volcanoes are examples of ________________ forces. |
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Definition
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Term
| The movement of plates towards each other is called _________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____________ form new crust when they erupt by magma working through vents in the mountain. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______________ and __________________ are constructed from volcanoes. |
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 types of places do volcanoes occur? |
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Definition
1. Plates come together (convergent boundaries)
2. Plates move apart (divergent boundaries)
3. At Hot Spots (weak areas in the crust where magma bubbles up) |
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Term
| When rocks and soil are moved down a river due to erosion, they can be deposited at the mouth of the river. This is called _________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| When deposition occurs and rocks and soil from erosion are moved to the mouth of the river this forms a fan shape called a ______________. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________________ forces tear down the Earth's crust. |
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Definition
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Term
| When one plate slides under the other, it is pulled into a deep sea trench. As it moves closer to the mantle, it melts and becomes part of the molten rock. This process is called _______________. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______________ is when rock is broken down into smaller and smaller pieces. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______________ weathering happens when rock is physically broken down by WIND, WATER, ICE, GRAVITY, or ROOTS growing in the rock. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________________ wheathering happens when minerals within the rocks are broken down by removing or altering the elements that make up the minerals. Some examples are dead and decaying animals, acid rain, chemicals in groundwater. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______________ is when soil or rock is carried away by water, ice or wind. It is the MOVEMENT of weathered rock. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 5 ways that land can be eroded? |
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Definition
Gravity
Glaciers
Wind
Waves
or
Running Water |
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Term
| Water erosion can occur when a __________ carries soil away. It can also occur when _____________ are pounded by waves and carry away the sand. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ erosion occurs everywhwere but especially in desert areas. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ______________ of hte 1930's is an example of the power of wind erosion. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________________ can break down crust in a very destructive way. They occur at ____________________ when plates push together, pull apart, or rub against each other. |
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Definition
Earthquakes
Plate Boundaries |
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Term
| Scientists use what two tools to precdict and measure earthquakes? |
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Definition
Seismometers
Richter Scale |
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Term
| What tool measures the energy in the waves? |
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Definition
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Term
| What tool measures the magnitude (how strong the wave is) of the energy in the waves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Using Seismometers and Richter Scales to provide early warnings can help evacuate areas that may be effeted by ________________ and _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A ________________ are a giant wave that is caused by an underwater earthquake in the ocean that causes the ocean to slosh. |
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Definition
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Term
| Unfortunately, it is not always possible to predict every event so _______________ can be designed to be able to withstand earthquakes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Storm drains, sewage systems, levees, and dams are some ways engeineers have cities prevent _______________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A ________ is a barrier build on the banks of a body of water such as the ocean. It can be made of dirt, sandbags, or concrete. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ are a form of flood controll that can also be used to produce ________________ using the flow of water to turn a turbine. |
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Definition
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Term
| When heavy storms, such as hurricanes, destroy beaches and shorelines, engineers will work on _______ ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the solid strctures made of piled stones or other material that keep water from flowing onto the beach and thus used by engineers for beach reclamation. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the process that scoops out loose sand and earth from the ocean and transports it to the beach to rebuild the shoreline (beach reclamation). |
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Definition
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