• angi/o
  • Meaning: Vessel (usually blood or lymph)
  • Example: Angioplasty – a procedure to mechanically widen a narrowed or blocked blood vessels.

• aort/o
  • Meaning: Aorta
  • Example: Aortostenosis– narrowing of the aorta.

• arteri/o
  • Meaning: Artery
  • Example: Arteriogram– an xray of an artery.

• ather/o
  • Meaning: Fatty plaque
  • Example: Atheroma– a fatty deposit or plaque within the wall of an artery.

• capillar/o
  • Meaning: Capillaries (the smallest blood vessels)
  • Example: capillaroscope – an instrument used to examine capillaries.

• cardi/o
  • Meaning: Heart
  • Example: Cardiomyopathy – the general term for diseases that affect the heart muscle.

• chrom/o, chromat/o
  • Meaning: Color
  • Example: Hemochromatosis – a condition where excess iron is stored in the body, affecting skin color.

• erythr/o
  • Meaning: Red
  • Example: Erythrocyte – a red blood cell.

• hem/o, hemat/o
  • Meaning: Blood
  • Example: Hemoglobin– a protein in red blood cells.

• isch/o
  • Meaning: Restriction, deficiency
  • Example: Ischemic– a condition or process involving restricted blood flow to a part of the body.

• leuk/o
  • Meaning: White
  • Example: Leukocyte – a white blood cell.

• my/o
  • Meaning: Muscle
  • Example: Myocardium – the muscular tissue of the heart.

• phleb/o
  • Meaning: Vein
  • Example: Phlebotomy – the process of making an incision into a vein, typically to draw blood.

• scler/o
  • Meaning: Hardening
  • Example: Sclerotherapy – a treatment method used to harden and close off abnormal or damaged blood vessels such as varicose veins.

• sten/o
  • Meaning: Narrowing
  • Example: Stenocardia - a condition of chest pain caused by the narrowing of blood vessels to the heart.

• thromb/o
  • Meaning: Clot
  • Example: Thrombosis – formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel.

• valvul/o
  • Meaning: Valve
  • Example: Valvulopathy – a disease or disorder affecting the heart valves.

• vas/o
  • Meaning: Vessel
  • Example: Vasospasm – A sudden constriction of a blood vessel.

• ven/o
  • Meaning: Vein
  • Example: Venous – related to the veins.

• alges/o
  • Meaning: Sensitivity to pain
  • Example: Analgesic – a medication that reduces or eliminates pain.

• cephal/o
  • Meaning: Head
  • Example: Cephalalgia – a headache.

• cerebr/o
  • Meaning: Brain, cerebrum
  • Example: Cerebrospinal – relating to the brain and spinal cord.

• cerebell/o
  • Meaning: Cerebellum (part of the brain)
  • Example: Cerebellitis – inflammation of the cerebellum.

• concuss/o
  • Meaning: To shake violently
  • Example: Concussion – a violent shaking of the brain, often due to injury.

• crani/o
  • Meaning: Skull
  • Example: Craniotomy – a surgical incision into the skull.

• dur/o
  • Meaning: Dura mater (outermost layer of the meninges)
  • Example: Subdural – located beneath the dura mater.

• encephal/o
  • Meaning: Brain
  • Example: Encephalopathy – a disease of the brain.

• esthesi/o
  • Meaning: Sensation, feeling
  • Example: Anesthesia – loss of sensation, typically induced for medical procedures.

• gangli/o, ganglion/o
  • Meaning: Ganglion (a cluster of nerve cell bodies)
  • Example: Ganglioneuroma – a tumor of a nerve ganglion.

• hydr/o
  • Meaning: Water, fluid
  • Example: Hydrocephalus – an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain.

lob/o

• Meaning: Lobe
• Example: Lobectomy – surgical removal of a lobe of the brain

• ment/o
  • Meaning: Mind, chin
  • Example: Dementia – a decline in mental abilities, typically due to disease or injury.

• mening/o, meningi/o
  • Meaning: Meninges (membranes covering the brain and spinal cord)
  • Example: Meningitis – inflammation of the meninges.

• mon/o
  • Meaning: One, single
  • Example: Monoplegia – paralysis of one limb.

• myel/o
  • Meaning: Spinal cord, bone marrow
  • Example: Myelitis – inflammation of the spinal cord.

• neur/o, neur/i
  • Meaning: Nerve
  • Example: Neurology – the study of the nervous system.

• phas/o
  • Meaning: Speech
  • Example: Paraphasia – a condition in which a person substitutes incorrect words, sounds, or non-words in their speech.

poli/o

• Meaning: Gray matter (of the brain or spinal cord)
• Example: Poliomyelitis – an infectious disease affecting the gray matter of the spinal

• pont/o
  • Meaning: Pons (a part of the brainstem)
  • Example: Pontocerebellar – relating to the pons and cerebellum.

psych/o

• Meaning: Mind
• Example: Psychiatry – the study and treatment of mental illness.

• radic/o, radicul/o, rhiz/o
  • Meaning: Nerve root
  • Example: Radiculodynia – pain caused by irritation or injury to the nerve roots.

• vag/o
  • Meaning: Vagus nerve (a cranial nerve)
  • Example: Vagotomy – surgical cutting of the vagus nerve.