Term
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Definition
1. AUDITORY MECHANISM
2. VESTIBULAR MECHANISM
3. CN VIII |
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Term
| AUDITORY MECHANISM INVOLVES |
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Definition
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Term
| VESTIBULAR MECHANISM PARTS |
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Definition
3 SEMICIRCULAR CANALS
UTRICLE
SACCULE |
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Term
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Definition
TEMPORAL BONE
2 CAVITY SYSTEMS
1 house Vestibular Organs
1 houses Cochlea |
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Term
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Definition
FLUID-FILLED
either endolymph or perilymph
Windows will separate the middle ear & inner ear due to fluid v. air filling |
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Definition
Separates ME and IE
footplate of Stapes sits |
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Definition
| immediate entryway-filled with perilymph fluid |
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Term
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Definition
intricately winding cave of inner ear
bony v. membranous |
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Term
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Definition
Vestibular organs, contained in the same bony labyrinth as the cochlea, maintain the sense of balance and equilibrium
-composed of 3 SCC stemming from fluid-filled sac called vestibule |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| FLUID IN UTRICLE & SACCULE |
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Definition
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Term
| INSIDE THE Utircle & Saccule: |
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Definition
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Term
| Macula is covered with a gelatinous substance containing tiny crystals called _____; provide mass that facilitates movement of macular cells in response to linear motion |
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Definition
| OTOLITHS/OTOCONIA = CYRSTALS |
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Term
| Semicircular Canals attach/arise to Vestibula by _____ |
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Definition
Utricle:
each of the canals has a bulge near 1 of its attachments with the utricle, part of the vestibule |
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Term
| Canals return ot utricle through enlarges areas/bulges called ____ |
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Definition
AMPULLA
-contains the receptor organs called cristae ampulators |
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Term
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Definition
1. Superior - Anterior
2. Horizontal - Lateral
3. Posterior - Posterior |
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Term
VESTIBULAR INNERVATION
Ampulla of the SCCs, Utricle, Saccule contain ______ which synapse with Vestibular neurons of _____ |
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Definition
VESTIBULAR INNERVATION
Ampulla of the SCCs, Utricle, Saccule contain HAIR CELLS which synapse with Vestibular neurons of CN VIII |
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Term
| ______ in the Vestibular Organs Causes the Hair Cells to move |
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Definition
| FLUID in the Vestibular Organs Causes the Hair Cells to move |
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Term
| SCCs are arranged ____ to 1 another to sense ____ called ___ Motion |
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Definition
| SCCs are arranged PERPENDICULAR to 1 another to sense DIFFERENT RANGE OF MOTION called ANGULAR Motion |
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Term
| Utricle & Saccule respond to ____ & ____ movement |
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Definition
Utricle & Saccule respond to GRAVITY & LINEAR movement
Utricle: forward & back
Saccule: up & down |
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Term
| Ability to Maintain Balance Depends on Info From: |
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Definition
1. Eyes
2. Proprioception (muslces & joints in space)
3. Vestibular System |
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Term
| Have ___ Vestibular System |
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Definition
Have 2 Vestibular Systems
(1 on each side of the head)
work to send symmetrical signals to the brain) |
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Term
| Auditory Mechanism: to _____ the mechanical energy from ____ ear into a form of energy read by brain which is ____ energy |
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Definition
| Auditory Mechanism: to TRANSDUCE the mechanical energy from MIDDLE ear into a form of energy read by brain which is ELECTRICAL energy |
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Term
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Definition
small, snail like1 cm wide at base and swirls up toward apex (5mm high)
35 mm long
makes 2 3/4 coils
2 openings: windows |
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Term
| Cochlea Coils around Center Axis Called _____ from which a bony shelf, _____ protrudes with _____ (tiny openings allowing nerve fibers) |
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Definition
| Cochlea Coils around Center Axis Called MODIOLUS from which a bony shelf, SPIRAL LAMINA protrudes with HABENULA PERFORATA(tiny openings allowing nerve fibers) |
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Term
| Base of the Modiolus goes up against ____ |
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Definition
| Base of Modiolus goes up against INTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS |
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Term
| ____ is the Canal that Houses CNVIII |
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Definition
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Term
| Tiny openings along the Spiral Lamina that allow nerve fibers to pass through |
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Definition
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Term
| Membrane that Separates Scala Media from Scala Vestibuli |
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Definition
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Term
| Membrane Separates Scala Media from Scala Tympani |
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Definition
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Term
| Upper Duct of Cochlea closer to vestibular system |
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Definition
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Term
| Suspended within the cochlea is membranous labyrinth called ___ or cochlear duct |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ opens into the Scala Vestibuli |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ Opens into the Scala Tympani |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ allows communication between the scala Vestibule and Scala Tympani |
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Definition
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Term
| Helicotrema is located near ____ of cochlea |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe Perilymph Fluid of Inner Ear |
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Definition
HIGH [Na] low [k]
S. Vestibule and S. Tympani
(makes sense b/c connect at Helicotrema) |
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Term
| Describe Endolymph Fluid of Inner Ear |
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Definition
low [Na] HIGH [k]
in membraneous parts (SSCs, Utricle, Saccule) & in Scala Media |
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Term
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Definition
dynamics in IE are critical for appropriate function of Cochlea and Vestibular System
-Vertigo
-Imbalance
-Tinnitus
-Hearing Loss |
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Term
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Definition
duct that connects membranous labyrinth of cochlea and vestibular system
same fluids |
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Term
| Organ of Corti: located in ______ on top of the ______ membrane and runs: |
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Definition
| Organ of Corti: located in SCALA MEDIAon top of the BASILAR membrane and runs: BASE-APEX OF COCHLEA |
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Term
| 3 Parts of Organ of Corti |
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Definition
1. Supporting Structures
2. Sensory Cellls
3. Nerve Fibers |
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Term
Supporting Structures of Organ of Corti:
-Supported by ____
-Form triangular shape _____
-Fluid: |
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Definition
Supporting Structures of Organ of Corti:
-Supported by PILLARS OF CORTI
-Form triangular shape TUNNEL OF CORTI
-Fluid: CORTILYMPH |
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Term
Sensory Cells of Organ of Corti:
-Inner
-Outer
-Other |
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Definition
Inner: single row 3,500
Outer: 3-5 rows; 12,000
Stereocilia |
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Term
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Definition
tiny hairs on top of the hair cells
on the Outer Hair Cells are embedded in the TECTORIAL MEMBRANE |
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Term
| Nerve Fibers connect _______ to the cochlea |
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Definition
| Nerve Fibers connect AT THE BASE OF THE HAIR CELLS to the cochlea |
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Term
| Fibers Exit the Cochlea ______ to form ____ |
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Definition
| Fibers Exit the Cochlea THROUGH HOLES IN COCHLEA AND GROUP TOGETHER to form SPIRAL GANGLION |
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Term
| Fibers Twist like a Rope and Eventually Meet up with Nerve Fibers from Vestibular Branch Where? |
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Definition
| Cannal of Internal Auditory Meatus to form CN VIII |
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Term
| Oval Window displaces _____ at the basal end of the cochlea, propagating a pressure wave toward _____ |
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Definition
| Oval Window displaces perilymph at the basal end of the cochlea, propagating a pressure wave toward the apex |
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Term
| With the Inward Displacemnt at the _____ is matched by outward displacement at the ______ |
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Definition
| With the Inward Displacemnt at the OVAL WINDOW is matched by outward displacement at the ROUND WINDOW |
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Term
| Sound Vibrations introduced in the ______ are Conducted into the _____ because of the displacement of Reisnner's Membrane |
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Definition
| Sound Vibrations introduced in the S. VESTIBULE are Conducted into the S. MEDIA because of the displacement of Reisnner's Membrane |
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Term
| Organ of Corti sits on the ____ Membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| Once Maximum displacement is reached, the wave decays rapidly ... Explain: |
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Definition
For every sound there is a point of MAX DISPLACEMENT
TRAVELIG WAVE: movement of the fluid |
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Term
| Point of Max Displacement of the Basilar Membrane is _____ on the ____ of the Input Signal |
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Definition
| Point of Max Displacement of the Basilar Membrane is DEPENDENT on the FREQUENCY of the Input Signal |
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Term
| Organization of Frequencies in Membrane is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ Produce Max Deflection at Basal End |
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Definition
| HIGH FREQUENCY Produce Max Deflection at Basal End |
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Term
| _____ Produce Max Deflection at the Apical End ( Close to Helicotrema) |
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Definition
| LOW FREQUENCY produce Max Deflection at the Apical End ( Close to Helicotrema) |
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Term
| Basilar Membrane is _____ at apex = less Stiff = Low Frequency |
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Definition
| Basilar Membrane is WIDE & THICK at Apex = LESS Stiff = LOW Frequency |
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Term
| Basilar Membrane is ____ at base = more stiff = Highh Frequency |
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Definition
| Basilar Membrane is NARROW & THIN at base = MORE stiff = HIGH Frequency |
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Term
| Movement of Basilar Membrane causes Dispalcement of ____ and _____ Membrane |
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Definition
Hair Cells &
Tectorial Membrane
(part of Organ of Corti with Stereocilia) |
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Term
| twisted motion of stereocilia is called |
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Definition
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Term
| The Shearing Motion of Stereocilia create ______ - explain |
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Definition
ELECTRICAL RESPONSE of cochlea:
when cilia are sheared, release chemical at BASE of hair cell
creates action potential up Auditory Nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| The Faintest (softest) sound level that induces a response from a neuron |
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Term
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Definition
from hair cell within cochlea and carry info to CNS (away)
Afferent = Away |
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Term
| Afferent Fibers leave the cochlea via ____ located in the ____ |
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Definition
| Afferent Fibers Leave the Cochlea Via HABENULA PERFORATE located in the SPIRAL LAMINA |
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Term
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Definition
| Initiating from higher regions of nervous system & carry info to cells (descend) |
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Term
AUDITORY NERVOUS SYSTEM:
CN VIII exits through ______ and enters the brainstem |
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Definition
AUDITORY NERVOUS SYSTEM:
CN VIII exits through INTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS and enters the brainstem |
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Term
| Ascending Auditory Nervous System |
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Definition
| complex pathway through which sound travels though the BRAINSTEM to the AUDITORY CORTEX |
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Term
| All Nerve Fibers from the cochlea terminate at _______ on the ____ side |
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Definition
| All Nerve Fibers from the cochlea terminate at COCHLEAR NUCLEUS on the IPSILATERAL side |
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Term
| from the Choclear Nucleus, the ____ pathways are available |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| differentiation of inner ear |
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Term
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Definition
cochlear turns begin
SCCs begin to form |
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Term
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Definition
scalae are forming
SCC reach adult configuration |
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Term
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Definition
| coils of cochlea are complete |
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Term
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Definition
| Organ of Corti Begins to Form |
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Term
| Development of IE initially forms as ______ |
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Definition
| Development of IE initially forms as CARTILAGE, then changes to bone |
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Term
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Definition
| membranous labyrinth is adult size |
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Term
IE DEVELOPMENT:
Why is HL more succesptible than balance in children |
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Definition
vestibular portion complete early and cochlea later
cochlea more susceptible to deviations (more children have HL than balance |
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Term
IE DEVELOPMENT:
When is Rudimentary Hearing Developed? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
IE in full adult form
rudimentary hearing |
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Term
IE DEVELOPMENT
____ Portion Complete Early on
______ portion complete Later On |
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Definition
VESTIBULAR Portion Complete Early on
COCHLEAR portion complete Later On |
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Term
| Acoustic Energy is form of_____ channeled into the ear canal by the _____ |
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Definition
| Acoustic Energy is form of SOUND WAVES channeled into the ear canal by the PINNA |
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Term
| Sound Waves strike the ____ causing vibration and change acoustic E into Mechanical E |
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Definition
| Sound Waves strike the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE causing vibration and change acoustic E into Mechanical E |
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Term
| The _____ is attached to the Tympanic Membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| Middle Ear Component which has ____ motion that changes energy into mechanical amplification |
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Definition
| Malleus OSSICLES into motion |
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Term
| Stapes moves in and out of _____ of cochlea creating ____ |
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Definition
| Stapes moves in & out of OVAL WINDOW createing MOTION IN FLUID |
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Term
| Fluid Movement of Cochlea causes membranes in ____ to shear against ____ |
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Definition
| Fluid Movement of Cochlea causes membranes in ORGAN OF CORTI to shear against HAIR CELLS |
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Term
| Hair Cells shearing create ____ Signal which is sent via ____ to brain = sound interpreted |
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Definition
| Hair Cells shearing create ELECTRICAL Signal which is sent via VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVEto brain = sound interpreted |
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Term
| How Sound gets from cochlea to brain is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Basilar Membrane is Wider & Thicker at Apex - _____ Stiff = _____ Frequencies |
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Definition
| Basilar Membrane is Wider & Thicker at Apex - LESS stiff = LOW freqeuncies |
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Term
| More Outer or Inner Hair Cells? |
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Definition
OUTER = 3-5 rows and 12,000
inner only 1 row and 3,500 |
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Term
| Also called 'Sense Organ of Hearing' |
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Definition
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