Term
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Definition
| sensory process leading to pain perception |
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Term
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Definition
| Bare nerve endings in skin, connective tissue, muscle, joints, arteries, viscera |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical, mechanical and thermal stimuli, starts functioning @ 24 weeks gestation :) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Unmyelinated and slow…most common related with pain transmision |
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Term
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Definition
| Specificity, gate and nueromatrix |
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Term
| Specificity theory of pain |
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Definition
| amount of pain = amount of tissue injury |
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Term
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Definition
| pain modulated between A delta and C fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| Brain produces patterns of nerve impulses, e.g. phantom limb pain, neuropathies |
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Term
| Pain is inhibited by which chemicals? |
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Definition
| Endorphins, enkephalins, serotonin, norepinephrine, GABA(gamma aminobutyric acid) |
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Term
| Endorphins and enkephalins are….. |
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Definition
| body's endogenous opioids |
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Term
| Pain's excitatory chemicals are |
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Definition
| Glutamate, aspartate, PGs, bradykinin, lymphokines |
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Term
| Bradykinins and PGs released by |
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Definition
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Term
| lymphokines released associated with |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Acute pain can also cause |
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Definition
| Anxiety, increased heart rate, BP, temperature, blood sugar level, sweating AND decreased intestinal motility, gastric acid secretion and blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
| Superficial, Sharp and carried by Sensory fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| Deep, poorly localized, carried by sympathetic fibers and ass. With nausea, vomiting, restlessness and hypotention |
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Term
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Definition
| Distant from original location DUE to the same spinal supply, e.g non-cardiac pain location for MI/angina |
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Term
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Definition
| persistent/intermittent, lasting for 3-6 months, e.g. cancer pain, backache, myofascial pain syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic pain, due to nerve injury or disease, e.g. diabetic neuro,. Phantom, complex regional pain syndrome, post-herpetic neuralgia |
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Term
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Definition
| lowest point @ which pain stimulus is perceived/pain is felt |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount of time or intensity of pain that can be endured before responding to pain |
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Term
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Definition
| pain @ one location may cause an increase in the threshold in another location, e.g. hip/back pain |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| decreased in older adults, with increase or no change of threshold |
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Definition
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Term
| body produces heat through |
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Definition
| muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, metabolic reactions, chemical thermogenesis, |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased muscle tone, vasodil., radiation, conduction, convection,evaporation, increased respirations, adapt. To warmer climates |
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Term
| fever is due to the temporary |
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Definition
| reset of hypothalamic thermostat due to pyrogens(extogenous=endotoxins by pathogens/endogenous) |
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Term
| T/F: fever should always be treated? |
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Definition
| F: fever kills many micro-org., causes lysosomal breakdown and autodestruction of cella so virus can't replicate |
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Term
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Definition
| lymphocytic transformation for immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| iron, zinc and copper (that are important for bacterial division) WOW |
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Term
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Definition
| phagocytosis and interferon production |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: hyperthermia caused by pyrogens |
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Definition
| F: it is most due to excessive heat, e.g. heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke |
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Term
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Definition
| nerve damage, cell proteins' coagulation, fits |
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Term
| At body temperature 109.4 F, what will happen? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| strenous exercise in warmer climate and in people who r not used to such temperatures |
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Term
| what happens in heat cramps |
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Definition
| severe episodes of abdmonial or extremities cramping followed by excess sweating AND LOSS OF SODIUM |
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Term
| what should u do when you experience heat cramps? |
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Definition
| drink plenty of water WITH added salt or I/V saline fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| increased temperature, pulse and BP |
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Term
| untreated heat cramps can lead to |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| prolonged high core temperature, causing vasodil. And excessive sweating |
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Term
| symptoms of heat exhaustion |
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Definition
| dehydration, decreased plasma vol., decreased cardiac output, decreased BP, increased heart rate, dizziness, weakness, nausea, syncope |
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Term
| untreated heat exhaustion can lead to |
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Definition
| heat stroke=lethal due to overstressed thermoreg. Center..stops working @ 104.9 F |
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Term
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Definition
| cerebral edema, CNS degeneration, renal tubular necrosis(acute renal failure) and death |
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Term
| who suffer more with hyperthermia? |
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Definition
| kids, due to more surface area and less sweating capacity and more metabolic heat production |
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Term
| malignant hyperthermia is a rare inherited disorder of _________ |
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Definition
| muscles associated with certain inhaled anesthetics and neuromusc. Blockers |
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Term
| what happens in malig. Hyperthermia? |
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Definition
| muscual Calcium alters=sustained muscular contraction->increased O2 consumption->lactic acidosis->cardiac arrest |
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Term
| HYPOthermia occurs below what temp? |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens in hypothermia |
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Definition
| vasoconstriction, increased bld. Viscosity,slow micocirculation,more bld. Coagulation,ischemic tissu damage,ince crystal in cells, cell rupture and death |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| in surgery, limb reimplantation= to preserve ischemic tissue by slowing tissue metabolism |
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Term
| side effects of therapeutic hypothermia |
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Definition
| vent. Fibrillation and cardia arrest |
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Term
| T/F: major trauma can affect tempertaure control |
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Definition
| T: e.g. with CNS trauma, hemorrhagic shock, thermal burns, major surgery, increased intracranial pressure, accidental injuries |
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Term
| T/F: sleeping is a passive process |
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Definition
| F: it is an active process important for restoring function and memory improvement(doesn't work for me;) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| after 1-2 hr of sleeping, occurs every 90 minutes |
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Term
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Definition
| I - IV stages ..measured thru EEG |
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Term
| do infants sleep for 15-17 hours? |
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Definition
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Term
| who has more REM, adults or infants? |
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Definition
| Infants= 53% of 17 hours… |
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Term
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Definition
| immediate REM=10-45 min. + NREM=20 min. Whole sleep cycle=60 min. |
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Term
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Definition
| take longer to fall asleep + awaken more often= less total sleep time (due to circadian rhythm changes, meds., pee etc |
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Term
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Definition
| difficulty in initiating sleep |
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Term
| obstructive sleep apnea also known as |
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Definition
| upper airway resistance syndrome |
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Term
| obese people are @ risk of … |
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Definition
| obesity hypoventilation syndrome |
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Term
| enuresis is defined as . . . |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sleep walking/any complex act during sleeping…no recall later….these sleep-wake disturbances are called parasomnias |
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Term
| secondary causes for sleep disorders |
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Definition
| pain, depression, altered thyroid hormones |
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